scholarly journals Prevalence of different fungal species in Saliva and Swab samples of patients undergoing Radiotherapy for Oral Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratima Putta ◽  
Kannan Natarajan ◽  
Swapna Sridevi Beeraka ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Manne ◽  
Prathi Venkata Sarath
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Candidal Species

Oral cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally. There is a lack of studies on the growth of different Candida species in swab pre and post-radiotherapy. Hence, this study aimed to determine different Candida species in the oral cavity of patients who undergo radiotherapy. The study included 50 patients with oral cancer scheduled to undergo radiotherapy. Both saliva and swab samples were collected from all the patients before and after two- and six weeks of starting the radiotherapy. Similar inoculation was performed using the salivary swabs and incubated aerobically at 37°C for 48h. After 48h, culture plates were removed from the incubator and observed for the growth of different fungal species based on the color of the colonies. The culture of samples from patients with oral cancer resulted in the growth of 68% of Candida species in saliva and 44% in swab before initiating radiation. Unlike baseline findings, Candida albicans were identified in a higher number in swab samples (44%) than saliva (24%) post two weeks of radiotherapy. All saliva samples were positive to candida species, in which Candida albicans shows high prevalence (24%). After six weeks of radiotherapy, in the swab, 30% of samples were positive for Candida albicans, and 18% of samples were positive for non-albicans species. Before radiotherapy, at two weeks and six weeks of radiotherapy, saliva samples showed a higher prevalence of Candidal species compared to swab samples. The combination of other Candida species was also higher in saliva samples compared to swab samples during radiotherapy.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of Candida dubliniensis and Candida albicans in the oral cavity of drug abusers using duplex polymerase chain reaction

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parastoo Hassani Abharian ◽  
Parvin Dehghan ◽  
Peyman Hassani Abharian ◽  
Sepideh Tolouei
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Candida Dubliniensis ◽  
Drug Abusers ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Duplex Polymerase Chain Reaction

  Background and Purpose: Candida dubliniensis is closely related to the most pathogenic and prevalent yeast, namely C. albicans. Candida species can opportunistically overgrow in vulnerable individuals and cause a variety of diseases. The current study aimed to identify and isolate C. dubliniensis species present in the Candida albicans species complex identified in the oral cavity of drug abusers. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 53 strains of C. albicans species complex, isolated from the oral mucosa of drug abusers in Isfahan, Iran. DNA extraction was accomplished through boiling procedure. Duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to amplify ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region using four specific primers. Fungal species were identified based on the difference in the size of the bands created in the Agarose gel. Results: Out of the 53 isolates under study, 30 (56.6%) and 14 (26.4%) samples were identified as C. albicans and C. dubliniensis, respectively. In the remaining 9 samples (17%), both types of Candida species were confirmed. Conclusion: The findings of the present study revealed the presence of a noticeable amount of C. dubliniensis in the oral cavity of drug abusers. Therefore, the probable presence of this fungus should be considered during the examination of oral infection among this group. To date, no research has directly investigated this issue in Iran.

scholarly journals Candida albicans infection in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 766-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milos Cankovic ◽  
Marija Bokor-Bratic
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Mucosal Lesions ◽  
Mucosal Lesions ◽  
Cancer Lesion

Bacground/Aim. Systemic candidiasis in intensive care units remains an improtant problem due to antifungal resistance. Patients undergoing radiotherapy for head and neck cancer are at increased risk of developing oral candidiasis and they more frequent have prior fungi colonization. Due to identification of specific risk factors predisposing to fungal infection in order to threat such patients the aim of this study was to determine the presence of Candida species in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and compare it to the control subjects (patients with benign oral mucosal lesions). Methods. A total number of 30 consecutive oral cancer examined patients were included in this prospective study (24 men and 6 women with a mean age of 61.47 years, range 41-81 years). The control group consisted of 30 consecutive patients with histologically proven benign oral mucosal lesions (16 men and 14 women with a mean age of 54.53 years, range 16- 83 years). The samples for mycological examination were obtained by using sterile cotton swabs from the cancer lesion surface and in the patients of the control group from the benign mucosal lesion surface. Samples were inoculated in Sabouraud' dextrose agar. For identification purposes, Mackenzie germ tube test was performend on all isolates. Results. The prevalence of Candida was significantly higher in oral cancer patients than in control subjects (?2 = 5.455, p = 0.020). Candida was found on nine of the 30 cancer surfaces; 5 (16.7%) were identified as non-albicans Candida and 4 (13.3%) as Candida albicans. In the control group, only Candida albicans was isolated from 2 (6.7%) patients. In this study, no statistically significant differences in the presence of Candida species was found with respect to gender, age, smoking, alcohol consumption, wearing of dental protheses and the site of cancer lesion. Conclusion. The increased prevalence of yeasts on the surfaces of oral carcinoma indicates a need for their suppression before any cancer treatment. There was no evidence for an association between gender, age, smoking, alcohol consumption, wearing of dental protheses, the site of cancer lesion and the yeast presence.

Salivary Candida, Caries and Candida in Toothbrushes

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Ratson ◽  
R Bar-Ness Greenstein ◽  
Y Mazor ◽  
B Peretz
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
School Children ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Dental Clinic ◽  
Positive Growth

Background: Candida species are common inhabitants of the normal oral microbiota. A few studies founded a relationship between high levels of Candida albicans in the oral cavity and high DMF scores. Toothbrushes can also be reservoirs of microorganisms, the proliferation of these microorganism on a toothbrush could be a major factor for its distribution in the oral cavity. Aim: To examine the associations between salivary Candida and DMF, and between salivary Candida and Candida in the toothbrush. Method: 46 healthy school children, who attended a University pediatric dental clinic, were tested for Candida in their saliva and in their toothbrush. Their DMF was recorded. Results: 38 children were Candida-positive (79.2%), out of whom 5 demonstrated a positive growth of Candida in the toothbrushes. No correlation was found between Candida in the saliva and in the toothbrush. The number of Candida-positive girls was significantly higher than the number in boys. No significant relationship between caries experience and the presence of Candida was found. Conclusions: No correlation was found between Candida in the saliva and in the toothbrush. The origin of the Candida in the toothbrush is not totally clear.

scholarly journals Fungemia Surveillance in Denmark Demonstrates Emergence of Non-albicans Candida Species and Higher Antifungal Usage and Resistance Rates than in Other Nations

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. e01907-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Castanheira
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Azole Resistance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fungal Organisms ◽  
Echinocandin Resistance ◽  
Resistance Rates

ABSTRACT Recent changes in the occurrence of fungal species and the difficulties in performing reference antifungal susceptibility testing highlight the importance of surveillance of fungal organisms and antifungal resistance rates. K. M. T. Astvad et al. report results from recent (2012 to 2015) fungemia surveillance in Denmark and compare the results to previous data (2004 to 2011), showing a decrease in Candida albicans infections accompanied by an increase in C. glabrata and C. dubliniensis infections (J Clin Microbiol 56:e01564-17, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01564-17). Azole resistance among C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis isolates and echinocandin resistance in C. krusei isolates were higher in Denmark than in other regions. Interestingly, the usage of antifungals is higher in Denmark than in other Nordic countries.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the frequency of Candida spp. in hospitalized and non-hospitalized subjects

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 644-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Vieira ◽  
A. M. Feijó ◽  
M. E. Bueno ◽  
C. L. Gonçalves ◽  
R. G. Lund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
The Other ◽  
Medical Clinic ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Sabouraud Dextrose Agar ◽  
Peptone Water

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of Candida species between a non-hospitalized and a hospitalized population. For this purpose, samples of saliva were sampled through sterile swabs, moistened in peptone water and rubbed in the oral cavity of 140 individuals, from which, 70 were hospitalized patients from the Medical Clinic of a Teaching Hospital and the other 70 were non-hospitalized subjects. All saliva samples were plated in Sabouraud Dextrose agar added with Chloramphenicol and incubated at 36 °C for 48 hours. The morphology identification was performed through macroscopic and microscopic characterization, the CHROMagar Candida medium and the VITEK® system Yeast Biochemical Card (bio Mérieux SA, France). The results showed a colonization of Candida spp. in 85.7% the hospitalized individuals, where the species found were C. albicans (60%), C. tropicalis (23.4%), C. krusei (3.3%) and Candida spp. (13.3%). In the non-hospitalized individuals the colonization by Candida spp was 47.1%, and the species found were: C. albicans (45.5%), C.krusei (9.1%), C. guilliermondii (9.1% %), C. tropicalis (3.0%), C. famata (3.0%) and Candida spp. (30.3%). In spite of their presence in oral cavity in both groups, Candida spp. was more frequently isolated in hospitalized individuals, who were 6.73 times more likely to have this fungus in the oral cavity and were 3.88 times more likely to have Candida albicans.

scholarly journals Defining pheromone-receptor signaling inCandida albicansand related asexualCandidaspecies

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 4918-4930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Hsuan Lin ◽  
Anthony Choi ◽  
Richard J. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Pheromone Receptor ◽  
Human Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Α Pheromone ◽  
Candida Lusitaniae ◽  
Sexual Mating

Candida albicans is an important human fungal pathogen in which sexual reproduction is under the control of the novel white–opaque switch. Opaque cells are the mating-competent form, whereas white cells do not mate but can still respond to pheromones, resulting in biofilm formation. In this study, we first define the domains of the α-pheromone receptor Ste2 that are necessary for signaling in both white and opaque forms. Both cell states require the IC loop 3 (IC3) and the C-terminal tail of Ste2 for the cellular response, whereas the first IC loop (IC1) of Ste2 is dispensable for signaling. To also address pheromone-receptor interactions in related species, including apparently asexual Candida species, Ste2 orthologues were heterologously expressed in Candida albicans. Ste2 receptors from multiple Candida clade species were functional when expressed in C. albicans, whereas the Ste2 receptor of Candida lusitaniae was nonfunctional. Significantly, however, expression of a chimeric C. lusitaniae Ste2 receptor containing the C-terminal tail of Ste2 from C. albicans generated a productive response to C. lusitaniae pheromone. This system has allowed us to characterize pheromones from multiple Candida species and indicates that functional pheromone-receptor couples exist in fungal species that have yet to be shown to undergo sexual mating.

Implantation of Candida albicans and other Candida species in the oral cavity of rats

1996 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 308-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. G. Totti ◽  
A. O. C. Jorge ◽  
E. B. Santos ◽  
O. P. Almeida ◽  
C. Scully
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Candida Species

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Candida Species and Some Superficial Mycosis Associated with Diaper Dermatitis in Erbil City

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-103
Author(s):  
Vian B. Nehmatulla
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Diaper Dermatitis ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
High Association ◽  
Superficial Mycosis ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Hot Season

Diaper dermatitis (DD) is the most common cutaneous diagnosis in infancy that affects almost every child during the early months of their life time; most cases are associated with the yeast colonization of Candida or DD candidiasis and some dermatophytes. It is an irritating and inflammatory acute dermatitis in the perineal and perianal areas resulting from the occlusion and irritation caused by diapers. The study aimed to assess the association between Candida species and some dermatophytes in infants with napkin dermatitis and determine the prevalence of DD in relation with yeast (Candida) colonization and identify common Candida spp. which is responsible for Candida (fungal) DD among infants. Data from 210 infants aged between (0 and 18) months are collected from January to August 2018 in Raparin Hospital in Erbil City. The cases include 113 (53.80%) male infants and 97 (46.19%) female infants and diagnosed with DD. Results of 210 infant with diaper rash participated in this study. 188 (89.52%) were positive for Candida spp. and Dermatophytes (molds). From the total yeast number, Candida albicans was the most predominant species accounting 128 (84.21%), while 24 (15.78%) were non-albicans and dermatophyte molds among which Malassezias spp that accounted 26 (13.83%) and 10 (5.32%), respectively. The percentage of misdiagnosed cases was 9 (4.28%). Infants at age group 6–12 months showed high frequency with diaper rash 127 (60.47%). The prevalence of DD is higher in urban 120 (57.14%) than rural area 90 (42.85%). Furthermore, high prevalence DD found in hot season than colds was 121 (64.36%) and 67 (35.63%), respectively. In conclusion, I found that there are high association between DD with Candida spp. and dermatophytes and Candida albicans is a common invader of all types of napkin eruption.

scholarly journals Potential Pathogenicity of Candida Species Isolated from Oral Cavity of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Hasti Nouraei ◽  
Mehdi Ghaderian Jahromi ◽  
Leila Razeghian Jahromi ◽  
Kamiar Zomorodian ◽  
Keyvan Pakshir
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Hemolytic Activity ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Blood Agar Plate ◽  
Diabetic Patients

Introduction. In the recent decade, the increased immunocompromised population such as diabetic patients makes a high incidence of invasive Candida infections. Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine metabolic disorder, and diabetic patients are more susceptible to oral candidiasis infection. Candidiasis is an opportunistic fungal infection caused by many species of Candida. Secretion of exoenzymes plays an important role in the virulence and pathogenesis of Candida species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential role of phospholipase, esterase, and hemolytic activity of Candida species isolated from oral cavity lesions of diabetic patients. Methods. A total of 108 Candida species including 75 Candida albicans and 33 non-Candida albicans species were recovered from the oral cavity of diabetic patients included in our study. Egg yolk agar, Tween 80 opacity medium, and blood agar plate assays were used for determining phospholipase, esterase, and hemolytic activities, respectively. Results. Candida albicans species had the most exoenzyme activity in comparison to non-albicans isolates. Candida albicans isolates showed 97.3%, 100%, and 77.3% phospholipase, hemolysin, and esterase activities, respectively. The difference between Candida albicans and non-Candida albicans was significant in phospholipase ( P < 0.001 ) and hemolytic activity ( P = 0.027 ), but not significant in esterase activity ( P = 0.076 ). Conclusion. This study showed that most of the isolates had different enzymatic patterns, and Candida albicans isolates had the most exoenzyme activity. So due to the potential effects of these enzymes in pathogenesis and virulence effects of Candida species, we can conclude that the severity of extracellular enzymes may play a role in the severity of signs and symptoms of Candida oral cavity infections in diabetic patients.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Paparan Gas Ozon terhadap Jumlah Koloni Jamur Candida albicans

e-GIGI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Amana F. Chusaeni ◽  
Gunawan Wibisono ◽  
Tira H. Skripsa
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
P Value ◽  
Oral Infections ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Colony Number ◽  
Antiseptic Agent ◽  
Group 2

Abstract:  Candida albicans is one of the pathogenic fungal species which causes oral infections. One of the methods to minimize the risk of fungal infection is by application of asepsis procedure through gargling with antiseptics. Ozone has high oxidative properties, therefore, it is considered as an antiseptic agent. Plasma Study Center of Diponegoro University has developed an ozone generator machine which opens up an opportunity to identify ozone properties as an antiseptic in controlling the number of fungal colonies, especially Candida albicans. This study was aimed to identify the effects of ozone exposure on the number of fungal colonies of Candida albicans. This was a laboratory experimental study with one-group pretest-posttest design. A total of 32 samples of Candida albicans suspensions were divided into two groups (16 each). Group 1 was not treated with ozonation, while group 2 were ozonated. Then, the two groups were cultured in SDA media using the spread plate method and were incubated for 48 hours. The data were obtained by calculating the number of fungal colonies growing in SDA media. The Wilcoxon test obtained a p-value <0.05, meaning that there were differences in the colony number of Candida albicans before and after ozonation. In conclusion, ozone exposure has a significant effect on the number of fungal colonies of Candida albicans. Further studies are needed adding variables or parameters. Keywords: ozone; fungal colony; Candida albicans  Abstrak: Candida albicans merupakan salah satu spesies jamur patogen yang menyebabkan infeksi oral. Salah satu metode untuk meminimalkan risiko infeksi jamur ialah melalui penerapan prosedur asepsis dengan berkumur menggunakan antiseptik. Ozon memiliki kemampuan oksidasi tinggi sehingga dipertimbangkan untuk menjadi bahan antiseptik. Pusat Penelitian Plasma Universitas Diponegoro telah mengembangkan mesin generator ozon yang membuka peluang untuk mengetahui kemampuan ozon sebagai antiseptik dalam mengendalikan jumlah koloni jamur terutama Candida albicans. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh paparan gas ozon terhadap jumlah koloni jamur (Candida albicans). Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental laboratorik dengan one group pretest-posttest design. Sebanyak 32 sampel suspensi jamur Candida albicans dibagi menjadi dua kelompok (masing-masing 16 sampel). Kelompok 1 tidak dilakukan ozonasi dan kelompok 2 dilakukan ozonasi kemudian kedua kelompok dikultur dalam media SDA dengan metode spread plate dan diinkubasi 48 jam. Data diperoleh dengan menghitung jumlah koloni jamur yang tumbuh pada media SDA. Hasil uji statistik Wilcoxon mendapatkan nilai p<0,05 yang berarti terdapat perbedaan jumlah koloni jamur (Candida albicans) sebelum dan setelah pemberian gas ozon. Simpuolan penelitian ini ialah paparan gas ozon berpengaruh secara bermakna terhadap jumlah koloni jamur (Candida albicans). Penelitian lanjutan diperlukan dengan penambahan variabel atau parameter.Kata kunci: gas ozon; koloni jamur; Candida albicans

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