scholarly journals PERBANDINGAN VERBATRANSITIF DAN INTRANSITIFBAHASA INDONESIA DAN BAHASAJEPANG: TINJAUAN ANALISIS KONTRASTIF

Jurnal KATA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Diana Kartika
Keyword(s):  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Morphological Form ◽  
Transitive Verb ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Transitive Verbs ◽  
Sentence Patterns ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

<p>This study focus on differences grammatical between transitive and intransitif  verb forms Indonesian and Japanese that analyzed by comparing it. This study used contrastive analysis, of all the elements lingual, in this research  the object of this study is the morphological form of transitive and intransitif  verbs in Indonesian and Japanese. After analysed with contrastive how the shape of transitive and intransitif  verbs from both languages, then concluded as the final result of this study. The results of this study show that, (1) transitive verbs in Japanese need the object in the sentence and intransitif  verbs in Japanese doesn’t need the object in a sentence. Then, Indonesian transitive verbs are verbs that require object. (2) The transitive verb in Japanese is patterned (subject) wa / ga (object) o (transitive verb-tadoushi). Then, the intransitif  verb in Japanese patterned (subject) ga (intransitif  verb-jidoushi). In Indonesian sentence patterns transitive and intransitif  verbs S + P, which distinguishes the two verbs that are on each object. (3) in Japanese transitive and intransitif  verbs have endings as markers of each verb. Namely: a) -aru (tran), -eru (intran), b) -aru (intran), u (tran), c) -reru (intra), -sU (tran), d) -reru (intra- ), -ru (tran), e) - arareru (intran), u (trans), f) -ru (intran), -sU (tran), g) -eru (intran), -asu (tran), h) -u (intran), -asu (tran), i) -iru (intra), -osu (tran), and j) -u (intran), -eru (tran). While in Indonesian for a transitive verb is marked with the suffix Me-, memper-, memper-kan,  me-i, memper-I, me-kan and verba intransitif  marked by basic verbs, and  suffix  ber-, ber-kan, ter-, ke-an.</p><p> </p><p>Penelitian ini berfokus terhadap perbedaan gramatikal bentuk verba transitif dan intransitif bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Jepang yang dianalisis dengan cara membandingkan bentuk verba transitif dan intransitif bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Jepang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis kontrastif, dari semua unsur lingual kajian linguistic dalam penelitian ini yang menjadi objek kajian adalah morfologi bentuk verba transitif dan intransitif dalam bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Jepang. Setelah dikontrastifkan bagaimana bentuk verba transitif dan verba intransitif dari kedua bahasa tersebut kemudian ditarik kesimpulan sebagai hasil akhir dari penelitian ini. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa, (1) verba transitif dalam bahasa Jepang memerlukan objek penderita pada kalimat tersebut dan verba intransitif dalam bahasa Jepang tidak perlu objek penderita dalam sebuah kalimat. Sedangkan verba transitif dalam bahasa Indonesia adalah verba  yang membutuhkan objek. (2) Verba transitif dalam bahasa Jepang ini berpola (subjek) wa/ga (objek) o (kata kerja transitif-tadoushi). Sedangkan verba intransitif dalam bahasa Jepang berpola (subyek) ga (kata kerja intransitif-jidoushi). Sedangkan dalam bahasa Indonesia pola kalimat verba transitif dan intransitif S+P, yang membedakan dari kedua verba tersebut hanyalah pada objek masing-masing. (3) dalam bahasa Jepang verba transitif dan intransitif memiliki akhiran sebagai penanda masing-masing verba. Yaitu:a)  -aru (tran), -eru (intran), b) –aru (intran), -u (tran), c) –reru (intra), -su (tran), d) –reru (intra), -ru (tran), e) – arareru (intran), -u (trans), f) –ru (intran), -su (tran), g) –eru (intran), -asu (tran), h) –u (intran), -asu (tran), i) –iru (intra), -osu (tran), dan j) –u (intran), -eru (tran). Sedangkan dalam bahasa Indonesia untuk verba transitif ditandai dengan imbuhan Me-, memper-, memper-kan,  me-i, memper-I, me-kan dan verba intransitif ditandai dengan Verba dasar, dan imbuhan  ber-, ber-kan, ter-, ke-an.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals ANALISIS KONTRASTIF KONSTRUKSI PASIF BAHASA JAWA KUNA DAN BAHASA JAWA (STUDI KASUS PRASASTI HARIÑJIŊ)

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Churmatin Nasoichah ◽  
Nfn Mulyadi
Keyword(s):  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Austronesian Languages ◽  
Passive Construction ◽  
Contrast Method ◽  
Sentence Patterns ◽  
Passive Sentence ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Sentence Subject ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

Passive sentence is a sentence subject to accept or subject to action. There are two languages which also have passive sentences, namely Javanese and Old Javanese. Before the Javanese language developed, it was known as Old Javanese. Old Javanese as one of the derivatives of Austronesian languages is a language that has very old literature. By studying the Hariñjiŋ A, B, C Inscriptions as one of the proofs of the use of Old Javanese language, the research was carried out with contrastive analysis, namely comparing it with Javanese. The problem is how do passive constructs in Old Javanese language (the case study of Hariñjiŋ A, B, CInscriptions) and Javanese when viewed using contrastive analysis? The purpose is to describe passive construction in Old Javanese (a case study on the Hariñjiŋ A, B, C Inscriptions) and Javanese inscriptions and compare the two sentence patterns. The method of this research is descriptive qualitative by using a descriptive comparative contrast method which aims to provide an overview of passive sentences and find differences. The conclusions are that the construction of passive sentences in Old Javanese (in the writing of the Hariñjiŋ A, B and C Inscriptions) has a transitive passive and intransitive passive form which is the same as Javanese. The passive form is indicated by a kiks prefix, a combination of affix-in, a combination of affixes, a combination of ma-affixes, and infix -in-. Whereas the Javanese language is only known to be a prefix, di- -ni, and di-confix, or to be deunned. It can be concluded also that passive sentence Javanese is not derived from Old Javanese but rather has an influence from Malay which is the forerunner of Indonesian. Kalimat Pasif merupakan sebuah kalimat subjek menerima atau dikenai aksi. Terdapat dua bahasa yang juga memiliki bentuk kalimat pasif, yaitu bahasa Jawa dan bahasa Jawa Kuna. Sebelum bahasa Jawa berkembang, telah dikenal adanya bahasa Jawa Kuna. Bahasa Jawa Kuna sebagai salah satu turunan dari bahasa Austronesia adalah bahasa yang mempunyai kesusastraan yang sangat tua. Dengan mengkaji Prasasti Hariñjiŋ A, B, C sebagai salah satu bukti adanya penggunaan bahasa Jawa Kuna, penelitian dilakukan dengan analisis kontrastif yaitu membandingkannya dengan bahasa Jawa. Adapun permasalahannya adalah bagaimanakah konstruksi pasif pada bahasa Jawa Kuna (studi kasus Prasasti Hariñjiŋ A, B, C) dan bahasa Jawa apabila dilihat dengan menggunakan analisis kontrastif? Adapun tujuannya untuk mendeskripsikan konstruksi pasif dalam bahasa Jawa Kuna (studi kasus pada Prasasti Hariñjiŋ A, B, C) dan bahasa Jawa serta membandingkan kedua pola kalimat tersebut. Metode penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif komparatif kontras yang bertujuan memberikan gambaran tentang bentuk kalimat pasif serta menemukan perbedaannya. Adapun kesimpulannya adalah konstruksi kalimat pasif dalam bahasa Jawa Kuna (dalam penulisan Prasasti Hariñjiŋ A, B, dan C) memiliki bentuk pasif transitif dan juga pasif intransitif yang sama dengan bahasa Jawa. Bentuk pasifnya ditandai dengan prefiks ka-, kombinasi afiks -in- -an, kombinasi afiks -in- -akan, kombinasi afiks ma- -akĕn, dan infiks -in-. Sedangkan bahasa Jawa hanya diketahui prefiks di-, konfiks di- -ni, dan konfiks di- -ne, atau dipun- -aken. Dapat disimpulkan juga bahwa kalimat penanda pasif bahasa Jawa bukan diturunkan dari bahasa Jawa Kuna melainkan mendapat pengaruh dari bahasa Melayu yang merupakan cikal bakal bahasa Indonesia.

scholarly journals What’s in the Middle?

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-23
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Horrocks
Keyword(s):  
Language Learners ◽  
Great Difficulty ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Morphological Form ◽  
Middle Voice ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Self Interest

It has long been taken for granted in reference works, grammars and elementary introductions that Ancient Greek had three grammatical voices, active, passive and middle. Yet scholars have always had great difficulty in characterising the middle voice in a straightforward and convincing way, and language learners are often perplexed to find that most of the middles they find in texts fail to exemplify the function, usually involving some notion of self interest, that is typically ascribed to this voice. This article therefore re-examines the Ancient Greek middle, both through the lens of a general survey of “middle voice” functions across languages, and through the analysis of all the medio-passive verb forms attested in Book 1 of Plato’s Republic.  The principal observations are that Ancient Greek middles do not represent a regular pattern of usage either from a typological point of view or as employed specifically in Republic 1 (the database is in fact partly extended to other works). Accordingly, the main conclusion is that the Ancient Greek middle is not a grammatical voice sensu stricto, i.e. a regular syntactic alternation applying to all verbs with a given set of properties and expressed by a regular morphological form with a predictable semantic function. Rather, it appears to be a convenient collective name for a large set of “autonomous” verb forms that are either clearly deponent (i.e., have no active counterparts) or that have been lexicalised in a specialised meaning vis-à-vis their supposed active counterparts (i.e., are also deponents in practice, despite appearances). In all probability, therefore, medio-passive morphology, whatever it once represented in terms of function, was recharacterised prehistorically as “passive” morphology, leaving a residue of verbs exhibiting forms with non-passive functions. Presumably, these survived as “middles” only because they had no active counterparts or had been assigned innovative meanings that distinguished them from any formally related actives.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KONTRASTIF PEMBENTUKAN VERBA BAHASA ARAB DAN BAHASA INDONESIA SERTA IMPLIKASINYA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 258
Author(s):  
Isra Mirdayanti ◽  
Najmuddin Abd. Safa ◽  
Kaharuddin Kaharuddin
Keyword(s):  
Arabic Language ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Verb Phrases ◽  
Semantic Concepts ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Collection Methods

The construction Arabic dan Indonesian verbs within implication of learning Arabic language. The purpose of this study is to describe the process of formation of verbs Arabic and Indonesian, analyzing the difference between the two processes and outlines the implications of the differences in Arabic and Indonesian verb formation on Arabic learning. This research includes qualitative research. The data in this study are written data, whether published in articles, papers, books, and those contained in other writings related to the formation of verbs Arabic and Indonesian language and learning Arabic. The data collection methods used to refer to the technical note. The data collected in this study were analyzed using contrastive analysis. The results of this study describe the formation of Arabic verbs through internal modification and affixation, while the formation of verbs in the Indonesian language is done through affixation, reduplication and composition. The significant difference between the two is that the formation of verbs in Arabic is always related to time, quantity, and gender so as to reveal time, different numbers or genders are expressed grammatically through verb changes, whereas the formation of verbs in Indonesian is not related to time, and gender so as to reveal semantic concepts of time, quantity, and gender are lexically represented accompanying verbs to form verb phrases without altering their verb forms. The differences between them have implications for the Arabic learning process, namely the emergence of difficulties faced by Arabic learners.

scholarly journals CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF TENSE AND ASPECT IN ENGLISH AND INDONESIAN LANGUAGE

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 131-145
Author(s):  
Ana Ratna Sari ◽  
Bejo Sutrisno
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Scientific Paper ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Tense And Aspect ◽  
Analysis Theory ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Finite Verb

This study aims to find out the comparison between English and Indonesian terms of finite verb form, tense and aspect. Language is the medium used by human to convey the contents of their minds. Language is also an object of study in educational institutions. Examples of interesting language to study and learn are English and Indonesian language, because each of them has distinct characteristics. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative study.  The result of this study shows that there are four groups of verb forms in English: simple, continuous, perfect and perfect continuous forms. Each of the groups has present, past, and future forms. This scientific paper will contribute empirical data from English and Indonesian language that will support contrastive analysis theory.

scholarly journals تغيرات الزيادة العربية والإندونيسية و تأديّتها في تعليم اللغة العربية

Abjadia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhamad Isbah Habibii
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
First Language ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
National Language ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Language Analysis ◽  
Level Of Difficulty ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

<p>منذ 28 أكتوبر 1928 تكون اللغة الإندونيسية لغة رسمية في الإندونيسيا، وهي من اللغات الأوسترونية. ويبدو واضحا من الاختلافات الأنفة الذكر أنها يسبب لأخطأ دارس اللغة العربية. الدارس كثيراما يبدأ الأخطأ في عملية تدريس اللغة العربية. ومن بين اسباب الأخطأ هي خصائص اللغة الثانية أو لغة الهدف لا توجد في لغته الأم. أما المنهج الذي انتجته الباحثة في هذه الدراسة فهو البحث الوصفي والمنهج البحث المكتبي والميداني، ولتحقيقه استخدم هذا البحث البحث الإجرائي. ونتائج هذا البحث قسمان. الأول: وجوه التشبّهات و الإختلافات: فوجوه التشبّهات توجد 10 تشبّهات. ووجوه الإختلافات توجد 25 إختلافات. والثاني: تأديّته في تعليم اللغة العربية. أ) إن وجوه الإختلافات تؤدي إلى مواجهة الصعوبة في مهارة الكتابة. فينبغي للمدرس أن يختار وجوه التشبّهات؛ ب) هذه التقايلية كالأساس في صياغ التقنيق التعليمي في تعليم اللغة العربية ل سيما في ترتيب المواد اللغة لتكون سهلة ولائقة حسب المستوى</p><p>Since October 28, 1928, Indonesian language is officially used by the Indonesian as national language. And when viewed from the clump of this language includes Austronesian based on the classification, and Arabic language includes semid based on the classification. This difference of classification leads to errors in learners’  language. Such as the first language fragmentation of a second language (Arabic) which is also called Interference language. To analyze this research,  the researcher used contrastive analysis. The instruments used in this study are documentation, observation and interviews. The results of this study are divided into two poin, including: similarities and differences Affix Arabic And Indonesian. The first: aspect of the similarities there are ten similarities, and aspects of the two aspects of difference there are twenty-five differences. Second: The implication in maharah kitabah are: a) The contrastive analysis can be used to predict the mistakes of students studying foreign languages. The points of difference in each of the first and second language levels will give students difficulties in learning the second language. Preferably the same items will make it easier for students to learn a second language; b) The contrastive analysis can provide a comprehensive and consistent contribution and as a means of controlling the preparation of teaching materials and second language lessons efficiently. By comparison of differences in each level of language analysis, the material can be arranged according to the level of difficulty of each level.</p><p>Sejak tanggal 28 Oktober 1928, bahasa Indonesia resmi digunakan oleh bangsa Indonesia sebagai bahasa nasional. Jika dilihat dari rumpunnya, bahasa ini termasuk rumpun bahasa Austronesia. Sedangkan bahasa Arab merupakan bahasa Semit. Perbedaan rumpun ini menyebabkan terjadinya kesalahan-kesalahan pada para pelajar bahasa tersebut seperti pergesekan bahasa pertama terhadap bahasa kedua (bahasa Arab) yang disebut juga dengan Interferensi bahasa. Peneliti menggunakan analisis kontrastif. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah dokumentasi, observasi dan wawancara. Adapun hasil penelitian ini terbagi menjadi dua, diantaranya: 1) Persamaan dan perbedaan afiksasi dalam bahasa Arab dan Indonesia. Terdapat sepuluh persamaan, meliputi faidah afiksasi dalam kedua bahasa. Selain itu, terdapat dua puluh lima perbedaan meliputi faidah afiksasi yang ada dalam kedua bahasa. 2) Implikasi Anakon terhadap maharah kitabah adalah: a) anakon dapat digunakan untuk meramal kesalahan siswa mempelajari bahasa asing atau bahasa kedua. Butir-butir perbedaan dalam tiap-tiap tataran bahasa pertama dan kedua memberikan kesulitan kepada para siswa dalam mempelajari bahasa kedua itu. Sebaiknya, guru menggunakan butir-butir yang sama untuk mempermudah siswa mempelajari bahasa kedua;  b) anakon dapat memberikan satu sumbangan yang menyeluruh dan konsisten sebagai alat pengendali penyusunan materi pengajaran dan pelajaran bahasa kedua secara efisien. Dengan membandingkan perbedaan pada setiap tataran analisis bahasa, bahan ajar dapat disusun sesuai dengan tingkat kesulitan masing-masing tataran</p>

KALIMAT PASIF DALAM BAHASA INGGRISDAN BAHASA INDONESIA: SUATU ANALISIS KONTRASTIF

Jurnal KATA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Nova Mustika
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Past Participle ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
General Acceptance ◽  
English Grammar ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Passive Sentence ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

<p><em>Contrastive analysis is a method that can be used to help the difficulties of a teacher in teaching a second language to their students, where learning a second language is strongly influenced by the mastery of the mother tongue. The purpose of this article is to describe comparison of passive sentences in Indonesian and English. The method of this research is descriptive qualitative to provide an overview of the form of the passive sentence and find differences and similarities between passive sentencesin Indonesian and English. Examples was created by the author herself taking into account the level of general acceptance by referring to the book of Tata Bahasa Indonesian and English Grammar. Passive sentences in Indonesian are characterized by use of the "di-", "ter" or "ke-". While in English it used “to be + V3 (Past participle)" which is based on the tenses used (time of occurrence). After comparing passive sentences in Indonesian and English, the author  found similarities and differences.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p><em>Analisis kontrastif merupakan suatu cara yang dapat digunakan untuk membantu kesulitan seorang pengajardalam mengajarkan bahasa kedua kepada para siswanya, di mana dalam mempelajari bahasa kedua sangat dipengaruhi oleh penguasaan bahasa ibu. Tujuan artikel ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan perbandingan kalimat pasif dalam bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Inggris. </em><em>Metode penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif komparatif-kontras yang bertujuan memberikan gambaran tentang bentuk kalimat pasif serta menemukan perbedaan dan persamaan kalimat pasif bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Inggris. Contoh dibuat oleh penulis sendiri dengan mempertimbangkan tingkat keberterimaan secara umum dengan merujuk kepada buku Tata Bahasa Indonesia dan Grammar Bahasa Inggris. </em><em>Kalimat pasif dalam bahasa Indonesia dilihat dari strukturnya menggunakan “di-”, “ter-” ataupun “ke-”. Sementara dalam bahasa Inggris hanya mengenal “to be+ </em><em>V3 (Past Participle)</em><em>” yang </em><em>berdasarkankepada tenses yang digunakan (waktu kejadian)</em><em>. Setelah </em><em>membandingkan</em><em> kalimat pasif dalam bahasa Indonesia dan </em><em>b</em><em>ahasa Inggris, penulis telah menemukan persamaan dan perbedaan</em><em>nya</em><em>. </em><em></em></p><p><em><br /></em></p>

A Contrastive Analysis of the Use of Verb Forms in English and Arabic

Language ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Hassan Gaballa ◽  
Nayef Kharma
Keyword(s):  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Verb Forms

Bribri media tantum verbs and the rise of labile syntax

Linguistics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Pacchiarotti ◽  
Leonid Kulikov
Keyword(s):  
Passive Voice ◽  
Transitive Verb ◽  
Active Voice ◽  
Middle Voice ◽  
Small Subgroup ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Intransitive Verbs

Abstract In this article, we first show that the Bribri (Chibchan) middle voice suffix -r derives passive voice from active transitive and agentive intransitive verbs, as well as anticausative verbs from nominal and adjectival roots. Second, we focus on five media tantum verbs, i.e., forms that synchronically carry the -r suffix and have no counterpart without -r. Unlike most other verbs, these five forms are labile, i.e., they can occur in syntactically intransitive and transitive constructions with no (supra-)segmental change. After describing the valence patterns in which Bribri media tantum labile (MTL) verbs occur, we investigate whether: (i) their non-absolutive arguments behave like ergative phrases; and whether (ii) MTL verb forms in two-argument constructions behave like active voice transitive verb stems. Third, we outline a hitherto unnoticed diachronic path for the rise of lability in a small subgroup of Bribri media tantum verbs.

scholarly journals INTERFERENSI POLA KALIMAT BAHASA INDONESIA TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN BERBICARA BAHASA JERMAN SISWA

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahmayana Rahmayana ◽  
Mantasiah R ◽  
Hasmawati Hasmawati ◽  
Muddin Muddin
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Sentence Patterns ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia ◽  
Speaking Skills

The purpose of this study was to find out how to use Indonesian sentence patterns on German speaking skills in class XI students of SMA 2 Bantaeng. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The population of this study were all students of class XI SMA 2 Bantaeng. The sample in the study amounted to 32 students. The data obtained were analyzed using percentage techniques. The results of the data analysis showed that the interference with the use of Indonesian sentence patterns on students' German speaking skills was 11.4%.

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