Narrative Representation Theory: Identifying the human language with superstructure

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 648-672
Author(s):  
Hirokuni Masuda
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Representation Theory ◽  
Human Language ◽  
Computational System ◽  
Language Faculty ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

Narrative Representation Theory (NRT), an evolved framework of Verse Analysis, has come into existence with the mission of explaining the operation of macro-systemic structure that could be hardwired in the brain. Based on the analyses of creoles or archetypal human languages, the theory puts forward the premise stating that the fundamental design of the human language faculty possesses the computational system for internalized discourse. The theory preserves the principles of Quint-patterning, Idea-formatting, N-ary-branching and X-numbering, complying respectively with the hierarchical orderings of constituency, the atomic elements of componentiality, the linear sequences of precedence and the specific measurement of terminal nodes. NRT tells that the macro-system of narrative superstructure must have emerged autonomously, yet links closely with the micro-system of phonology, morphology and syntax. This article explores for the first time scientific insights into the nature of human language, referring to recent research on the right cerebrum as well as on the prefrontal lobes of the brain, the relationship between mental disorders and their genetic deficiencies, and the investigations of human evolution during the period 200,000–40,000 years BP. All the converging evidence in biological sciences reinforces the hypothesis that the narrative superstructure of language faculty manifests as an inherent linguistic capacity in our mind.

scholarly journals Dr. A. I. Yushchenko. The relationship of the lower mesenteric sympathetic node to the innervation of the bladder and the volume of automatic movements of the last day. - Archive of Biological Sciences, T. VI, issue 5

2020 ◽  
Vol VI (4) ◽  
pp. 213-214
Author(s):  
B. I. Vorotynskiy
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
The Right ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

Physiology has not yet given us positive data on the function of the sympathetic nervous system. Only recently, histologists have been able to prove that the nerve cells located in large sympathetic nodes do not differ in their morphological properties from cells of the central nervous system. This gives the right to assume that in the sympathetic nodes there are independent centers that are in the same dependence on the higher centers, as, for example, the centers of the spinal cord from the brain. We have very little data on the relationship of the sympathetic nervous system to the innervations of the bladder. On this basis, the author began to study this issue in the physiological laboratory of prof. Pavlova at the M. Academy.

IQ DISCREPANCIES AMONG IMPULSIVE AND NON-IMPULSIVE INMATES

1992 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley N. Myers ◽  
Jon B. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Criminal Behaviour ◽  
Verbal Scale ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Performance Scale

The intention of this study was to examine the relationship between the right and left hemispheres of the brain and criminal behaviour. It was predicted that prisoners scoring higher on the Verbal scale than the Performance scale of the WAIS-R would tend to commit more analytical thought-out crimes. Those scoring higher on the Performance scale may be more impulsive type criminals and tend to commit crimes less thought out. A total of 51 inmates were tested with the WAIS-R. Inmates who scored lower on the Verbal scale than the Performance scale tended to be more impulsive. Due to the overlap in crimes committed by both types of criminals, it was recommended that future research in this area may include a third category of both impulsive-non-impulsive along with the separation of the two categories.

scholarly journals Algorithmic memory and the right to be forgotten on the web

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 205395171770399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Esposito
Keyword(s):  
Digital Processing ◽  
Human Information Processing ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Digital Memory ◽  
Right To Be Forgotten ◽  
The Right ◽  
Human Actors ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Web

The debate on the right to be forgotten on Google involves the relationship between human information processing and digital processing by algorithms. The specificity of digital memory is not so much its often discussed inability to forget. What distinguishes digital memory is, instead, its ability to process information without understanding. Algorithms only work with data (i.e. with differences) without remembering or forgetting. Merely calculating, algorithms manage to produce significant results not because they operate in an intelligent way, but because they “parasitically” exploit the intelligence, the memory, and the attribution of meaning by human actors. The specificity of algorithmic processing makes it possible to bypass the paradox of remembering to forget, which up to now blocked any human-based forgetting technique. If you decide to forget some memory, the most immediate effect is drawing attention to it, thereby activating remembering. Working differently from human intelligence, however, algorithms can implement, for the first time, the classical insight that it might be possible to reinforce forgetting not by erasing memories but by multiplying them. After discussing several projects on the web which implicitly adopt this approach, the article concludes by raising some deeper problems posed when algorithms use data and metadata to produce information that cannot be attributed to any human being.

scholarly journals Multi-Hops Functional Connectivity Improves Individual Prediction of Fusiform Face Activation via a Graph Neural Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongya Wu ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Jun Feng
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Face Area ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

Brain connectivity plays an important role in determining the brain region’s function. Previous researchers proposed that the brain region’s function is characterized by that region’s input and output connectivity profiles. Following this proposal, numerous studies have investigated the relationship between connectivity and function. However, this proposal only utilizes direct connectivity profiles and thus is deficient in explaining individual differences in the brain region’s function. To overcome this problem, we proposed that a brain region’s function is characterized by that region’s multi-hops connectivity profile. To test this proposal, we used multi-hops functional connectivity to predict the individual face activation of the right fusiform face area (rFFA) via a multi-layer graph neural network and showed that the prediction performance is essentially improved. Results also indicated that the two-layer graph neural network is the best in characterizing rFFA’s face activation and revealed a hierarchical network for the face processing of rFFA.

scholarly journals Bilinguals have a single computational system but two compartmentalized phonological grammars: Evidence from code-switching

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah Gosselin
Keyword(s):  
Code Switching ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Natural Speech ◽  
Human Language ◽  
Computational System ◽  
Language Faculty ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Context Of Use ◽  
Syntactic Dependencies ◽  
Linguistic Models

Classic linguistic models, such as Chomsky’s minimalist schematization of the human language faculty, were typically based on a ‘monolingual ideal’. More recently, models have been extended to bilingual cognition. For instance, MacSwan (2000) posited that bilinguals possess a single syntactic computational system and, crucially, two (or more) phonological grammars. The current paper examines this possible architecture of the bilingual language faculty by using code-switching data, since this type of speech is unique to bilingual and multilingual individuals. Specifically, the natural speech Maria, a habitual Spanish-English code-switcher from the Bangor Miami Corpus, was examined. For the interface of phonology, an analysis was completed on the frequency of syllabic structures used by Maria. Phonotactics were examined as Spanish and English impose differential restrictions on complex onsets and codas. The results indicated that Maria’s language of use impacted the phonotactics of her speech, but that the context of use (unilingual or code-switched) did not. This suggests that Maria was alternating between two independent phonological grammars when she was code-switching. For the interface of morphosyntax, syntactic dependencies within Maria’s code-switched speech and past literature were consulted. The evidence illustrates that syntactic dependencies are indeed established within code-switched sentences, indicating that such constructions are derived from a single syntactic subset. Thus, the quantitative and qualitative results from this paper wholly support MacSwan’s original conjectures regarding the bilingual language faculty: bilingual cognition appears to be composed of a single computational system which builds multi-language syntactic structures, and more than one phonological grammar.

A Remark by Philip Hall

1958 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. de B. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Representation Theory ◽  
Symmetric Group ◽  
Linear Group ◽  
Characteristic Zero ◽  
Irreducible Representations ◽  
Young Diagrams ◽  
Linear Transformations ◽  
Modern Physics ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the representation theory of the full linear group GL(d) of all non-singular linear transformations of degree d over a field of characteristic zero and that of the symmetric group Sn goes back to Schur and has been expounded by Weyl in his classical groups, [4; cf also 2 and 3]. More and more, the significance of continuous groups for modern physics is being pressed on the attention of mathematicians, and it seems worth recording a remark made to the author by Philip Hall in Edmonton.As is well known, the irreducible representations of Sn are obtainable from the Young diagrams [λ]=[λ1, λ2 ,..., λr] consisting of λ1 nodes in the first row, λ2 in the second row, etc., where λ1≥λ2≥ ... ≥λr and Σ λi = n. If we denote the jth node in the ith row of [λ] by (i,j) then those nodes to the right of and below (i,j), constitute, along with the (i,j) node itself, the (i,j)-hook of length hij.

scholarly journals Diet, Stress and Mental Health

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2428 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Douglas Bremner ◽  
Kasra Moazzami ◽  
Matthew T. Wittbrodt ◽  
Jonathon A. Nye ◽  
Bruno B. Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Causal Pathways ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fats ◽  
As Stress ◽  
Acute Changes ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

Introduction: There has long been an interest in the effects of diet on mental health, and the interaction of the two with stress; however, the nature of these relationships is not well understood. Although associations between diet, obesity and the related metabolic syndrome (MetS), stress, and mental disorders exist, causal pathways have not been established. Methods: We reviewed the literature on the relationship between diet, stress, obesity and psychiatric disorders related to stress. Results: Diet and obesity can affect mood through direct effects, or stress-related mental disorders could lead to changes in diet habits that affect weight. Alternatively, common factors such as stress or predisposition could lead to both obesity and stress-related mental disorders, such as depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Specific aspects of diet can lead to acute changes in mood as well as stimulate inflammation, which has led to efforts to assess polyunsaturated fats (PUFA) as a treatment for depression. Bidirectional relationships between these different factors are also likely. Finally, there has been increased attention recently on the relationship between the gut and the brain, with the realization that the gut microbiome has an influence on brain function and probably also mood and behavior, introducing another way diet can influence mental health and disorders. Brain areas and neurotransmitters and neuropeptides that are involved in both mood and appetite likely play a role in mediating this relationship. Conclusions: Understanding the relationship between diet, stress and mood and behavior could have important implications for the treatment of both stress-related mental disorders and obesity.

Recht zur Intervention – Pflicht zur Intervention?

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Contractual Relationships ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Do So

The responsibility to protect and intervention possessed a central political importance in the early modern period. This volume asks whether there was also a duty to intervene alongside the right to do so. This draws attention to the relationship between the responsibility to protect, security and reputation, which is the focus of the contributions the book contains. Chronologically, they range from the 15th to the 18th centuries and discuss monarchical duties to protect, alliance commitments, confessional legitimation and motives, as well as those based on patronage, contractual relationships and electoral processes. One of the book’s important findings is a deeper understanding of reputation, which is comprehensively examined here as a political guiding factor with reference to changing understandings of security for the first time.

Minimal Computation and the Architecture of Language

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noam Chomsky
Keyword(s):  
Basic Property ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Human Language ◽  
Language Faculty ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
The Brain

AbstractThe article argues that humans are endowed with an inborn language faculty. The ‘Basic Property’ of language is defined as a finitely-specified procedure represented in the brain, which generates a discrete infinity of hierarchically structured expressions. These unordered structures are linked to two interfaces: (i) the sensorimotor interface and (ii) the conceptual-intentional interface. The sensorimotor interface externalizes and linearizes internal structures, usually in the sound modality. Externalization and linearization account for the structural diversity of the world’s languages. Human language did not evolve from simpler communication systems. The available evidence suggests that language is primarily an instrument of thought, not of communication.

COMPLEXITY-BASED ANALYSIS OF BRAINS’ SYNCHRONIZATION IN HUMAN–HUMAN INTERACTION

Fractals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (07) ◽  
pp. 2050102 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOHAMED RASMI ASHFAQ AHAMED ◽  
MOHAMMAD HOSSEIN BABINI ◽  
NAJMEH PAKNIYAT ◽  
HAMIDREZA NAMAZI
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Physiological Signals ◽  
Eeg Signals ◽  
Human Voice ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

Talking is the most common type of human interaction that people have in their daily life. Besides all conducted studies on the analysis of human behavior in different conditions, no study has been reported yet that analyzed how the brain activity of two persons is related during their conversation. In this research, for the first time, we investigate the relationship between brain activities of people while communicating, considering human voice as the mean of this connection. For this purpose, we employ fractal analysis in order to investigate how the complexity of electroencephalography (EEG) signals for two persons are related. The results showed that the variations of complexity of EEG signals for two persons are correlated while communicating. Statistical analysis also supported the result of analysis. Therefore, it can be stated that the brain activities of two persons are correlated during communication. Fractal analysis can be employed to analyze the correlation between other physiological signals of people while communicating.

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