SELF-DISCLOSURE AND PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSTRUING: A PERSONAL CONSTRUCT APPROACH TO INTERPERSONAL PERCEPTIONS

1979 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg J. Neimeyer ◽  
Paul G. Banikiotes ◽  
Lynn E. Ianni

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the relationship between self-disclosure (SD) and the types of personal constructs utilized by individuals in conceptualizing their interpersonal relationships. Deriving from Duck's (1973) “inferential theory” of interpersonal relations, SD was conceptualized as a process which mediates the evolution of more advanced, “psychological” construing. As a test of SD's mediational function, it was argued that such dimensions should be differentially meaningful when applied to a range of SD targets. Further, a positive relation between the targets' level of SD and its rated meaningfulness along subjects' own psychological dimensions was predicted. Conversely, no such differentiation was predicted along subjects' earlier, more “physicalistic” constructs. All predictions received support, with one general exception. Highly polarized negative relations, though low SD targets, received more meaningful ratings along psychological constructs than some higher SD targets.

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-161
Author(s):  
G.S. Kozhukhar

Objective. Analysis of the relationship between the assessment of interpersonal relations and satisfaction with marriage among young spouses in an official and civil marriage. Background. Against the background of the growing number of divorces, the need to analyze and understand the factors associated with marriage satisfaction among nowday’s youth is increasing in order to develop programs for overcoming difficulties in communication and maintaining relationships. Study design. The work examined the relationship between interpersonal relationships and marital satisfaction. The presence and nature of the relationship was checked through correlation, regression, factor analysis and automatic modeling (SPSS). The survey was conducted individually or in a group before the start of the pandemic. Participants. 108 young spouses, of which 30 couples, 48 respondents took part without their partners (44.44% of boys, 55.56% of girls) from 20 to 35 years old (M=28.6; SD=2.83). Measurements. Marriage Satisfaction Test Questionnaire (MAR); test questionnaire “Analysis of family anxiety” (ACT); Russian-language versions of the questionnaire “Scale of love and sympathy” and methods of researching partnerships Partnership Questionnaire (PFB); PEA questionnaire to identify the level of understanding, emotional attractiveness and authority (respect) of partners in marriage. Results. A complex system of relationships was revealed between the types of relationships between partners, indicators of family anxiety and satisfaction with marriage. Satisfaction with marriage increases in case of manifestation of love and sympathy in interpersonal relationships, experiences of emotional attraction between partners, respect and rare use of conflict behavior. Predictors of marital satisfaction have been identified, and a standard model of interpersonal relationships has been described, which allows predicting marital satisfaction at a young age. Main conclusion. There is a complex systemic relationship between the assessment of the quality of interpersonal relationships and the perception of satisfaction with marriage in young spouses and partners in a civil marriage, the knowledge of which allows you to create a model of the relationship system in order to predict the satisfaction with marriage of young people and prevent conflicts in relationships leading to their destruction.


1977 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 791-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Neimeyer ◽  
Greg J. Neimeyer

Investigating the perception of targets for self-disclosure from the perspective of the psychology of personal constructs, it was predicted that respondents from a mixed-nationality group would (a) characterize friends more than acquaintances in terms of ‘superordinate,’ personality-descriptive dimensions, (b) ‘differentiate’ friends more than acquaintances by extensive application of constructs to them, and (c) ‘polarize’ targets for high disclosure by construing them sharply and meaningfully in terms of personally significant dimensions of meaning. All predictions received significant support for 34 college students ( Mdnage 22 yr.) who responded in writing to a questionnaire. The results suggest the fruitfulness of further examining self-disclosure and friendship formation from a vantage point which emphasizes the perceptual and interpretive framework of an adult person.


1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth R. Krieger ◽  
Franz R. Epting ◽  
Larry M. Leitner

The present study introduced a personal construct approach to the assessment of threat of death. Two experiments were reported in which the relationship of this measure, referred to as the Threat Index, to a number of self-report variables, the Lester Fear of Death Scale, and the Templer Death Anxiety Scale was investigated. A total of 112 college students participated in the experiments which demonstrated a significant relationship between the Threat Index, self-reported fear of death, conceivability of personal mortality, and the Lester Scale. No significant relationship was found between the Threat Index and belief in afterlife, frequency of thoughts about death or suicide, or the Templer Scale. The possible advantages of the Threat Index procedure were discussed in terms of its relationship with the other measures of death concern, the various self-report variables, and previous criticisms of death concern assessment techniques.


Author(s):  
Elena Grebennikova ◽  
Igor Shelekhov ◽  
Elena Filimonova

Межличностные отношения являются необходимым условием, определяющим развитие не только отдельных психических процессов, но и личности в целом. Имеется ряд работ, в которых показана деформация межличностных отношений у подростков с разным видом дизонтогенеза, в том числе и при умственной отсталости. Представлены результаты изучения межличностных отношений подростков, имеющих умственную отсталость, осложненную нарушением зрения. Результаты проведенного исследования позволили констатировать наличие как общих, так и специфических особенностей межличностных отношений у подростков с умственной отсталостью, осложненной нарушением зрения, и у их сверстников с неосложненной умственной отсталостью. В обследуемых группах только треть подростков рассматривают отца и мать как родительскую чету, при этом наблюдается высокая значимость взаимоотношений с матерью и отказ от общения с отцом. Для подростков обеих групп характерны: слабая включенность во взаимодействие со сверстниками; наличие чувственно дефицитного или чувственно чрезмерного типа взаимодействия с преобладанием чувственно дефицитного типа; нерешительность в принятии решений, стремление переложить ответственность на других; отсутствие тенденции к доминированию; частые конфликты со сверстниками и неспособность их конструктивно разрешить. Кроме того, подростки обследуемых групп часто демонстрируют реакции на фрустрацию активно-агрессивного или пассивно-страдательного типа, причем у подростков с неосложненной умственной отсталостью доминируют реакции активно-агрессивного типа, а у подростков с умственной отсталостью, осложненной нарушением зрения, – реакции пассивно-страдательного типа. Примечательно, что подростки с умственной отсталостью, осложненной нарушением зрения, склонны к изоляции от сверстников, проявляют бóльшую привязанность к дому и своей семье. Interpersonal relations are a prerequisite that determines the development of not only individual mental processes, but also the personality as a whole. There are a number of works that show the deformation of interpersonal relationships in adolescents with different types of dysontogenesis, including with mental retardation. This article presents the results of a study of the interpersonal relationships of adolescents with mental retardation complicated by visual impairment. The results of the study made it possible to ascertain the presence of both general and specific features of interpersonal relationships in adolescents with mental retardation complicated by visual impairment, and their peers with uncomplicated mental retardation. In the examined groups, only a third of adolescents consider the father and mother as a parental couple, while there is a high significance of the relationship with the mother and refusal to communicate with the father. For adolescents of both groups are characteristic: weak involvement in interaction with peers; the presence of a sensually deficient or sensually excessive type of interaction with a predominance of the sensually deficient type; indecision in decision making, the desire to shift responsibility to others; lack of a tendency to domination; frequent conflicts with peers and the inability to constructively resolve them. In addition, adolescents of the studied groups often show reactions to frustration of the activeaggressive or passive-suffering type, and in adolescents with uncomplicated mental retardation, the reactions of the active-aggressive type dominate, and in adolescents with mental retardation complicated by visual impairment, the reactions of passive-passive type. It is noteworthy that adolescents with mental retardation, complicated by visual impairment, are prone to isolation from their peers, show greater attachment to home and their family.


Author(s):  
Dmitriy V. Ganin

This article discusses the results of an empirical, comprehensive study of interpersonal relationships and self-relation of older people. Special attention is paid tointerpersonal needs. The author notes, in the age group of elderly people, the presence of all kinds of interpersonal needs, inclusion, control, affect. This is not observed in the middle and senile age groups. The age interrelation between interpersonal relations and self-attitude of elderly people is found out. The study found correlations characteristic of the age group of the elderly and other age groups, namely: the similarity of the correlations of the elderly and middle-aged and elderly and senile. The most important need characteristic of older persons as the need for "inclusion"was also identified.


2021 ◽  
pp. 097226292110290
Author(s):  
Amit Gupta ◽  
Abhishek Goel ◽  
Belen Bande-Vilela

This article tests a model describing the relationship between organizational cynicism and perceptions of organizational politics (POPS) and the mitigating role of empowerment and interpersonal relationships in satisfaction with work and managers. Data were collected from 361 employees of an Indian information technology (IT) services organization. The analysis of the model showed that empowerment of employees and interpersonal relations among employees alleviated the negative spiral of organizational cynicism and POPS. Lower levels of interpersonal relationships accentuated the organizational cynicism–POPS relationship.


2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-96
Author(s):  
Hasniar Hasniar ◽  
Muhammad Qadaruddin ◽  
Nurhakki Nurhakki

Self-disclosure or "self disclosure" can be interpreted as giving information about yourself to others. The information provided can include various things such as life experiences, feelings, emotions, opinions, ideals, etc. Self-disclosure needs to be done by the dormitory because it is one way to adapt to the new environment. Self-disclosure, among others, is influenced by gender differences. Self-disclosure is closely related to effective interpersonal communication. The type of research conducted by the researcher is descriptive qualitative research using interviews, observation and documentation to find the data to be analyzed using triangulation techniques. The results of this study indicate that STAIN Parepare male dormitory and female dormitory students are able to build interpersonal relationships by means of self-disclosure and are able to provide an overview of the existence of gender differences in terms of the process of building interpersonal relationships. The relationship stage that can be formed through the sixth stage of the process becomes a reference for discussion to develop interpersonal relationships. Interpersonal relationships that occur in the STAIN Parepare male and female dormitories are in the management of psychological data levels to be able to do self disclosure. son or being in the category area area, the purpose of open area is where the residents of STAIN Parepare dormitories are more at an open level in order to be able to build good relationships. Self disclosure is a good system that is also applied by residents of the Parepare STAIN dormitory to form interpersonal relationships.  


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana A. Vorontsova ◽  
Vera A. Labunskaya

The study analyzed the relationship of attitudes toward one’s appearance and appearance of the partner with attitude toward the own personality and that of the other persons’ in married men and women. The empirical object of the study included 52 married couples in a registered (26 couples) and unregistered (26 couples) marriage with a duration from 5 months to 26 years (M = 7.31; SD = 6.78). The age of the respondents was 20–45 years old (M = 30.26; SD = 7.31; all are residents of the Russian Federation; Russians). Methods included the following questionnaires: (1) “History of the couples’ relationships”; (2) “Estimated and informative interpretation of one’s appearance and its compliance with gender–age constructs”; (3) “Color test of relationships”; (4) “Method of diagnosing interpersonal relationships”; (5) “Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation-Behavior questionnaire”. Empirical data were analyzed with Spearman correlation analysis, Mann–Whitney U-test, Kruskal–Wallis H-test. The results were as follows: (1) in men and women the attitude to their appearance is related to the attitude to themselves; attitude to the spouse’s appearance is associated with the attitude to him or her; (2) in women, the assessment of their appearance is related to the attitude to their appearance; in men, the assessment of their appearance is related to the attitude to appearance of their spouses; (3) women’s attitude to their appearance is associated with the need for inclusion, while in the men’s case it is associated with the need for love; (4) men who emotionally reject their mothers are dissatisfied with the appearance of their wives.


2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 625-639
Author(s):  
Biljana Andjelkovic ◽  
Sasa Nedeljkovic

The paper presents a case study whose focus is on examining the relationship among students of one fifth grade class during the period of combined schooling in the school year 2020/2021. This schooling model was introduced in order to enable appropriate physical distance among students in the classroom. Also, this was one of the important preventiv measures of the COVID-19 epidemic. Our intention is to check whether and to what extent the application of this schooling model, which included the division of classes into two groups, reflected on the mutual relations of students. We paid the most attention to friend?s relations. This paper represents an anthropological contribution to the issue of interpersonal relations among children in condition when many relations in society have changed due to the ?new normality?.


2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-132
Author(s):  
Jade Ford ◽  
Amber Bytheway ◽  
Emma Alleyne

Abstract Emerging research regarding the psychological correlates of nonhuman animal abuse is warranted by the high prevalence of abuse. The few studies to examine factors related to animal abuse have found that those who commit such offenses commonly experience dysfunctional childhoods and high anxiety levels. Yet, no study has examined how attachment styles (by-products of maladaptive childhoods), social-anxiety, and animal abuse proclivity are inter-related. Therefore, this study assessed the association between attachment styles and social anxiety as indicators of animal abuse proclivity within an adult sample. It was found that an anxious attachment significantly correlated with direct proclivity (i.e., animal as the perceived provocateur) while the relationship between social anxiety and indirect animal abuse proclivity (i.e., animal as the outlet for aggression) was mediated by avoidant attachment. These findings emphasize the importance of exploring how interpersonal relationships influence our relationship with animals, to advance treatment and assessment of animal abusers.


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