scholarly journals Biomimetic nanovesicle design for cardiac tissue repair

Nanomedicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (19) ◽  
pp. 1873-1896
Author(s):  
Sruti Bheri ◽  
Jessica R Hoffman ◽  
Hyun-Ji Park ◽  
Michael E Davis
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Cardiac Repair ◽  
Parent Cell ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
High Uptake ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Future Potential

Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Exosome therapies are promising for cardiac repair. Exosomes transfer cargo between cells, have high uptake by native cells and are ideal natural carriers for proteins and nucleic acids. Despite their proreparative potential, exosome production is dependent on parent cell state with typically low yields and cargo variability. Therefore, there is potential value in engineering exosomes to maximize their benefits by delivering customized, potent cargo for cardiovascular disease. Here, we outline several methods of exosome engineering focusing on three important aspects: optimizing cargo, homing to target tissue and minimizing clearance. Finally, we put these methods in context of the cardiac field and discuss the future potential of vesicle design.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal stem cells’ homing and cardiac tissue repair

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Szydlak
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Cellular Therapy ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Intramyocardial Injection ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Cardiac Disorders

Nowadays, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are essential players in cellular therapy and regenerative medicine. MSCs are used to treat cardiac disorders by intramyocardial injection or injection into the bloodstream. Therefore, a premise of successful MSC-based therapy is that the cells reach the site of injury and home the damaged tissue. In response to inflammatory conditions, MSCs can potentially move into the place of injury and colonize damaged tissues, where they participate in their regeneration. This review presents the current knowledge of the mechanisms of MSCs migration and target tissue homing in the field of cardiovascular therapies.

scholarly journals Macrophage Polarization in Cardiac Tissue Repair Following Myocardial Infarction

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2715
Author(s):  
Yevgeniy Kim ◽  
Sanzhar Nurakhayev ◽  
Ayan Nurkesh ◽  
Zharylkasyn Zharkinbekov ◽  
Arman Saparov
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Scar Tissue ◽  
M1 Macrophages ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Phenotypic Profile ◽  
Detrimental Impact ◽  
Alternatively Activated

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity around the globe, creating a substantial socio-economic burden as a result. Myocardial infarction is a significant contributor to the detrimental impact of cardiovascular disease. The death of cardiomyocytes following myocardial infarction causes an immune response which leads to further destruction of tissue, and subsequently, results in the formation of non-contractile scar tissue. Macrophages have been recognized as important regulators and participants of inflammation and fibrosis following myocardial infarction. Macrophages are generally classified into two distinct groups, namely, classically activated, or M1 macrophages, and alternatively activated, or M2 macrophages. The phenotypic profile of cardiac macrophages, however, is much more diverse and should not be reduced to these two subsets. In this review, we describe the phenotypes and functions of macrophages which are present in the healthy, as well as the infarcted heart, and analyze them with respect to M1 and M2 polarization states. Furthermore, we discuss therapeutic strategies which utilize macrophage polarization towards an anti-inflammatory or reparative phenotype for the treatment of myocardial infarction.

scholarly journals Stem cell therapy for cardiac repair: benefits and barriers

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Joggerst ◽  
Antonis K. Hatzopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cardiac Repair ◽  
Ischaemic Injury ◽  
Skeletal Myoblasts

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Acute ischaemic injury and chronic cardiomyopathies lead to permanent loss of cardiac tissue and ultimately heart failure. Current therapies aim largely to attenuate the pathological remodelling that occurs after injury and to reduce risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Studies in animal models indicate that transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells, bone-marrow-derived haematopoietic stem cells, skeletal myoblasts, or embryonic stem cells has the potential to improve the function of ventricular muscle after ischaemic injury. Clinical trials using primarily bone-marrow-derived cells and skeletal myoblasts have also produced some encouraging results. However, the current experimental evidence suggests that the benefits of cell therapy are modest, the generation of new cardiac tissue is low, and the predominant mechanisms of action of transplanted stem cells involve favourable paracrine effects on injured myocardium. Recent studies show that the adult heart possesses various pools of putative resident stem cells, raising the hope that these cells can be isolated for therapy or manipulated in vivo to improve the healing of cardiac muscle after injury. This article reviews the properties and potential of the various stem cell populations for cardiac repair and regeneration as well as the barriers that might lie ahead.

Breakthrough Regenerative Cardiopoietic Stem Cells and Related Technologies in the Field of Cardiovascular Medicine – From Bench to Bedside

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Christian Homsy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Cardiac Disease ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Cardiac Repair ◽  
Cardiac Diseases ◽  
Cardiac Progenitor Cells ◽  
Biotechnology Company ◽  
Cardiovascular Medicine

The scale of cardiac diseases, and in particular heart failure and acute myocardial infarction, emphasises the need for radically new approaches, such as cell therapy, to address the underlying cause of the disease, the loss of functional myocardium. Stem cell-based therapies, whether through transplanted cells or directing innate repair, may provide regenerative approaches to cardiac diseases by halting, or even reversing, the events responsible for progression of organ failure. Cardio3 BioSciences, a leading Belgian biotechnology company focused on the discovery and development of regenerative and protective therapies for the treatment of cardiac disease, was founded in this context in 2004. The company is developing a highly innovative cell therapy approach based on a platform designed to reprogramme the patient’s own stem cells into cardiac progenitor cells. The underlying rationale behind this approach is that, in order to reconstruct cardiac tissue, stem cells need to be specific to cardiac tissue. The key is therefore to provide cardiac-specific progenitor cells to the failing heart to induce cardiac repair.

Adult Stem Cells and Biocompatible Scaffolds as Smart Drug Delivery Tools for Cardiac Tissue Repair

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (28) ◽  
pp. 3429-3447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Pagliari ◽  
Sara Romanazzo ◽  
Diogo Mosqueira ◽  
Perpetua Pinto-do-O ◽  
Takao Aoyagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Smart Drug ◽  
Smart Drug Delivery

scholarly journals Molecular Research in Cardiovascular Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 7199
Author(s):  
Maria Dorobantu ◽  
Maya Simionescu ◽  
Nicoleta-Monica Popa-Fotea
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Full Attention

Cardiovascular diseases have attracted our full attention not only because they are the main cause of mortality and morbidity in many countries but also because the therapy for and cure of these maladies are among the major challenges of the medicine in the 21st century [...]

scholarly journals Smartphone-Based Prediction Model for Postoperative Cardiac Surgery Outcomes Using Preoperative Gait and Posture Measures

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1704
Author(s):  
Rahul Soangra ◽  
Thurmon Lockhart
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Postoperative Outcomes ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Prediction Of Mortality

Gait speed assessment increases the predictive value of mortality and morbidity following older adults’ cardiac surgery. The purpose of this study was to improve clinical assessment and prediction of mortality and morbidity among older patients undergoing cardiac surgery through the identification of the relationships between preoperative gait and postural stability characteristics utilizing a noninvasive-wearable mobile phone device and postoperative cardiac surgical outcomes. This research was a prospective study of ambulatory patients aged over 70 years undergoing non-emergent cardiac surgery. Sixteen older adults with cardiovascular disease (Age 76.1 ± 3.6 years) scheduled for cardiac surgery within the next 24 h were recruited for this study. As per the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) recommendation guidelines, eight of the cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients were classified as frail (prone to adverse outcomes with gait speed ≤ 0.833 m/s) and the remaining eight patients as non-frail (gait speed > 0.833 m/s). Treating physicians and patients were blinded to gait and posture assessment results not to influence the decision to proceed with surgery or postoperative management. Follow-ups regarding patient outcomes were continued until patients were discharged or transferred from the hospital, at which time data regarding outcomes were extracted from the records. In the preoperative setting, patients performed the 5-m walk and stand still for 30 s in the clinic while wearing a mobile phone with a customized app “Lockhart Monitor” available at iOS App Store. Systematic evaluations of different gait and posture measures identified a subset of smartphone measures most sensitive to differences in two groups (frail versus non-frail) with adverse postoperative outcomes (morbidity/mortality). A regression model based on these smartphone measures tested positive on five CVD patients. Thus, clinical settings can readily utilize mobile technology, and the proposed regression model can predict adverse postoperative outcomes such as morbidity or mortality events.

Abstract 13: Plasminogen Is Required for Hematopoietic Stem Cell-Mediated Cardiac Repair After Myocardial Infarction

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanqing Gong ◽  
Jane Hoover-Plow ◽  
Ying Li
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cardiac Repair ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem

Ischemic heart disease, including myocardial infarction (MI), is the primary cause of death throughout the US. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is used to mobilize hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells (HPSC) to improve cardiac recovery after MI. However, poor-mobilization to G-CSF is observed in 25% of patients and 10-20% of healthy donors. Therefore, a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms regulating G-CSF-induced cardiac repair may offer novel approaches for strengthening stem cell-mediated therapeutics. Our previous studies have identified an essential role of Plg in HPSC mobilization from bone marrow (BM) in response to G-CSF. Here, we investigate the role of Plg in G-CSF-stimulated cardiac repair after MI. Our data show that G-CSF significantly improves cardiac tissue repair including increasing neovascularization in the infarct area, and improving ejection fraction and LV internal diameter by echocardiogram in wild-type mice. No improvement in tissue repair and heart function by G-CSF is observed in Plg -/- mice, indicating that Plg is required for G-CSF-regulated cardiac repair after MI. To investigate whether Plg regulates HPSC recruitment to ischemia area, bone marrow transplantion (BMT) with EGFP-expressing BM cells was performed to visualize BM-derived stem cells in infarcted tissue. Our data show that G-CSF dramatically increases recruitment of GFP+ cells (by 16 fold) in WT mice but not in Plg -/- mice, suggesting that Plg is essential for HPSC recruitment from BM to the lesion sites after MI. In further studies, we investigated the role of Plg in the regulation of SDF-1/CXCR-4 axis, a major regulator for HPSC recruitment. Our results show that G-CSF significantly increases CXCR-4 expression in infarcted area in WT mice. While G-CSF-induced CXCR-4 expression is markedly decreased (80%) in Plg -/- mice, suggesting Plg may regulate CXCR-4 expression during HSPC recruitment to injured heart. Interestingly, Plg does not affect SDF-1 expression in response to G-CSF treatment. Taken together, our findings have identified a critical role of Plg in HSPC recruitment to the lesion site and subsequent tissue repair after MI. Thus, targeting Plg may offer a new therapeutic strategy to improve G-CSF-mediated cardiac repair after MI.

Abstract P482: Long-term Health and Cost Impact of the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (2017 Acc/aha) Hypertension Guidelines for Low-risk Adults

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengxiao C Wei ◽  
Joanne Penko ◽  
Pamela Coxson ◽  
Brandon Bellows ◽  
Leah Machen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Healthcare Costs ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Dynamic State ◽  
High Uptake ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Stage 1

Introduction: The 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines redefined stage 1 hypertension to include blood pressure 130-139 mmHg/80-89 mmHg and recommended non-pharmacologic interventions (e.g., DASH diet, physical activity) for those with stage 1 hypertension and a low 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The cost-effectiveness of achieving target blood pressure in this low risk population in the clinical setting (via identification, diagnosis, and counseling on diet and exercise) has not been assessed. Methods: We used the Cardiovascular Disease Policy Model (CVDPM), a dynamic state-transition model of CVD in US adults to simulate achieving blood pressure control in low-risk adults aged 35-64 years with untreated stage 1 hypertension based on the 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines. Outcomes included incident CVD (coronary heart disease and stroke), CVD healthcare costs (2018 dollars), and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) over 10 years. We projected outcomes assuming all low-risk young adults achieve control. We then varied the degree to which patients would change behaviors following diagnosis, using low uptake (20%) and high uptake (70%) estimates sourced from literature. We tested the sensitivity of health gains to decrements in QALYs associated with receiving a diagnosis using estimates from the Global Burden of Disease. Results: An estimated 7.0 million men and 6.6 million women age 35-64 years would be newly diagnosed with stage 1 hypertension and indicated for non-pharmacologic interventions according to 2017 ACC/AHA. Achieving targets of <130/80 mmHg is projected to prevent 63,200 incident CVD events and 4,800 CVD deaths and lower CVD related healthcare costs by $3.6 billion (2018 USD) over 10 years compared to no BP change. Assuming less than complete control (because of variable uptake of non-pharmacologic interventions) resulted in lower rates of CVD prevention (low uptake - 13,900 events prevented and $0.8 billion lower costs; high uptake 41,000 events prevented and $2.3 billion lower costs). In all scenarios, the magnitude of QALYs gained from preventing CVD was highly sensitive to decrements associated with anxiety from receiving a diagnosis. Conclusions: Achieving 2017 ACC/AHA stage 1 hypertension goals in newly diagnosed low-risk adults would result in substantial CVD benefit and reductions in CVD-related healthcare costs. . If these goals are to be achieved in the clinical setting, gains are likely to be offset by degree of uptake of counseling regarding non-pharmacologic interventions and anxiety related to a new diagnosis of hypertension.

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