scholarly journals O CRESCIMENTO CANAVIEIRO NO MUNICÍPIO DE RIO BRILHANTE-MS E OS IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS CAUSADOS PELA QUEIMA DA PALHA DA CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR (2001 A 2010)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 58-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Henrique Conde Britts ◽  
Walter Guedes da Silva ◽  
Mateus Boldrine Abrita
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
State Government ◽  
The State ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Canne À Sucre ◽  
The Social ◽  
National Bank ◽  
Développement Économique ◽  
Nous Examinons ◽  
The City

O objetivo desse trabalho é analisar o crescimento da cana-de-açúcar no município de Rio Brilhante-MS, correlacionando esse crescimento com os impactos ambientais causados pela técnica de facilitação da colheita manual com a queima da palha da cana-de-açúcar. Para compreendermos o processo expansionista canavieiro, analisamos os incentivos do governo estadual e do governo federal, por meio do Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social, Fundo Constitucional do Centro-Oeste e pelo Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento. Também foram analisados dados estatísticos de órgãos públicos, entidades e intuições da área. Como considerações, foi possível demonstrar que a queima da palha da cana-de-açúcar se tornou um dos fatores que, acompanhados dos aspectos sociais e ambientais, decorrentes do processo de expansão dessa monocultura no Estado, ocasionou várias formas de degradação ambiental com alto potencial de risco a fauna e flora, além de ser prejudicial ao próprio ser humano, gerando consequências como: invasão de Biomas e as Áreas de Preservação Permanente ou de Preservação Ambiental, além da contaminação dos recursos hídricos, dos solos e poluição do ar, dando indícios que os ganhos econômicos muitas vezes se sobrepõem a um ambiente saudável. Palavras-chave: Cana-de-açúcar; Impactos Ambientais; Queima da palha.   the sugarcane GROWTH in the municipality of Rio Brilhante-MS and the environmental impacts caused by burning straw of the sugarcane (2001 to 2010) Abstract The objective of this study is to analyze the growth of sugarcane in the city of Rio Brilhante-MS, correlating this growth with environmental impacts caused by manual harvesting facilitation technique with the burning straw of the sugarcane. To understand the sugarcane expansionist process, its analyzed the incentives from the state government and the federal government, through the National Bank for Economic and Social Development, the Constitutional Fund of the Midwest and the Growth Acceleration Program. Also statistical data from government agencies were analyzed, as entities and intuitions of the area. As consideration, it was possible to demonstrate that the burning of straw sugarcane became one of the factors that, together with the social and environmental aspects arising from the expansion of this monoculture process in the state, led to various forms of environmental degradation with high potential risk fauna and flora as well as being harmful to human being, generating consequences as: Biomes invasion and the Permanent Preservation Areas or Environmental Protection, and the contamination of water resources, soil and pollution of the air, giving evidence that the economic gains often overlap with healthy environmental. Keywords: Sugar cane; Environmental impacts; Straw burning.   LA CROISSANCE DU SECTEUR cannier DANS LA MUNICIPALITÉ DE rIO BRILHANTE-MS ET LES IMPACTS ENVIRONNEMENTAUX CAUSÉS PAR LE BRÛLAGE DE LA PAILLE DE CANNE À SUCRE (2001 À 2010) Résumé Ce travail a pour but d’analyser le processus d’expansion de la canne à sucre dans la municipalité de Rio Brilhante-MS, en faisant un rapprochement entre cette croissance et les impacts environnementaux provoqués par la technique d’optimisation de la récolte manuelle, à savoir le brûlage de la paille de canne à sucre. Afin de mieux comprendre le processus d’expansion du secteur cannier, nous soumettons à l’analyse les programmes de soutien du gouvernement régional et du gouvernement fédéral, menés par la Banque Nationale de Développement Économique et Social, Fonds Constitutionnel de la région Centre-Ouest et par le Programme d’Accélération de la Croissance. Nous examinons également les données statistiques des organes publiques, entités et institutions concernés par le secteur cannier. Cette étude a pu démontrer que la technique de brûlage de la paille de canne à sucre est devenue, à côté des aspects sociaux et environnementaux découlant du processus d’expansion de cette monoculture dans la région, l’un des facteurs qui se trouvent à l’origine des formes diverses de dégradation environnementale à haut risque sur la faune et la flore, en plus des effets nuisibles pour l’être humain lui-même, parmi lesquels l’invasion de biomes et de zones de préservation permanente ou de préservation environnementale, la contamination des ressources hydriques, des sols et la pollution de l’air, ce qui indique que les gains économiques devancent souvent un environnement sain. Mots-clés: Canne à sucre; Impacts environnementaux; Brûlage de paille.

Environmental factors during COVID – 19 pandemic in Campinas, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Kabke Bainy ◽  
Ana Maria Heuminski de Ávila
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Mobile Phone Data ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Air Contaminants ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Hospitalization Rates ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City

<p>During COVID – 19 pandemic, the main strategy to prevent virus dissemination adopted worldwide was the social distancing, in different degrees (ranging from simple recommendations to the population, to complete lockdown). In this context, many studies were performed around the world to assess the impacts of such measures on the environment, specially on air quality. The reported results almost unanimously pointed to a reduction in air contaminants, mainly as a response to vehicular traffic depletion and, at some level, to reduced human and industrial activities.  On March 24<sup>th</sup>, 2020, a partial lockdown was decreed in São Paulo state, Brazil, and since then it has undergone, back and forth, several stages of strictness according to contamination and hospitalization rates, being stricter whenever intensive care units (ICU) occupation increased. Our study aims to evaluate environmental aspects (air quality and meteorology) in Campinas city (São Paulo, Brazil), during the pandemic, from March 24<sup>th</sup> to December 31<sup>st</sup>, and compare it with the weeks prior to the social distancing and with the previous year. In addition to the environmental variables, the “social distancing index” (obtained by using mobile phone data to assess displacements) and medical data (hospital admissions and deaths) were employed to a preliminary analysis of  the influence of environmental factors on COVID – 19 evolution in the city.</p>

Golf Courses: Environmental Impacts

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miquel Salgot ◽  
Josefina C. Tapias
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
The Core ◽  
Social Pressures ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

The relationship between golf courses, forced ecosystems and the environment is extremely complex and need to be established carefully because of the social pressures and implications of this type of facilities. The main environmental aspects of golf courses, the way the golf structures exert an influence on the environment, the management practices and the use of pesticides are the main features to be considered. The soil-plant-atmosphere continuum is at the core of the golf and must be managed in an integrated way to reduce environmental impacts of the whole facility. Many golf courses are located in natural areas, where wildlife exists and there is an influence on the course and vice versa. There is also the need to define the relationships between a course and its surrounding environments.

URBAN FOOTBALL PERFORMANCES: PLAYING FOR THE NEIGHBOURHOOD IN SENEGAL, 1950s–2000s

Africa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susann Baller
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Urban Youth ◽  
Social Space ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Local Level ◽  
The State ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

ABSTRACTIn Senegal, neighbourhood football teams are more popular than teams in the national football league. The so-called navétanes teams were first created in the 1950s. Since the early 1970s, they have competed in local, regional and national neighbourhood championships. This article considers the history of these clubs and their championships by focusing on the city of Dakar and its fast-growing suburbs, Pikine and Guédiawaye. Research on the navétanes allows an exploration of the social and cultural history of the neighbourhoods from the actor-centred perspective of urban youth. The history of the navétanes reflects the complex interrelations between young people, the city and the state. The performative act of football – on and beyond the pitch, by players, fans and organizers – constitutes the neighbourhood as a social space in a context where the state fails to provide sufficient infrastructure and is often contested. The navétanes clubs and championships demonstrate how young people have experienced and imagined their neighbourhoods in different local-level ways, while at the same time interconnecting them with other social spaces, such as the ‘city’, the ‘nation’ and ‘the world’.

scholarly journals Kayseri’de Sosyal Sigortalar Kurumu (SSK) Tarafından Üretilen Konut Kooperatiflerinin Nicel Gelişimi (1950-1980) / Quantitative Development of Housing Cooperatives Produced by Social Insurance Institution in Kayseri (1950-1980)

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 696
Author(s):  
Beyza Onur ◽  
Burcu Ceylan Duggan
Keyword(s):  
Social Insurance ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Insurance Institution ◽  
Housing Cooperatives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Quantitative Development ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>In the post-republic period in Turkey, due to the increase in the rate of industrialization and urbanization, the need for housing in the cities has come to the agenda. In this period, the incentives and investments provided by the state played an important role in eliminating this need by providing the production of housing cooperatives. Between the years of 1950-1980 in Kayseri; the period of industrialization in the city has accelerated and the population of the city has increased. Therefore, the housing need that emerged in Kayseri in this process has been tried to be solved through the state cooperatives produced by the state. In this context, this study aimed to document the housing cooperatives produced by the Social Insurance Institution between 1950-1980 in Kayseri and to examine the quantitative development of the cooperatives. Kayseri Kocasinan Municipality and Kayseri Melikgazi Municipality archives were scanned to make this examination. As a result of the findings, it has been determined that the government has long been involved in the production of housing cooperatives within the economic plans and that the housing cooperatives have increased in quantity and Kayseri has contributed to the spatial development of the city by adding to the housing stock. In addition, in this study, researching housing cooperatives in Kayseri's architectural environment; it is thought that it will help to introduce the politics of generating housing in Turkey.</p><p><strong>Öz</strong></p><p>Türkiye’de Cumhuriyet sonrası dönemde, sanayileşme ve kentleşme hızının artmasına bağlı olarak kentlerde konut ihtiyacı gündeme gelmiştir. Bu dönemde devlet tarafından sağlanan teşvik ve yatırımlar, konut kooperatiflerinin üretilmesini sağlayarak bu ihtiyacın giderilmesinde önemli rol oynamıştır. Çalışmanın kapsamı olan Kayseri’de 1950-1980 yılları arası; kentte sanayileşme sürecinin hızlandığı ve kentli nüfusun arttığı dönem olmuştur. Bu nedenle bu süreçte Kayseri’de ortaya çıkan konut ihtiyacı, devlet eli ile üretilen konut kooperatifleri üzerinden giderilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu bağlamda bu çalışma, Kayseri’de 1950-1980 yılları arasında Sosyal Sigortalar Kurumu (SSK) tarafından üretilen konut kooperatiflerini belgelemeyi ve kooperatiflerin nicel gelişimini incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Bu incelemeyi yapabilmek için Kayseri Kocasinan Belediyesi ve Kayseri Melikgazi Belediyesi arşivleri taranmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular sonucunda, devletin ekonomik planları dâhilinde konut kooperatifi üretimine uzun süre yer verildiği ve bu sayede konut kooperatiflerinin nicel olarak arttığı ve Kayseri’nin konut stokuna önemli oranda eklenerek kentin mekânsal gelişimine katkıda bulunduğu saptanmıştır. Ayrıca bu çalışmada Kayseri’nin mimarlık ortamındaki konut kooperatiflerini araştırmanın; Türkiye’de bir döneme ait konut üretme politikasının tanıtılmasına yardımcı olacağı düşünülmektedir.</p>

scholarly journals How elite sport helps to foster and maintain a neoliberal culture: The ‘branding’ of Melbourne, Australia

Urban Studies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 1184-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair John ◽  
Brent McDonald
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
The State ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Elite Sport ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Formula One ◽  
Members Of Parliament ◽  
Entrepreneurial Strategy ◽  
Commonwealth Games ◽  
The City

This article explores the role that elite sport has played in the State Government of Victoria’s (Australia) neoliberal agenda of creating an environment conducive to commercial activity. Adopting an urban entrepreneurial approach of selling the ‘city’ as an attractive place for cross-border investment, the state government has strategically invested public funds into major sporting events in Melbourne. Four specific sporting events were examined: i) construction and redevelopments of ‘Melbourne Park’ to host the Australian Open Tennis Championships; ii) hosting the 2006 Commonwealth Games; iii) acquisition of the Australian Formula One Grand Prix and continued political, corporate and media support for the event; and iv) construction of an urban football stadium. Newspaper reports and parliament transcripts between 1984 and 2014 were collected to highlight issues of contest in the ‘sport city’ in conjunction with a thematic analysis of interviews with influential cultural producers of the ‘sport city’ – most notably state premiers, members of parliament, CEOs of public sports trusts and newspaper journalists. Findings illustrate that the Victorian state has successively re-regulated a neoliberal urban entrepreneurial strategy, often preventing dissident groups from resisting neoliberal activities, and that in Melbourne sport operates as ‘cultural glue’ to establish the logic of neoliberalism in an embodied sense.

PEMIKIRAN HUKUM ISLAM IMAM MALIK BIN ANAS (Pendekatan Sejarah Sosial)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danu Aris Setiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Community Of Practice ◽  
Social History ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Community Issues ◽  
State Of The Environment ◽  
The City

The study in this paper is focused thinking Islamic law Imam Malik bin Anas approach to social history.  This study is a study that is fairly new in the field of science of Islamic law, so it is still a bit of academics watched. Imam Malik himself was one of four priests schools are known by the nickname ahlu hadith. Imam Malik in his life has never been out of the city of Medina except during Hajj. This of course support his thought in solving the complexity of the problems largely solved by the hadith enough. In addition, the state of the environment in the Medina which is the place where the Prophet lived for several years, community issues are lightweight and simple. Although Imam Malik called a hadith expert, but he also remains unaffected by the use of ratios in berijtihad because the social conditions at the time. This is evidenced by the use of expert Amal Madinah (Medina community of practice), Fatwa Sahabah, Qiyas, Al-maşlahah mursalah, Aż-żari'ah, Al-Urf (custom) in making Islamic law. Imam Malik was also like other schools with the Qur'an and Hadith as the primary source of Islamic law. [Kajian dalam tulisan ini difokuskan pemikiran hukum Islam Imam Malik bin Anas dengan pendekatan sejarah sosial.  Kajian ini merupakan kajian yang cukup baru di bidang keilmuan hukum Islam, sehingga masih sedikit dari kalangan akademisi yang memperhatikannya. Imam Malik sendiri adalah salah satu dari empat imam mazhab yang terkenal dengan julukan ahlu hadits. Dalam kehidupannya Imam Malik tidak pernah keluar dari kota Madinah kecuali saat haji. Hal ini tentu saja mendukung pemikirannya dalam menyelesaikan kompleksitas permasalahan yang sebagian besar cukup diselesaikan dengan hadits. Selain itu,  keadaan lingkungan di Madinah yang merupakan tempat dimana Rasulullah hidup selama beberapa tahun, permasalahan masyarakat yang ringan dan sederhana. Walaupun Imam Malik disebut sebagai ahlu Hadits namun dirinya juga tetap terpengaruh dengan penggunaan rasio dalam berijtihad karena kondisi sosial saat itu. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan penggunaan Amal ahli Madinah (praktik masyarakat Madinah), Fatwa sahabat, Qiyas, Al-maşlahah mursalah, Aż-żari'ah, al-‘Urf (adat istiadat) dalam pengambilan hukum Islam. Imam Malik pun juga seperti mazhab lain dengan al-Quran dan Hadits sebagai sumber utama dalam hukum Islam.]

The Vestal Virgins

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan J. DiLuzio
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Religious Orders ◽  
Roman Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
Vestal Virgins ◽  
The City

This chapter focuses on the Vestal Virgins. The six Vestal Virgins belonged to the pontifical college (collegium pontificum), the largest and one of Rome's most prestigious religious orders. Chosen for their role between the ages of six and ten, they were committed to serve the cult of Vesta for a minimum of thirty years. They were synonymous with the continued welfare of the city and inseparable from the Roman's view of themselves. In addition to guaranteeing Rome's future, the Vestal priesthood was cherished as one of the most ancient religious institutions in the city. The chapter then considers the social profile of prospective priestesses and explains how they were chosen for their extraordinary role in Roman society. It also outlines their legal status, which set them apart from ordinary Romans, and the privileges they were granted in exchange for their service to the state.

scholarly journals Mothers and grandmothers in social vulnerability: Conceptions about care and institutional shelter

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (supp1) ◽  
pp. 10-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Tamie Isobe Lima ◽  
Janari da Silva Pedroso ◽  
Edson Júnior Silva da Cruz ◽  
Lucas Fadul de Aguiar
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
The State ◽  
Protective Measure ◽  
Psychodynamic Theory ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City

This study aimed at analyzing the comprehension of mothers and grandmothers about care and their perceptions about the institutional sheltering of their children and grandchildren. Participated in this study ten women, 21-61 years old, interviewed inside a sheltering unit in the city of Belém, in the state of Pará, Brazil. The data collected was organized and analyzed through the Content Analysis. The results were ranked in three categories: affective mobilization in the care; care routine and the responsibilities of caretakers; perception of mothers and grandmothers about institutional sheltering. The discussion was based on a systemic perception articulated with the psychodynamic theory. The contents of the interviews indicated an affective and/or behavioral implication of mothers and the care of their children and grandchildren, and the importance of responsibilities in the caretakers performance. Moreover, the variations of perceptions about institutional sheltering are about how the emotional repercussions and the changes in the family's routine were understood by these women. It was concluded that the care provided in the sheltering space was conceived as good, when the demands from the children and their original families were attended. Even though, the separation caused by the social protective measure brought suffering to the participants and that there is the interest of mothers and grandmothers to regain the daily living with children and grandchildren.

Beyond Law and Order: The Origins of the Jogo do Bicho in Republican Rio de Janeiro

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
AMY CHAZKEL
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Social Process ◽  
The State ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
Public Sentiment ◽  
The Social ◽  
First Republic ◽  
Jogo Do Bicho ◽  
The City

AbstractAt the beginning of Brazil's First Republic (1889–1930), the clandestine lottery called the jogo do bicho or ‘animal game’, which still exists today, gained enormous popularity in Rio de Janeiro, the city of its origin, and soon in the whole of Brazil. Reconstructing the spread and persecution of the jogo do bicho during its first decades reveals the social process of urbanisation evident in the daily, often informal and quasi-legal, interactions between the state and popular commerce in Latin America. The ambivalent official stance and public sentiment that developed toward this lottery suggest that ‘law and order’ concerns in themselves do not explain the criminalisation of vernacular practices.

Territorialising control in urban West Bengal: Social clubs and everyday governance in the spaces between state and party

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 312-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Cornea
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Production ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Social Clubs ◽  
Shape Spaces ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City

Analysis of politics in urban West Bengal has focussed on the near hegemonic control of political parties and the state on daily life – overlooking or under-accounting for the complex institutional assemblages that shape spaces of the political in daily life. Addressing this empirical gap, this paper examines the role of social clubs, who discursively imagine themselves to be not political in governing the city. I demonstrate the ways that clubs, as a particular socio-cultural institution, territorialise power in order to produce governable space and in turn act as both alternative to the state and party and intermediaries with them. Mobilising evidence from extensive qualitative research on governance in two small cities I seek to complicate and nuance existing narratives on everyday politics, the party and the role of clubs in West Bengal. And in doing so offer theoretical contributions to the ways we understand political subjects and the social production of the heterogeneous overlapping territories of governance that characterise postcolonial cities.

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