scholarly journals MANIFESTATION OF "DIRECTION OF VIEW" MEANING IN THE SEMANTICS OF KHAKAS VERB КÖР- "LOOK, SEE"

2018 ◽  
pp. 144-154
Author(s):  
Maria D. Chertykova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Current Paper ◽  
Subordinate Clause ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Turkic Languages ◽  
The Common ◽  
Analytic Potential

The current paper aims at describing the semantic structure of the common Türkic verb кöр- «look, see» and identifying the relevant features in its semantics. Particularly, the meaning of «direction of view» is analyzed when the verb is joined by a noun in the accusative and directional cases, a subordinate clause describing specific situations as well as adverbs with the corresponding meaning. Being polysemantic, the verb, beside its direct meaning, is characterized by 8 indirect ones that are common for other Turkic languages; they are related to 3 spheres: social, emotional, and mental. In addition to those, 4 other lexical-semantic variants were found that preserve the seme of perceptiveness, although it is not dominant in them. All these findings demonstrate huge word-building, high structural and analytic potential of this verb in the Khakas language.

scholarly journals ХАКАССКИЕ ПЕРИФЕРИЙНЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ СО ЗНАЧЕНИЕМ ЗРИТЕЛЬНОГО ВОСПРИЯТИЯ И ИХ ЛЕКСИЧЕСКИЕ СООТВЕТСТВИЯ В ДРУГИХ ТЮРКСКИХ ЯЗЫКАХ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariya Chertykova
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Cognitive Analysis ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Turkic Languages ◽  
The Common ◽  
Semantic Shift

Статья посвящена выявлению и описанию дифференциальных особенностей семантики периферийных глаголов со значением зрительного восприятия. В данную подгруппу мы классифицируем семь хакасских глаголов, выражающих различные стороны зрительного акта, из них четыре глагола имеют лексические соответствия в других тюркских языках. В ходе семантико-когнитивного анализа материала выявляются общие и отличительные особенности этих глаголов. Таким образом, выявлено, что лексические соответствия хакасских глаголов хара- «пристально смотреть; обозревать», пахла- «подсматривать, заглядывать» в других тюркских языках (например, в турецком, азербайджанском, татарском, башкирском, казахском) имеют обширную семантическую структуру и в результате развития многозначности они могут демонстрировать ослабление исходного перцептивного признака в последующих вторичных значениях. Глагол хара- / кара-, помимо перцептивного обозначения, указывает и на другие сферы человеческой деятельности, например, в азербайджанском, каракалпакском языках данный глагол обладает лексико-семантическим вариантом (ЛСВ) «подчиняться». В татарском, башкирском и др. языках данный глагол в силу частотности употребления, принимает на себя модальное значение «попробовать». Проанализированы также семантические составляющие глаголов, характерных (по нашим наблюдениям) для хакасского языка. В сибирских тюркских же языках эти глаголы в своих ЛСВ обычно сохраняют перцептивную сему, только тув.: каракта- и тоф.: қарақта- показывают семантический сдвиг в плане когнитивного соотношения зрительного и ментального процессов. По нашим наблюдениям, характерными для хакасского языка оказались глаголы: хылчаңна-, хайбағын-, маркированные семой «[смотреть], поворачивая голову» и глагол аңды-, актуализирующий признак целенаправленности и концентрации зрительного акта.The article is devoted to the identification and description of the differential features of the semantics of peripheral verbs with the meaning of visual perception. In this subgroup, we classify seven Khakass verbs expressing various aspects of the visual act, of which four verbs have lexical correspondences in other Turkic languages. In the course of semantic-cognitive analysis of the material, the common and distinctive features of these verbs are revealed. Thus, it has been revealed that the lexical correspondences of the Khakass verbs хара- «watch closely; observe», пахла- «peep, peep» in other Turkic languages (for example, Turkish, Azeri, Tatar, Bashkir, Kazakh) have an extensive semantic structure and as a result of the development of ambiguity, they can demonstrate a weakening of the original perceptive trait in subsequent secondary values. The verb хара- / кара-, in addition to perceptual designation, indicates other spheres of human activity, for example, in the Azerbaijani, Karakalpak languages, this verb has the LSW «to obey». In the Tatar, Bashkir and other languages, this verb, due to its frequency of use, assumes the modal meaning «try». The semantic components of the verbs characteristic (according to our observations) for the Khakass language are also analyzed. In the Siberian Turkic languages, these verbs in their lexico-semantic variants (LSV) usually retain perceptual semo, only tuv.: каракта- and tof.: қарақта- show the semantic shift in terms of the cognitive relation of the visual and mental processes. According to our observations, the characteristic verses for Khakass were: хылчаңна-, хайбағын-, marked with sema «[watch], turning the head» and verb аңды-, the actualizing sign of focus and concentration of the visual act.

scholarly journals Patterns of semantics forming for the -out component 
in verb-adverbial compounds

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-96
Author(s):  
Aiiana A. Ozonova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Modeling ◽  
Comparative Methods ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Structural Types ◽  
Turkic Languages ◽  
The Common ◽  
Semantic Types ◽  
Course Of Study

The current paper aims to analyze structural types of polypredicative sentences of purpose in the Altai language in comparison with Tuvan and Yakut. The material for this study was obtained by continuous sampling from folklore, fiction and Press in the Altai language. For comparison with Tuvan and Yakut, books and articles covering grammar issues of those languages, particularly syntax, were used. In the course of study, descriptive and comparative methods were applied together with the method of structural modeling. It was found that in order to express purpose, the following patterns are used: (i) monofinite (participial-case, participial-postpositional, adverbial-participial), and (ii) bifinite with conjunctions. The comparison showed that the systems of patterns expressing purpose in the languages differ in syntactic arrangement, postpositions and participial-case forms. This study enabled to identify 6 patterns of purpose in Altai compared to 8 in Tuvan described by L. A. Shamina and 14 in Yakut identified by N. N. Efremova. Clearly, Yakut demonstrates the most developed system of the patterns. It was also found that in all the three languages, monofinite patterns are dominant. Two patterns were identified as common for the three languages: (i) monofinite participial pattern with reason-purpose postposition учун / ужун / иhин 'because of, in oder to', and (ii) bifinite pattern with the common Turkic link деп / диэн 'in order to'. Another finding was that adverbial-participial patterns are mono-subject while participial-case and participial-postpositional patterns are variable-subject. The outlook for further study will include semantic types and functioning analysis of the patterns of purpose in Altai compared to other Siberian Turkic languages.

STRUCTURAL CONSTRUCTION OF LEXEME “TORTMOQ” IN OLD UZBEK LITERARY LANGUAGE DURING ALISHER NAVAI PERIOD

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Khamidulla Dadaboyev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Word Usage ◽  
The Common

This article is devoted to the analysis of the semantic structure of the common Turkic word “tortmoq” “pull, drag” on the example of factual materials recorded in the ancient Turkic, Old Turkic and Old Uzbek written monuments. The analysis showed that intralinguistic and extralinguistic factors, the possibilities of the Uzbek language in the process of expressing the meaning of this vocabulary, as well as the mastery of word usage by one author or another, played a certain role in the formation and development of the semantic scale of the lexeme. The conclusions can be used in enriching the point of view regarding semasiology, in improving the explanatory dictionary of the Uzbek language

scholarly journals SEMANTIC AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CASES IN THE OLD TURKIC LANGUAGE

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
Zh. Belassarova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Formal System ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Partial Difference ◽  
Personal Nature ◽  
Turkic Languages

The article deals with the categories of cases in the Turkic languages. Turkic languages consist of applications such as suffixes and endings , according to their belonging to the group of connected languages. In the ancient Turkic script, there is a category of existing kinship, among the Turkic languages that are being updated and used today. However, due to historical and geographical changes, it is obvious that the neighboring countries have not suffered in terms of language. Despite the fact that the historical path of development and the nature of the formation of declensions in the Kazakh language is identical to other Turkic languages, there is a partial difference. It can be said that Kazakh scientists have deeply studied the system of declension and its semantic and personal nature. Special attention in the Kazakh language is paid to the formal system of cases, in the works of M. Tomanov the semantic structure of cases is analyzed. The article analyzes this issue in detail.

A Bayesian approach to the classification of the Turkic languages

2020 ◽  
pp. 114-124
Author(s):  
Alexander Savelyev
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Approach ◽  
Controversial Issue ◽  
Language Family ◽  
Independent Verification ◽  
Linguistic History ◽  
The Family ◽  
Turkic Languages ◽  
The Common ◽  
Widespread View

Despite more than 150 years of research, the internal structure of the Turkic language family remains a controversial issue. In this study, the Bayesian phylogenetic approach is employed in order to provide an independent verification of the contemporary views on Turkic linguistic history. The data underlying the study are Turkic basic vocabularies, which are resistant to replacement and likely to reflect the genealogical relationships among the Turkic languages. The method tested in the chapter is based on the strict clock model of evolution, which assumes that relevant changes occur at the same rate at every branch of the family. This study supports the widespread view that the binary split between Bulgharic and Common Turkic was the earliest split in the Turkic family. The model further replicates most of the conventional subgroups within the Common Turkic branch. Based on a Bayesian analysis, the time depth of Proto-Turkic is estimated to be around 2,119 years BP, which is in accordance with the traditional estimates of 2,000–2,500 years BP.

Light and heavy reflexive marking

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 239-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreea S. Calude
Keyword(s):  
Current Paper ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Semantic Property ◽  
Human Language ◽  
Middle Domain ◽  
Cognitive Theories ◽  
The Common ◽  
Situation Types ◽  
Middle Constructions ◽  
Insight Into

In Romanian, the middle marker se is employed to encode five distinct situation types: reflexive, reciprocal, (medio-)passive, inchoative and impersonal. This work identifies the relationships among the different uses of the marker and puts forward explanations for them within a cognitive, functional framework. Following studies such as those by Faltz (1985), Haiman (1983), Haspelmath (2005), Kemmer (1993ab), Lakoff (1977), Manoliu-Manea (1994, 2000), Maldonado (1992, 1999), Manney (2000), and Yoshimura and Taylor (2004), the current paper gives a synchronic account of the Romanian Middle Domain, its organization and the relationships between the various middle constructions found inside it. Findings suggest that the semantic property of low elaboration of events (introduced by Kemmer, 1993ab) constitutes the common denominator among the different uses explored. This work provides an insight into Romanian itself, as well as a contribution to cognitive theories of human language and responds to the call for more data and further investigations of middles cross-linguistically (see Smith, 2004).

scholarly journals Explanatory constructions in the Altai language (in literary and academic texts)

2020 ◽  
pp. 205-223
Author(s):  
A. A. Ozonova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Models ◽  
Strategy Choice ◽  
Main Clause ◽  
Subordinate Clause ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Subordinate Clauses ◽  
Academic Texts ◽  
Semantic Types

We analyze the structural and semantic types of Altai polypredicative explanatory construc-tions (in literary and academic texts). Explanatory relations are expressed by two types of constructions: monofinite (with the infinite predicate in the subordinate clause) and bifinite (with the finite predicate in the main and subordinate clauses and their relation being analyti-cally indicated by the linking unit or connector dep). The semantic-grammatical type of the predicate in the main clause defines the semantic distinctiveness of explanatory sentences and the structural models of constructions corresponding to the semantic types. The strategy choice of the subordinate sentence structure primarily depends on the semantics of the main predicate. The verbs of three lexical-semantic groups (thought, speech, and emotion) predom-inantly function as a predicate of the main predicate unit. These verbs have their peculiarities in semantics and usage. For example, speech verbs are actively used in bifinite poly- predicative constructions and much less in monofinite constructions. Verbs of perception sug-gest only sensory interpretations in monofinite constructions. However, in bifinite construc-tions, they also contain epistemic elements. The academic text specificity is characterized by the wide use of the verbs of thought and speech, deductive evaluative predicates as main pred-icates in polypredicative constructions. The functionally subordinate clauses may serve as ei-ther a subject or an object. In the Altai language, the subordinate clause, as a predicate object, contains possessive and case affixes of the accusative, dative, ablative, instrumental, and loca-tive cases. When being a predicative subject, a subordinate clause takes the form of a nomina-tive sentence with possessive affixes denoting the grammatical meaning of the action per-former person. Bifinite constructions with verbs from various lexical-semantic groups share a subordinate subject in nominative or accusative cases, while the monofinite construction subordinate subjects have genitive or nominative cases.

scholarly journals What psych verbs and other verbs disclose about the role of Semantic Prominence and Thematic Hierarchy in affixal selection

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-69
Author(s):  
Alexandra Soares Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
European Portuguese ◽  
Psych Verbs

This paper analyses the construction of deverbal adjectives in European Portuguese, focusing on the interface between morphology and semantics, specifically on the role of Thematic Hierarchy and Semantic Prominence on affixal selection.Supported by paradigmatic morphology, the paper shows that suffixes that work in macro-paradigms of deverbal adjectives establish a relationship with specific semantic features of the lexical-semantic structure of the base verb in order to construct the derivative. The analysis concludes that suffixes are sensitive to thematic hierarchy, which is based on the semantic prominence of features of the verbs’ theta-roles at work in the paradigm. Data from psych verbs is highly relevant to this finding.The paper is dedicated to Professor Ana Maria Brito, who has always been keenly aware that scientific knowledge is not confined to a specific theory.

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