IQ DISCREPANCIES AMONG IMPULSIVE AND NON-IMPULSIVE INMATES

1992 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley N. Myers ◽  
Jon B. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Criminal Behaviour ◽  
Verbal Scale ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Performance Scale

The intention of this study was to examine the relationship between the right and left hemispheres of the brain and criminal behaviour. It was predicted that prisoners scoring higher on the Verbal scale than the Performance scale of the WAIS-R would tend to commit more analytical thought-out crimes. Those scoring higher on the Performance scale may be more impulsive type criminals and tend to commit crimes less thought out. A total of 51 inmates were tested with the WAIS-R. Inmates who scored lower on the Verbal scale than the Performance scale tended to be more impulsive. Due to the overlap in crimes committed by both types of criminals, it was recommended that future research in this area may include a third category of both impulsive-non-impulsive along with the separation of the two categories.

scholarly journals Multi-Hops Functional Connectivity Improves Individual Prediction of Fusiform Face Activation via a Graph Neural Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongya Wu ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Jun Feng
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Face Area ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

Brain connectivity plays an important role in determining the brain region’s function. Previous researchers proposed that the brain region’s function is characterized by that region’s input and output connectivity profiles. Following this proposal, numerous studies have investigated the relationship between connectivity and function. However, this proposal only utilizes direct connectivity profiles and thus is deficient in explaining individual differences in the brain region’s function. To overcome this problem, we proposed that a brain region’s function is characterized by that region’s multi-hops connectivity profile. To test this proposal, we used multi-hops functional connectivity to predict the individual face activation of the right fusiform face area (rFFA) via a multi-layer graph neural network and showed that the prediction performance is essentially improved. Results also indicated that the two-layer graph neural network is the best in characterizing rFFA’s face activation and revealed a hierarchical network for the face processing of rFFA.

Performance of Mexican American Children on Intelligence Tests

1978 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 438-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Clark Gerken
Keyword(s):  
Mexican American ◽  
Intelligence Tests ◽  
Primary Scale ◽  
Verbal Scale ◽  
Iq Scores ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
American Children ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Performance Scale

The purpose of this study was to consider the relationship of type of intelligence test (verbal with verbal directions, nonverbal with verbal directions, nonverbal with nonverbal directions), examiner group membership (Mexican American, bilingual Anglo American, monolingual Anglo American), and language dominance of the children (Spanish, bilingual, English) to the performance of Mexican American children on intelligence tests. The 25 children obtained significantly higher IQ scores on the Leiter International Performance Scale (LIPS) and the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) Performance Scale than on the WPPSI Verbal Scale and WPPSI Full Scales. No significant effect was found for examiner groups, but the dominant language of the child did significantly affect the scores on the intelligence tests with the Spanish dominant children obtaining the lowest mean IQ scores of all three groups.

Learning Style and Intelligence of Reading Disabled Students

1986 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 1243-1250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Sinatra ◽  
Louis Primavera ◽  
William J. Waked
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Learning Style ◽  
Spatial Domain ◽  
Disabled Students ◽  
Learning Style Inventory ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Verbal Scale ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Performance Scale ◽  
Reading Disabled

This study examined the relationship between elements of the Learning Style Inventory and various scales of the WISC—R for reading disabled students. Previous research generally suggests that reading disabled students have preferences that tap the visual-spatial domain and have higher WISC—R Performance Scale and subtest scores than Verbal Scale and subtest scores. Subjects with IQs of 90 or better on either the Verbal or Performance Scales of the WISC—R and a consistency score of 75 or better on the inventory were selected. Contrary to what might be expected, data generally showed a nonmeaningful pattern of correlations between scales of the Learning Style Inventory and WISC—R Performance-type functioning. However, as an important part of the validation of the inventory, lack of association between the two can be interpreted as support for its construct validity.

Narrative Representation Theory: Identifying the human language with superstructure

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 648-672
Author(s):  
Hirokuni Masuda
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Representation Theory ◽  
Human Language ◽  
Computational System ◽  
Language Faculty ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

Narrative Representation Theory (NRT), an evolved framework of Verse Analysis, has come into existence with the mission of explaining the operation of macro-systemic structure that could be hardwired in the brain. Based on the analyses of creoles or archetypal human languages, the theory puts forward the premise stating that the fundamental design of the human language faculty possesses the computational system for internalized discourse. The theory preserves the principles of Quint-patterning, Idea-formatting, N-ary-branching and X-numbering, complying respectively with the hierarchical orderings of constituency, the atomic elements of componentiality, the linear sequences of precedence and the specific measurement of terminal nodes. NRT tells that the macro-system of narrative superstructure must have emerged autonomously, yet links closely with the micro-system of phonology, morphology and syntax. This article explores for the first time scientific insights into the nature of human language, referring to recent research on the right cerebrum as well as on the prefrontal lobes of the brain, the relationship between mental disorders and their genetic deficiencies, and the investigations of human evolution during the period 200,000–40,000 years BP. All the converging evidence in biological sciences reinforces the hypothesis that the narrative superstructure of language faculty manifests as an inherent linguistic capacity in our mind.

Relationship between Hypnotic Susceptibility and Thermal Regulation: New Directions for Research

1983 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 627-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph L. Piedmont
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Middle Finger ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Thermal Regulation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hypnotic Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Score ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the relationship between hypnotic susceptibility and thermal regulation using biofeedback. 30 subjects were given the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C Immediately after the susceptibility score was determined, all subjects were given instructions to lower the peripheral skin temperature on the right middle finger. Subjects remained under hypnosis while they performed this task. A significant negative correlation (—.38) was found, in that the higher subjects' susceptibility, the better they were able to maintain a lower dermal temperature over trials. A 2 × 6 analysis of variance for low and high susceptibility with repeated measures yielded a significant main effect for subjects and a significant interaction of group × trials; highly susceptible subjects maintained a lower mean temperature over trials than subjects of low susceptibility. Issues for future research concerning the role of susceptibility in research on hypnosis are outlined.

The development of mesocerebral neurons in the snail Helix aspersa maxima

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 2034-2041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelley LaBerge ◽  
Ronald Chase
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Helix Aspersa ◽  
The Right ◽  
Snail Helix Aspersa ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Helix Aspersa Maxima

The neurons in the right mesocerebrum of Helix aspersa participate in the control of sexual behaviour. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between reproductive development and the development of mesocerebral neurons. The growth of right mesocerebral neurons was quantified by intracellular filling cells with hexamminecobalt chloride. It was found that the peak growth phase of the neurites preceded the peak growth phase of the penis by about 4 weeks. Comprehensive measurements from sectioned material showed that postembryonic growth in three regions of the brain was expressed as increases in soma diameters but not in neuron numbers. The rate of growth of neurons in the right mesocerebrum was significantly greater than that of neurons in the left mesocerebrum and the right postcerebrum. Ablations of the penis and dart sac did not affect the development of right mesocerebral neurons. Thus, no evidence was obtained for a trophic influence of the peripheral reproductive organs on the mesocerebrum.

scholarly journals Effects of Spontaneous Neural Activity during Learning Football Juggling—A Randomized Control Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4079
Author(s):  
Dandan Chen ◽  
Min Liu ◽  
Sebastian Klich ◽  
Lina Zhu ◽  
Xiaoxiao Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Spontaneous Neural Activity ◽  
Motion Learning ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
The Right ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

To establish the characteristics of spontaneous neural activity during learning football juggling. We used fMRI to see which parts of the brain were changed by learning football juggling. Through recruitment, 111 college students (37 females and 74 males) were selected and randomly divided into football juggling (FJ) (n = 68, 23 females and 45 males) and a control group (CON) (n = 43, 14 females and 29 males). The FJ group learned football juggling 70 times, while CON had regular study sessions at the same time. Static functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to measure the dynamic changes of spontaneous nerve activity during learning football juggling. The result shows that the ALFF value in the right cerebellum 8 area was significantly higher than that before the 70 times of learning football juggling. The present study provides initial evidence that learning football juggling 70 times effectively increased the level of spontaneous neural activity in the cerebellum region. These promising findings provide new evidence to fully reveal the relationship between motion learning and brain plasticity.

scholarly journals Multi-hops functional connectivity improves individual prediction of fusiform face activation via a graph neural network

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongya Wu ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Jun Feng
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Face Area ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

AbstractBrain connectivity plays an important role in determining the brain region’s function. Previous researchers proposed that the brain region’s function is characterized by that region’s input and output connectivity profiles. Following this proposal, numerous studies have investigated the relationship between connectivity and function. However, based on a preliminary analysis, this proposal is deficient in explaining individual differences in the brain region’s function. To overcome this problem, we proposed that a brain region’s function is characterized by that region’s multi-hops connectivity profile. To test this proposal, we used multi-hops functional connectivity to predict the individual face response of the right fusiform face area (rFFA) via a multi-layers graph neural network and showed that the prediction performance is essentially improved. Results also indicated that the 2-layers graph neural network is the best in characterizing rFFA’s face response and revealed a hierarchical network for the face processing of rFFA.

Aristotle, Connectionism, and the Morally Excellent Brain

1998 ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
David DeMoss
Keyword(s):  
Practical Reasoning ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Good Person ◽  
Moral Concepts ◽  
Wise Person ◽  
Moral Decisions ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

Can a mass of networked neurons produce moral human agents? I shall argue that it can; a brain can be morally excellent. A connectionist account of how the brain works can explain how a person might be morally excellent in Aristotle's sense of the term. According to connectionism, the brain is a maze of interconnections trained to recognize and respond to patterns of stimulation. According to Aristotle, a morally excellent human is a practically wise person trained in good habits. What an Aristotelian theory of ethics and a connectionist theory of mind have in common is the assumption that the successful mind/brain has the disposition to behave appropriately in appropriate circumstances. According to Aristotle, the good person knows the right end, desires and chooses to pursue it, and recognizes the right means to it. Thus the good person's brain must be able to form certain moral concepts, develop appropriate behavioral dispositions, and learn practical reasoning skills. I shall argue that this collection of the brain's cognitive capacities is best accounted for by a connectionist theory of the mind/brain. The human condition is both material and moral; we are brain-controlled bodies with ethical values. My essay seeks to understand the relationship between our brains and our values, between how the brain works and how we make moral decisions.

scholarly journals Parallel modulation of interhemispheric inhibition and the size of a cortical hand muscle representation during active contraction

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 368-377
Author(s):  
Claudia V. Turco ◽  
Hunter J. Fassett ◽  
Mitchell B. Locke ◽  
Jenin El-Sayes ◽  
Aimee J. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Noninvasive Brain Stimulation ◽  
Interhemispheric Inhibition ◽  
Active Contraction ◽  
Hand Muscle ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cortical Map ◽  
The Relationship

Interhemispheric inhibition (IHI) between motor cortexes is thought to suppress unwanted mirror movements during voluntary behaviors and can be assessed using paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The magnitude of IHI may be related to the size of the cortical representation for a given muscle as a mechanism for facilitating unimanual control. To date, the relationship between IHI and cortical muscle representations remains unknown. Fifteen healthy, right-handed individuals participated in the present study. IHI was examined in the right first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle by delivering conditioning TMS to ipsilateral (right) primary motor cortex (M1) followed by a test TMS pulse to contralateral (left) M1. The size of the FDI representation in M1 was determined by delivering suprathreshold TMS over a 5 × 5-cm grid centered on the FDI motor hotspot of the left M1. Both IHI and cortical territory were obtained during three conditions: rest, contralateral (right) FDI contraction, and ipsilateral (left) FDI contraction. Results indicate a significant association between IHI and the size of the FDI representation only in the context of contraction and not when the FDI muscle was relaxed. Specifically, reduced IHI corresponded to larger cortical FDI representations during both contralateral and ipsilateral contraction. These data demonstrate that, for a muscle of the hand, the magnitude of IHI and the cortical territory are associated within the context of muscle contraction. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study provides evidence from noninvasive brain stimulation that communication between the motor cortexes of the two hemispheres plays a role in shaping the motor cortical map that outputs to a hand muscle during active contraction of that muscle. This relationship exists only when the hand muscle is contracted. The findings presented further our understanding of motor control during unilateral movement and may inform future research targeting clinical populations that exhibit impaired unilateral control.

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