scholarly journals The Translation Procedures of Bible Translation

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-196
Author(s):  
Ni Wayan Swarniti
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
The Other ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Bible Translation ◽  
Componential Analysis ◽  
Functional Equivalent ◽  
Informal Method

Different procedures of translation are needed to analyze new testament bible of Mark’s gospel. The problems always come if new testament bible of Mark’s gospel from source language unknown in target language conceptly. The data sources of this research were taken from new testament of Mark’s gospel. The technique used in collecting the data was content analysis. The data were analyzed clearly based on the theory of translation procedures by Newmark (1988b). In presenting the data, it was used formal and informal method. According to the results, it can be concluded that found 11 procedures of translation, namely: Transference, Cultural Equivalent, Functional Equivalent, Descriptive Equivalent, Synonymy, Shifts or Transpositions, Modulation, Compensation, Paraphrase, Couplets, and Notes. Based on the results of the analysis, it was not found 4 procedures of translation, namely: Naturalization, Componential Analysis, Through-Translation, and Recognized Translation. The procedures of translation in new testament bible of Mark’s gospel mostly used were shifts or transposition, modulation, and synonymy. The data of shifts or transposition found were 136 of 636 data (21%). It can be concluded that actually holy text often applied shifts or transposition to make the process of translating text easily. In the other word, it was used different form from source text to translate into target text and it was applied also the words in target text that has similar meaning in source text,

scholarly journals Discovering the Other through the Translation of Idiomatic Expressions by Idiomatic Equivalents: The Case of Arabic into French

2021 ◽  
pp. 238-256
Author(s):  
Amal Arrame
Keyword(s):  
Arabic Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Original Version ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Communication Situation ◽  
Idiomatic Expressions

Translation is not simple transpositions operations or transcoding processes from one language to another, it involves complex mental processes where linguistics alone cannot be sufficient. It is a communication situation between two languages, Arabic and French in this case, where the objective of the translator is the transmission of his final product in a clear way, respecting the meaning and the author intention of the original version. Translation of phrases is a real dilemma for translators; however, it turns out that it is a necessity in order to discover the other, and to try to keep the same effect as the source text by giving it a stylistic touch typical to the target language. To this end, we have carefully chosen the corpus that we have translated. A corpus that reflects the originality of the Arabic language and the possibility of reducing the linguistic, cultural and discursive gaps between Arabic and French through translation. The translation processes we have chosen, take into account the target language, French in this case, its idioms, phrases and proverbs inventory, its particularity and, finally, its ability to comprehend the idea contained in the idioms of the source language.

scholarly journals A Thing-bound Approach to the Practice and Teaching of Technical Translation

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Folkart
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Strategies ◽  
Extreme Case ◽  
The Other ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Technical Translation ◽  
Hybrid Forms

Abstract The raison d'être of the technical text is in the access it affords to its referents. It follows that technical translation involves reverbalizing these referents rather than mapping semiotic structures from source-to target-language, as is the case with the other, more "hybrid" forms of discourse, in which functions of language other than the purely referential play a role. The source-language formulation is thus relatively unimportant. In the extreme case, which is not necessarily that of a poorly written source text, it can even be bypassed altogether, the translator drawing his information from the non-linguistic segments of the source text (equations, diagrams and the like) and verbalizing it directly in the target language.For Ivan Hirst, from whom I learned most of what I know about technical translation. The technical translator's stock in trade is an in-depth understanding of the referent. The following article proposes a number of teaching strategies designed to sensitize non-specialist students to the importance of the referent, to help them acquire the minimal background they will need to deal with texts in a given field and to enable them to reduce technical texts to their underlying referents.

scholarly journals Bridging Pragmatic Gap in Translation Process through Developing Pragmatic Awareness

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Vahid Rafieyan
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
The Other ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Translation Quality ◽  
Pragmatic Awareness ◽  
Positive Effect

<p>In order for the translator to be able to translate the source text into the target language in a relevant way, the strata of the translated text through which relevance can be obtained (pragmatic, pragmatic-semantic, and semantic strata) should be equalized to that of the source text (Li &amp; Luo, 2004). The translator can achieve this by raising his/her awareness of the source and target language pragmatic perspectives. To investigate the actual effect of developing knowledge of pragmatic perspectives of the source language and the target language on the quality of translation of culture-bound texts, the current study was conducted on 64 Iranian undergraduate students of English translation. The study consisted of three phases: 1) administering a culture-bound text to be translated by all participants, 2) dividing participants into two groups: one merely receiving translation exercises while the other receiving metapragmatic discussions of the pragmatic perspectives of the source language along with translation exercises, and 3) assessing the translation quality of both groups immediately and two months following the treatment. The study revealed the significant positive effect of pragmatic instruction on improving the quality of translation of culture-bound texts and maintaining the obtained knowledge. The pedagogical implications of the findings suggested incorporating the pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic perspectives of the source language and their distinctions with the pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic perspectives of the target language into translation classes as an integral part of translation classes.</p>

scholarly journals Translation Procedures in Translating Proper Names from English into Indonesian

HUMANIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 386
Author(s):  
Ni Putu Devi Lestari ◽  
I Made Winaya ◽  
I Gst. Ayu Gede Sosiowati
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
Informal Method ◽  
Translation Procedure

Translation procedure is a procedure or a method to translate the unit of language from the source language to the target language. Every linguistic part needs to be translated. It means including the proper names in the literary work. This study is aimed at identifying and analyzing the types of the proper name and their translation procedures in the novel entitled Pembunuhan di Orient Express. The problems in this study are discussed based on the theory of proper name and the theory of the translation procedure by Newmark (1988). The method used to collect the data was documentation method. This study applied the descriptive qualitative method in analyzing the data. The result of the analysis was presented using an informal method. The analysis showed three types of proper names in the data sources. They are people’s names, the name of an object, and the geographical term. The translator uses seven methods from 18 translation procedures that were proposed by Newmark (1988). 

scholarly journals Wieloaspektowość międzyjęzykowej ekwiwalencji stałych połączeń wyrazowych a ujęcie onomazjologiczne na przykładzie frazeologizmów typu tęga głowa

2020 ◽  
pp. 333-355
Author(s):  
Joanna Szerszunowicz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Lexical Item ◽  
The Other ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Multiword Expressions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Minor Significance ◽  
The Cross

The aim of this paper is to discuss the usefulness and reliability of the onomasiological approach in the cross-linguistic analysis of fixed multiword expressions based on the example of Polish phrases coined according to the model: ADJECTIVENOM FEM SING + GŁOWA ‘HEAD’ and their English and Italian counterparts. The three corpora are constituted by expressions registered in general and phraseological dictionaries of the respective languages to ensure that the units belong to the canon of Polish, English and Italian phraseological stock. The analysis of units collected for the purpose of the study clearly shows that in order to determine the true picture of cross-linguistic equivalence, the study should be focused on semantics of analysed phrases. Furthermore, the formal aspectmay be of minor significance in some cases due to the similarity of imagery of a source language idiom and the target language lexical item. On the other hand, stylistic value may have a great impact on the relation of cross-linguistic correspondence of the analysed units.

scholarly journals TRANSLATION PROBLEMS WITHIN THE EU CONTEXT

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Indra Grietēna
Keyword(s):  
Written Language ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Source Language ◽  
General Aspects ◽  
The University ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Interference Problems ◽  
State Language

The paper reviews publications by Latvian linguists looking at the main translation problems within the context of the EU between 2005 and 2010. The author analyses the publications from three aspects: general aspects of translation problems and practices within the EU context, particular translation problems, and methodological publications providing guidelines for translators working within the EU context. The author reveals discussions on the ways translation influences language in general, the role of the source language for the development of the target language, and the role and responsibility of a translator at the ‘historical crossroads’. The article discusses a number of EU-specific translation problems, including source language interference, problems of the translator’s visibility and a translation’s transparency, ‘false friends’, and linguistic and contextual untranslatability. The author briefly summarizes the contents of guidelines and manuals for translators working within the EU context, highlighting the main differences between English and Latvian written language practices, literal (word-for-word) translation and the translator’s relationship with the source text. The publications selected and analysed have been published either in conference proceedings or in academic journals from the leading Latvian institutions in the field of translation: Ventspils University College, the University of Latvia, the State Language Commission of Latvia and Translation and Terminology Centre of Latvia.

Terjemahan syat Mutashabihat: snalisis fungsi prosedur kksplisitasi

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-170
Author(s):  
Nasimah Abdullah ◽  
Lubna Abd. Rahman ◽  
Abur Hamdi Usman
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Text Content

A mutashabihat verse (anthropomorphism) is a verse that contains many interpretations as it has various dimensions of meaning. Explicitation is one of the translation procedures introduced by Vinay and Darbelnet as an effort to make the target language readers understand clearly the implicit meaning contained in the source text. In other words, the implicit meaning contained in the source text can be revealed into the target text through this procedure. A translator whose role is to transfer the meaning of source text is always bounded by a certain ideology that will influence his translation works. This study aims to examine the forms of explicitation used in the translation of the mutashabihat verses in the Quran and relate them to translators’ ideologies. This study adopted a qualitative approach that led to the analysis of text content of the Quran, which is elaborated descriptively by selecting three (3) words found in the text of the Quran that is related to Allah, as the sample of the study which are )يد( ,)استوى( and (أعين ). The corpus texts used are the Malay Quran translation by Abdullah Basmeih, Mahmud Yunus, and Zaini Dahlan. The findings showed that the translation of the mutashabihat verses used various forms of explicitation to enhance a clearer understanding of the target readers to the meaning of the Qur'an, such as lexical specification, the addition of explanatory remarks, additional information in brackets and footnotes. In addition, studies found that Mahmud Yunus and Zaini Dahlan retained the meaning of translated mutashabihat verses literally without giving an esoteric interpretation of the Quran and sometimes inclined towards the ideology of al-Ta’wil. On the other hand, Abdullah Basmeih was more prone to the ideologies of al-Ta’wil and al-Ithbat bi Dawabit in translating the verses. ABSTRAK Ayat mutashabihat ialah ayat yang mengandungi banyak pentafsiran kerana mempunyai pelbagai dimensi makna. Eksplisitasi pula ialah salah satu prosedur terjemahan yang diperkenalkan oleh Vinay dan Darbelnet sebagai usaha agar pembaca bahasa sasaran memahami dengan jelas makna implisit yang terkandung di dalam teks sumber. Melalui prosedur ini, bentuk makna implisit yang terkandung di dalam teks sumber dapat dizahirkan ke dalam teks sasaran. Penterjemah selaku pihak yang memainkan peranan dalam memindahkan makna sebenarnya sentiasa terikat dengan ideologi tertentu yang akan mewarnai teks sasaran yang dihasilkannya. Kajian ini bertujuan meneliti bentuk eksplisitasi yang terdapat dalam terjemahan ayat-ayat mutashabihat dalam al-Quran serta menghubungkaitkannya dengan pengaruh aliran pemikiran yang dipegang oleh penterjemah. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang menjurus kepada analisis kandungan teks al-Quran yang dihurai secara deskriptif dengan memilih tiga (3) perkataan yang dinisbahkan kepada Allah SWT yang terdapat dalam teks al-Quran sebagai sampel kajian iaitu lafaz )ىوتسا(, )دي( dan (أعين ). Korpus kajian pula adalah teks al-Quran yang diterjemahkan oleh Abdullah Basmeih, Mahmud Yunus dan Zaini Dahlan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa terjemahan ayat-ayat mutashabihat menggunakan pelbagai bentuk eksplisitasi untuk memberi kefahaman yang lebih jelas kepada pembaca sasaran terhadap makna al-Quran iaitu bentuk pengkhususan, penambahan maklumat, maklumat tambahan dalam kurungan dan nota kaki. Selain itu, kajian juga mendapati bahawa Mahmud Yunus dan Zaini Dahlan mengekalkan makna literal teks al-Quran tanpa takwilan dan kadang-kadang condong kepada aliran pemikiran al-Ta’wil dalam menterjemahkan ayat mutashabihat. Manakala Abdullah Basmeih pula lebih cenderung kepada aliran pemikiran al-Takwil dan al-Ithbat bi Dawabit dalam memberikan maksud ayat mutashabihat.

Revising Biblical Translation: Luther's Lexical Choices in Matthew between 1522 (Septembertestament) and 1545, Compared with the Greek Source Text

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-246
Author(s):  
Geoffrey S. Koby
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Gospel Of Matthew ◽  
Martin Luther ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Text ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Greek Source ◽  
Biblical Translation ◽  
Over Time

After Martin Luther first translated and published the New Testament in 1522, he immediately began the work of revision—work that would last through his lifetime and beyond. Working with a group of biblical scholars, he made thousands of changes to the text, continuing until his death in 1546. Although some critics have seen Luther's earlier language as vulgar and coarse—particularly in the Gospels— and have suggested that he refined his language over time, others suggest that a more differentiated view is necessary. This article examines the lexical differences in the Gospel of Matthew between the Septembertestament of 1522 and the last Bible published during Luther's lifetime, in 1545. Major lexical changes are compared with the Greek source text, and assigned to three major classes: (I) changes that bring the translation closer to the original Greek meaning; (II) changes that diverge from a close rendering of the source text, for comprehension or esthetic reasons; and (III) changes that are neutral with regard to the source, originating from target language (German) considerations. Most major changes arise from either the source text or understandability considerations. The original lexical choices in the 1522 version are not as coarse or extreme as some have suggested.

scholarly journals ISSUES IN TRANSLATION OF BALINESE CULTURAL TERMS INTO ENGLISH

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Kadek Putri Yamayanti
Keyword(s):  
Target Language ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Componential Analysis ◽  
Translation Equivalent ◽  
Degree Of Equivalence ◽  
Cultural Terms ◽  
Binary Features ◽  
Target Languages ◽  
Basic Semantic

This descriptive qualitative study investigates translation equivalent of Balinese cultural terms into English. It is based on the understanding that cultural terms belong to salient part in dealing with translation due to the cultural gap between source and target languages. Therefore, this study is conducted in order to find out the degree of equivalence between Balinese cultural terms and their translations into English in the book entitled Memahami Roh Bali �Desa Adat sebagai Ikon Tri Hita Karana� and its translation in Discovering the Spirit of Bali �Customary Village as Icon of Tri Hita Karana�. In finding the degree of equivalence, componential analysis especially the binary features was applied in terms of confirming the semantic features. The result showed that all translated cultural terms have no exact synonymy into source language. Some semantic features do not occur in target language as a result of lack terms in target language. The translator tends to replace cultural terms in source language into appropriate terms in target language based on his knowledge and experiences even in some cases, it shows the loss and gain information. However, overall, those translated cultural terms still can share some basic semantic features of the source language.Keywords: cultural term; semantic features; equivalence.

scholarly journals INDONESIAN TO ENGLISH SINGABLE TRANSLATIONS BY LOCAL AND FOREIGN TRANSLATORS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-234
Author(s):  
Andika Wijaya ◽  
Gloria Christine Setiyowati
Keyword(s):  
Target Language ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Song Lyric ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Descriptive Method

Song lyric translation is important because in these recent decades people can access songs worldwide. The aim of this research is to gain an understanding of the difference between singable translations made by an Indonesian translator and a foreign translator by investigating what translation procedures and methods occur in two translated songs from Indonesian to English using qualitative descriptive method. The result of this research indicates that the singable translation made by a foreign translator is more identical to the source language (SL) compared to the one made by an Indonesian translator. However, despite the differences, the two translated songs share something in common, for instance the singability and the length of lyrics. Taking the findings into consideration, it could be said that the foreign translator is more faithful to the source text (ST), while the Indonesian translator emphasizes the target language (TL) more.

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