scholarly journals Determination of modeled costs at sewage treatment plants in the case of different sequences of treatment

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1077-1087
Author(s):  
Nikolay A. Makisha
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Submerged Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Cost

Introduction. The article considers the definition of the key components of operating costs at wastewater treatment plants with a capacity of 1 to 100 thousand cubic meters per day by modeling using specialized software. Materials and methods. In the study, two technological cleaning schemes were investigated — the conventional line-up with biological aeration reactor and secondary clarifier and the scheme of biological aeration reactor with submerged membrane bioreactor for sludge separation. The other structures for the two facilities were identical. Since it was important to obtain results that could be used at real facilities, the values of concentrations of major pollutants typical for urban wastewater before treatment, as well as technological parameters of operation, were used as initial data for calculations. Results. As the results of calculations, the values of concentrations of pollutants in wastewater after treatment using both technological schemes and the values of the required volumes for the arrangement of biological treatment facilities and the area occupied by them were obtained and analyzed. Operating costs were considered in terms of electricity costs for the operation of biological treatment facilities and treatment facilities in General, as well as the specific cost of electricity for treatment 1 m3 of wastewater. In addition, the cost of purchasing membrane modules was calculated, which can be classified as operational due their replacement frequency of approximately every 7–10 years. Conclusions. The results of the study showed that application of membrane technologies at the stage of secondary treatment could have a significant potential for the reconstruction of wastewater treatment plants in conditions of increased productivity and limited opportunities for expanding the area.

Automation of a Petroleum Refinery Wastewater Treatment Plant:A Case Study

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-462
Author(s):  
Robert J. Shantz ◽  
Virginia B. Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Control System ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Computer Control System ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Labor Requirements

Abstract Historically, automation was not considered for wastewater treatment plants because it did not significantly affect operating costs, and manual plant operation was considered acceptable. Despite past practices, the BP Oil Refinery at Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania set a new standard when they began upgrading their wastewater facility in 1985. By automating the plant, they ensured safe, reliable operation with minimum labor requirements, process optimization, and long-term reductions in operating costs. Major design features included: a distributed computer control system with monitoring and supervisory capabilities; high-quality control system instruments; control system components; and redundancy and backup to support operation if a component or power failure occurs. In addition, design control philosophies remained consistent from predesign to startup. This advanced wastewater treatment plant can serve as a model for automation of future industrial treatment facilities.

scholarly journals The present situation and trends of wastewater treatment in small settlements and rural areas of Lithuania

2019 ◽  
pp. 243-250
Author(s):  
Regimantas Dauknys
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Biological Filters ◽  
Activated Sludge Systems

This article presents the wastewater treatment in small settlements and rural areas ofLithuania, including descriptions of capacity and loading of wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs), types of treatment facilities, and development trends of biological treatmentfacilities. In 2000 Lithuania had 597 WWTPs with capacity up to 1000 m3/d, 95% of them arethe biological treatment plants. Today the most of these WWTPs are unloaded due to thetendency to centralise wastewater treatment in rural areas of Lithuania that were in the eightand ninth decades.In small settlements and rural areas of Lithuania the aeration facilities are predominant. In theeight and ninth decades practically only the activated sludge systems were built. The situationbegan to change in the last decade of the last century: the biological filters and soil filtrationfacilities with discharge into surface waters were applied more frequently, so the building ofaeration facilities started to decrease.

scholarly journals Modern methods for surface wastewater treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 09020
Author(s):  
Oleg Primin ◽  
Galina Varyushina
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Surface Water Treatment ◽  
State Of Water ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Technical Solutions

The article gives the characteristics of the system of removal and purification of surface wastewater in Moscow. One of the features of this system is the large-scale use of hydrographic network of the city as elements of the drainage network. Currently improvement of the ecological state of water objects is only possible if to reduce anthropogenic load on them and watersheds, to recover self-cleaning abilities of water bodies and the to protect groundwater from contamination. The article reveals results of research, and contains technological parameters for facilities of surface sewage water purification and recommendations to improve their operation. Article also gives technical solutions to upgrade operated wastewater treatment systems and to ensure the achievement of required standards of treatment of surface runoff when dilution in water. Along with proposals for the reconstruction and construction of wastewater treatment plants with the classical technology of surface water treatment, it is necessary to consider the principle of decentralization with the use of local treatment facilities.

scholarly journals Operating costs and energy demand of wastewater treatment plants in Austria: benchmarking results of the last 10 years

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 2620-2626 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Haslinger ◽  
S. Lindtner ◽  
J. Krampe
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Size Groups ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
The Cost

This work presents operating costs and energy consumption of Austrian municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) (≥10,000 PE-design capacity) that have been classified into different size groups. Different processes as well as cost elements are investigated and processes with high relevance regarding operating costs and energy consumption are identified. Furthermore, the work shows the cost-relevance of six investigated cost elements. The analysis demonstrates the size-dependency of operating costs and energy consumption. For the examination of the energy consumption the investigated WWTPs were further classified into WWTPs with aerobic sludge stabilisation and WWTPs with mesophilic sludge digestion. The work proves that energy consumption depends mainly on the type of sludge stabilisation. The results of the investigation can help to determine reduction potential in operating costs and energy consumption of WWTPs and form a basis for more detailed analysis which helps to identify cost and energy saving potential.

Operational Indicators to Manage the Replacement of Electromechanical Equipment in Wastewater Treatment Facilities

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Vicent Hernández-Chover ◽  
Lledó Castellet-Viciano ◽  
Francesc Hernández-Sancho
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Replacement Policy ◽  
Optimal Management ◽  
Specific Domain ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Acquisition Costs ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Electromechanical Equipment

Optimal management is usually at the top of the concerns in the context of water infrastructures. In the specific domain of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), European Directive 91/271 established the need of implementing a biological treatment of wastewater leading to an intensive construction of WWTPs in several European countries, which now present important problems of maintenance. These facilities are composed of different types of assets, which should be managed efficiently in order to optimize the performance of the processes as well as the maintenance and replacement costs of the equipment. In fact, the deterioration of these assets increases the operational risk and endangers the continuity of the service of these WWTPs. In this paper, the authors combine multicriteria methodologies (MCDM) and economic aspects of the equipment to define an appropriate technical–economical replacement policy. With the aim of developing a reference procedure in the wastewater sector, an approach has been made to blower pump, which is an equipment widely used in WWTPs to provide a continuous air flow to the reactor facilitating the elimination of organic matter and the nutrients contained in the wastewater. The proposal integrates aspects such as acquisition costs and corrective maintenance, interest rate, and amortization based on the condition of the equipment.

Cogeneration plants to compensate for the needs of wastewater treatment facilities in energy resources

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-49
Author(s):  
В.И. Баженов ◽  
А.В. Устюжанин ◽  
Е.А. Королева
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Treatment Facilities

Актуальность работы связана с повышением эффективности использования энергоресурсов. Начало реализованных объектов водопроводно-канализационного хозяйства с когенерацией относится к 2009 г.: АО «Мосводоканал» (Курьяновские и Люберецкие очистные сооружения, мощность по 10 МВт), АО «Водоканал» г. Иваново (2,55 МВт), МУП «Водоканал» г. Череповца (2,4 МВт). Стоимость жизненного цикла определялась на основе эксплуатационных затрат при ограничении условиями самоокупаемости проектов. Эксплуатационные затраты включали: газ, электроэнергию, тепловую энергию, расходы на запчасти, масло, персонал и др. Использование газопоршневых установок когенерации для компенсации потребности в энергоресурсах станций аэрации с воздуходувными агрегатами является экономически выгодным решением в условиях РФ. Это служит основанием для использования установок когенерации в проектах станций аэрации с близким расположением к магистральным газопроводам. Оптимистический и пессимистический сценарии развития этого направления зависят от желания водоканалов потреблять тепловую энергию. Стоимость очистки 1 м3 сточных вод может быть снижена: на 0,894/0,44 руб. для действующих воздуходувных агрегатов (с перерасходом электроэнергии 28% вследствие износа); на 0,644/0,317 руб. для современных воздуходувных агрегатов; на 0,688/0,361 руб. для современных управляемых воздуходувных агрегатов. Выгода от использования установок когенерации составляет 53,3%/36% и 56,9%/41% для неуправляемых и управляемых воздуходувных агрегатов соответственно. Капитальные затраты целесообразно рассматривать на этапе проектирования, включающем конкретные, объектно ориентированные запросы на изготовителя оборудования. The relevance of the work is associated with increasing the efficiency of the energy resources use. Commissioning water and wastewater treatment facilities with cogeneration dates back to 2009: Mosvodokanal JSC (Kurianovskie and Lyuberetskie treatment facilities, power 10 MW each), Vodokanal JSC, Ivanovo (2.55 MW), Cherepovets Vodokanal MUE (2.4 MW). The life cycle cost was determined on the basis of the operating costs subject to the constraints of the conditions of self-sufficient projects. The operating costs included: gas, electricity, heat energy, costs of spare parts, lubricant, personnel, etc. The use of gas engine cogeneration units to compensate for the needs of the wastewater treatment plants with blower units is an economically viable measure in the Russian Federation. This serves as the basis for the use of cogeneration units in projects of wastewater treatment plants located close to the main gas pipelines. Optimistic and pessimistic scenarios for the development of this area depend on the choice of vodokanals to use thermal energy. The cost of 1 m3of wastewater treatment can be reduced: by 0.894/0.44 rubles for the operating blower units (with 28% excess energy consumption due to wear); by 0.644/0.317 rubles for the advanced blower units; by 0.688/0.361 rubles for the advanced controlled blower units. The benefit from using cogeneration units is 53.3%/36% and 56.9%/41% for uncontrolled and controlled blower units, respectively. It makes sense to consider capital costs at the design stage that includes specific, object-oriented requests for the equipment manufacturer.

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF WASTE PAPER RECYCLING PLANT WASTEWATER

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Ju. A. Feofanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Waste Paper ◽  
Biological Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Paper Recycling ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Treatment Facilities

Introduction. Among characteristic features of waste paper recycling plant wastewater, the following can be distinguished: significant fluctuations in consumption and composition, high content of undissolved and dissolved substances (in particular, starch, fiber, dispersed thermoplastic and other substances). Local wastewater treatment can reduce the concentration of undissolved and — partially — dissolved contaminants. Besides, it makes it possible to reuse valuable substances and treated water in production. However, a significant amount of dissolved contaminants is dumped by factories at off-site biological treatment plants. In this case, bioreactors with suspended activated sludge (aeration tanks) as well as bioreactors with attached biomass are used for wastewater treatment. Methods. The purpose of the study was to determine the consumption and composition of wastewater discharged by waste paper recycling plants, as well as the technological parameters and performance of biological treatment facilities, including a moving bed biofilm reactor and aeration tanks. In-process control over the operation of treatment plants was carried out by means of instrumental measurements and laboratory analyses conducted according to standard methods. Results. The article examines the results of the operation of biological wastewater treatment facilities used to treat wastewater from a paper mill, where different grades of waste paper are used as raw materials. The main characteristics of biological wastewater treatment facilities’ operation have been identified. Relationships between the oxidation capacity and the load in terms of organic pollution have been obtained for a bioreactor with a moving bed (1st stage) and aeration tanks (2nd stage of biological wastewater treatment). Measures have been proposed to improve the performance of existing treatment plants.

Analysis and balance of phosphorous removal from wastewater at urban wastewater treatment plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-151
Author(s):  
Peter Lukac ◽  
Lubos Jurik
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
The Mean

Abstract:Phosphorus is a major substance that is needed especially for agricultural production or for the industry. At the same time it is an important component of wastewater. At present, the waste management priority is recycling and this requirement is also transferred to wastewater treatment plants. Substances in wastewater can be recovered and utilized. In Europe (in Germany and Austria already legally binding), access to phosphorus-containing sewage treatment is changing. This paper dealt with the issue of phosphorus on the sewage treatment plant in Nitra. There are several industrial areas in Nitra where record major producers in phosphorus production in sewage. The new wastewater treatment plant is built as a mechanicalbiological wastewater treatment plant with simultaneous nitrification and denitrification, sludge regeneration, an anaerobic zone for biological phosphorus removal at the beginning of the process and chemical phosphorus precipitation. The sludge management is anaerobic sludge stabilization with heating and mechanical dewatering of stabilized sludge and gas management. The aim of the work was to document the phosphorus balance in all parts of the wastewater treatment plant - from the inflow of raw water to the outflow of purified water and the production of excess sludge. Balancing quantities in the wastewater treatment plant treatment processes provide information where efficient phosphorus recovery could be possible. The mean daily value of P tot is approximately 122.3 kg/day of these two sources. The mean daily value of P tot is approximately 122.3 kg/day of these two sources. There are also two outflows - drainage of cleaned water to the recipient - the river Nitra - 9.9 kg Ptot/day and Ptot content in sewage sludge - about 120.3 kg Ptot/day - total 130.2 kg Ptot/day.

Технологические аспекты обезвоживания осадков промышленно-дождевых сточных вод автотранспортных предприятий

2019 ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
G. Variushina
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Vacuum Filter ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process ◽  
Motor Transport ◽  
Cationic Flocculant ◽  
Residual Sludge ◽  
Treatment Facilities

Приводятся сведения об условиях формирования, объемах, химическом составе и свойствах осадков очистных сооружений производственных сточных вод автотранспортных предприятий. Даны примеры технологических решений по обезвоживанию образующихся в процессе очистки шламов. Рассмотрены технологические аспекты процесса интенсификации механического обезвоживания уплотненных осадков с использованием высокомолекулярных полиэлектролитов. Представлены данные лабораторных экспериментов по выбору типа флокулянта, его дозы, технологических параметров процесса, а также результаты определения влажности обезвоженных осадков, полученные на модели барабанного вакуум-фильтра. Приведены примеры эффективных обезвоживающих аппаратов отечественного производства и их технические характеристики, рекомендации и критерии их выбора, а также факторы, оказывающие влияние на эксплуатационные параметры обезвоживающего оборудования. Установлено, что наилучшая обезвоживающая способность барабанных вакуум-фильтров (остаточная влажность шламов от 66 до 83) может быть достигнута при применении катионного флокулянта ВПК-402 для осадков различных производственных цехов автотранспортного предприятия.Information on the conditions of generation, volumes, chemical composition and properties of sludge generated at the industrial wastewater treatment facilities of motor transport enterprises is provided. Examples of process engineering solutions for dewatering sludge generated during the wastewater treatment process are given. The technological aspects of enhancing mechanical dewatering of thickened sludge using high-molecular polyelectrolytes are considered. The data of laboratory experiments on choosing the type of flocculant, its dose, technological parameters of the process, as well as the results of determining the moisture content of dewatered sludge obtained in a model of a drum vacuum filter are presented. Examples of effective domestically produced dewatering apparatus and their technical characteristics, recommendations and criteria for their selection, as well as factors influencing the operational parameters of the dewatering equipment are given. It is found that the highest dewatering capacity of drum vacuum filters (residual sludge moisture content from 66 to 83) can be achieved by using VPK-402 cationic flocculant for processing sludge generated at the workshop premises of a motor transport enterprise.

Bottlenecks in the Implementation of On-Site Wastewater Treatment Plants on a Large Scale in The Netherlands

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 291-298
Author(s):  
Frits A. Fastenau ◽  
Jaap H. J. M. van der Graaf ◽  
Gerard Martijnse
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Definition Of

More than 95 % of the total housing stock in the Netherlands is connected to central sewerage systems and in most cases the wastewater is treated biologically. As connection to central sewerage systems has reached its economic limits, interest in on-site treatment of the domestic wastewater of the remaining premises is increasing. A large scale research programme into on-site wastewater treatment up to population equivalents of 200 persons has therefore been initiated by the Dutch Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning and Environment. Intensive field-research work did establish that the technological features of most on-site biological treatment systems were satisfactory. A large scale implementation of these systems is however obstructed in different extents by problems of an organisational, financial and/or juridical nature and management difficulties. At present research is carried out to identify these bottlenecks and to analyse possible solutions. Some preliminary results are given which involve the following ‘bottlenecks':-legislation: absence of co-ordination and absence of a definition of ‘surface water';-absence of subsidies;-ownership: divisions in task-setting of Municipalities and Waterboards; divisions involved with cost-sharing;-inspection; operational control and maintenance; organisation of management;-discharge permits;-pollution levy;-sludge disposal. Final decisions and practical elaboration of policies towards on-site treatment will have to be formulated in a broad discussion with all the authorities and interest groups involved.

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