Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Phenolics and Antioxidants from Propolis for Stabilization of Sunflower Oil

Propolis is one of the byproducts of honey bees; it contains many phenolic compounds which are some of the most important natural antioxidants. The present study examined the antioxidant activity of propolis and its role in the stability of sunflower oil as a natural antioxidant in the form of Box–Behnken design. The extraction process was performed using an ultrasonic bath method with two factors in three levels which included 18 assays by the response surface methods. The investigated variables included the concentration of the extract (min: 30 and max: 1000 ppm), the extraction time (min: 10 and max: 30 minutes), and temperature (min: 37.5 and max: 50°C). After analysis of the data in optimal conditions, the concentration of propolis ethanol extract, extraction temperature, and extraction time was determined as 997.5 ppm, 34.6°C, and 30 min, respectively. In this condition, the total phenolic compounds and the free-radical scavenging properties were reported as 253.1mgGAE/100gDW and 85.9%, respectively. The result of the evaluation of the oxidative stability of the optimized sample oil showed reduced peroxide and thiobarbituric acid index compared to the control sample and synthetic antioxidants (BHT); also, the oil stability improved significantly over time.

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Development of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl Fruits Using Response Surface Methodology On Phenolic, Flavonoid and Antioxidants Properties

10.20944/preprints201801.0022.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Khurul Ain Mohamed Mahzir ◽

Siti Salwa Abdul Gani ◽

Nor Fadzillah Mokhtar

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Feed Ratio ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Phaleria Macrocarpa

In this study, the optimal condition for the extraction of antioxidants from the fruit Buah Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) was determined by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The optimization was applied using central composite design (CCD) to investigate the three independent variables, namely extraction temperature (oC), extraction time (minutes) and extraction solvent to-feed ratio (%v/v) on the responses of free radical scavenging activity (DPPH), ferric ion reducing power assay (FRAP), total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC).The optimal conditions for the antioxidants extraction were found to be extraction temperature (64oC), extraction time (66 minutes) and solvent to-feed ratio (75 %v/v) with the highest percentage yield of DPPH, FRAP, TPC and TFC were 86.85%, 7.47%, 292.86 mg/g and 3.22 mg/g respectively. Moreover, the data were subjected to response surface methodology (RSM) and the results showed that the polynomial equations for all models were significant, did not show lack of fit, and presented adjusted determination coefficients (R2) above 99%, proving the yield of phenolic, flavonoid and antioxidants activities obtained experimentally were close to the predicted values and the suitability of the model employed in RSM to optimize the extraction conditions. Hence, in this study, the fruit from P.macrocarpa could be considered to have the strong antioxidant ability and can be used in various cosmeceutical or medicinal applications.

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Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from Gomphrena celosioides Mart. using response surface methodology

Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia ◽

10.4314/bcse.v34i2.3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 237-248

Author(s):

N. T. H. Yen ◽

L. P. T. Quoc

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Solid Ratio ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasound Assisted ◽

Gomphrena Celosioides ◽

Experimental Values

In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was used to extract bioactive compounds from Gomphrena celosioides Mart. Central composite face design (CCF) was used to optimize the influences of extraction factors on total phenolics content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC), and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging capacity (DPPH-RSC). The results obtained showed that all factors (solvent to solid ratio, extraction time and extraction temperature) strongly affected TPC, TFC, and DPPH-RSC. The optimal extraction conditions for TPC (3.123 mg GAE/g DW), TFC (1.736 mg QE/g DW), and DPPH-RSC (64.118%) were solvent to solid ratio of 27.3/1 (mL/g), extraction time of 40.2 min, and extraction temperature of 69 oC. In addition, under the optimal conditions, the results pointed out that the experimental values agreed with those predicted. Hence, this model has successfully optimized the extraction conditions for TPC, TFC and DPPH-RSC of Gomphrena celosioides extract. KEY WORDS: Antioxidant activity, CCF, Flavonoids, Model, Phenolic compounds, Regression equation Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2020, 34(2), 237-248 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v34i2.3

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ULTRASOUND-ASSISTED EXTRACTION ANTIOKSIDAN SERAT PANGAN DARI TONGKOL JAGUNG (Zea mays L.)

CHEMISTRY PROGRESS ◽

10.35799/cp.12.2.2019.27932 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Edi Suryanto ◽

Mercy R. I. Taroreh

Keyword(s):

Dietary Fiber ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Acetone Extract ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Phenolic Components ◽

Ultrasound Assisted

ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan pengaruh pelarut dan waktu ekstraksi berbantu ultrasonik dari tepung serat pangan tak larut (SPTL) dari tongkol jagung dan aktivitas antioksidannya. Etanol dan aseton digunakan untuk mengektrak komponen fenolik dri tepung IDF tongkol jagung dengan waktu ekstraksi (30, 60, 90, 120, 150 dan 180 menit) pada dievaluasi berdasarkan kandungan fenolik dan aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol memiliki kandungan fenolik tertinggi dibandingkan dengan aseton ekstrak semua tingkat waktu ekstraksi. Hasil ini juga menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang lebih kuat dalam aktivitas pemulungan radikal dan mengurangi daya antioksidan. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa waktu ekstraksi dan jenis pelarut mempengaruhi total kandungan fenolik dan aktivitas antioksidan. Kata kunci: ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine solvents effect and extraction time of ultrasound-assisted extraction of corncob insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) powder and their antioxidant activities. Ethanol and acetone were used to extract phenolic components from corncob IDF powder with extraction time (30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min) in an ultrasonic bath (Krisbow 42 kHz, 50 watt). The both extracts were evaluated on the phenolic content and antioxidant activity with spectrophotometry method. The results of the phenolics content expressed in μg/mL of gallic acid equivalent showed that ethanol extract has highest phenolic content compared with acetone extract of all the extraction time. The radical scavenging activity of extract ethanol exhibited strong than acetone extract of all extraction time tested. The result also showed that the ethanol extract has highest the total antioxidant capacity compared with acetone extract at all extraction time. This result suggest that corncob IDF powder especially the ethanol extract are very rich in phenolic component which is potential as antioxidant dietary fiber.Keyword: corncob, dietary fiber, ultrasonic, extraction time, phenolic, antioxidant

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Analysis of Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic Content in Garcinia mangostana Using Response Surface Methodology

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1113.217 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1113 ◽

pp. 217-222

Author(s):

Ummi Kalthum Ibrahim ◽

Amira Sofea Mahamad Husin ◽

Ruzitah Mohd Salleh

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Response Surface ◽

Total Phenolic Content ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Garcinia Mangostana ◽

Different Parts

This study investigates the antioxidant activity and total phenolic content on different parts of Garcinia mangostana which are pericarp, leaf, fruit, and seed. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was used to determine the antioxidant activity and the total phenolic content was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method. Response surface method (RSM) was used to determine the effect of the two extraction variables: extraction time (30-120 minutes) and extraction temperature (30-50°C) on yield of total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of different parts of Garcinia mangostana. The significant factors on each experimental design response were identified from the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The best condition for total phenolic content of different parts of Garcinia mangostana was chosen based on the desirability obtained by using extraction temperature of 30°C and extraction time of 60.09 minutes, which resulted in 0.0274 mg GAE/g of total phenolic content in pericarp, 0.2501 mg GAE/g of total phenolic content in leaf, 0.0202 mg GAE/g of total phenolic content in fruit, and 0.0198 mg GAE/g of total phenolic content in seed of Garcinia mangostana. Under this conditions, it was found that the antioxidant activity of pericarp, leaf, fruit, and seed of Garcinia mangostana were 89.45%, 86.58%, 93.33%, and 78.80% of radical scavenging activity, respectively.

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Green Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Lotus Seedpod (Receptaculum Nelumbinis) Assisted by Ultrasound Coupled with Glycerol

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10020239 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 239

Author(s):

Nina Bao ◽

Di Wang ◽

Xizhe Fu ◽

Hujun Xie ◽

Guizhen Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Glycerol Concentration ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Characteristic Functional ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Ultrasonic Time

Lotus Receptaculum Nelumbinis has been sparking wide research interests due to its rich phenolic compounds. In the present work, ultrasonic-assisted extraction coupled with glycerol was employed to extract phenolic compounds from Receptaculum Nelumbinis and the process was optimized using a response surface methodology with Box-Behnken design (BBD). The optimal conditions for the total phenolic content (TPC) extract were obtained: glycerol concentration of 40%, an extraction temperature of 66 °C, ultrasonic time of 44 min, and the solvent-to-solid ratio of 55 mL/g. Under these optimum extraction conditions, the extraction yield of TPC was 92.84 ± 2.13 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) /g. Besides, the antioxidant activities demonstrated the ability of free radical scavenging by four different methods that included 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and reducing activity (RA) were 459.73 ± 7.07, 529.97 ± 7.30, 907.61 ± 20.28, and 983.66 ± 11.80 μmol TE/g, respectively. Six phenolic compounds were identified by ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography combined with triple-time-of-flight mass spectrophotometry (UPLC-Triple-TOF/MS) from the extracts. Meanwhile, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) was conducted to identify the characteristic functional groups of the extracts and thus reflected the presence of polyphenols and flavonoids. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) illustrated the microstructure difference of four treatments, which might explain the relationships between antioxidant activities and the structures of phenolic compounds.

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A Sustainable Approach for Extracting Non-Extractable Phenolic Compounds from Mangosteen Peel Using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction and Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11125625 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 5625

Author(s):

Merichel Plaza ◽

Gloria Domínguez-Rodríguez ◽

Cristina Sahelices ◽

María Luisa Marina

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Size Exclusion ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Mangosteen Peel ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽

Ultrasound Assisted

Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) peel is a potential source of phenolic compounds with beneficial properties. Natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES) have been considered an environmentally friendly and cheap alternative to conventional organic solvents. In this work, a green extraction methodology was developed using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and NaDES for the extraction of antioxidant non-extractable polyphenols (NEPs) from mangosteen peel. To select the best NaDES to extract NEPs from mangosteen peel, seven NaDES were studied. Antioxidant capacity and total phenolic and proanthocyanidin contents were determined for the extracts. The molecular weights for the NEPs present in those extracts were evaluated by size exclusion chromatography. Experimental results showed that choline chloride–lactic acid (1:2) was the NaDES allowing the highest antioxidant proanthocyanidin content in the extracts. A Box–Behnken experimental design was employed to optimize the main parameters in UAE with NaDES: water percentage, ultrasound amplitude, and extraction time. The optimal extraction conditions were 18.8% (v/v) water, 60% ultrasound amplitude, and 15 min as the extraction time. In addition, the cytotoxicity of the NEP extracts obtained under optimal extraction conditions was evaluated. Results indicated for the first time that the use of NaDES in combination with UAE could be a sustainable alternative for the extraction of antioxidant NEPs from mangosteen peel for important applications in the food, pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and cosmetic fields, as the extracts presented low cytotoxicity.

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Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Black Locust (Robiniae Pseudoacaciae) Flowers and Comparison with Conventional Methods

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox8080248 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 248 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Ivana Savic Gajic ◽

Ivan Savic ◽

Ivana Boskov ◽

Stanko Žerajić ◽

Ivana Markovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Total Phenolic Content ◽

Plant Material ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Black Locust ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasound Assisted

The aim of this study was to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from black locust (Robiniae pseudoacaciae) flowers using central composite design. The ethanol concentration (33–67%), extraction temperature (33–67 °C), and extraction time (17–33 min) were analyzed as the factors that impact the total phenolic content. The liquid-to-solid ratio of 10 cm3 g−1 was the same during extractions. The optimal conditions were found to be 59 °C, 60% (v/v) ethanol, and extraction time of 30 min. The total phenolic content (TPC = 3.12 gGAE 100 g−1 dry plant material) and antioxidant activity (IC50 = 120.5 µg cm−3) of the extract obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction were compared with those obtained by maceration (TPC = 2.54 gGAE 100 g−1 dry plant material, IC50 = 150.6 µg cm−3) and Soxhlet extraction (TPC = 3.22 gGAE 100 g−1 dry plant material, IC50 = 204.2 µg cm−3). The ultrasound-assisted extraction gave higher total phenolic content and better antioxidant activity for shorter extraction time so that it represents the technique of choice for the extraction of phenolic compounds. The obtained extract, as the source of antioxidants, can be applied in the pharmaceutical and food industries.

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Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Phenolics from Sideritis raeseri Using Response Surface Methodology

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26133949 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (13) ◽

pp. 3949

Author(s):

Katarina Šavikin ◽

Jelena Živković ◽

Teodora Janković ◽

Nada Ćujić-Nikolić ◽

Gordana Zdunić ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Ethanol Concentration ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Solvent Ratio ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasound Assisted

In this study we define the optimal conditions for ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive polyphenols from S. raeseri aerial parts using response surface methodology. The influence of ethanol concentration (10–90%), extraction temperature (20–80 °C), extraction time (10–60 min), and solid-to-solvent ratio (1:10–1:50) on total phenolic content as well as on content of individual flavonoids, and hypolaetin and isoscutellarein derivatives was studied. For the experimental design, a central composite design was chosen. In the obtained extracts, the following ranges of targeted compounds were detected: total phenol from 19.32 to 47.23 mg GAE/g dw, HYP from 1.05 to 11.46 mg/g dw, ISC 1 from 0.68 to 10.68 mg/g dw, and ISC 2 from 0.74 to 15.56 mg/g dw. The optimal extraction conditions were set as: ethanol concentration of 65%, extraction time of 50 min, extraction temperature of 63 °C, and solid-to-solvent ratio of 1:40. Contents of TP, HYP, ISC 1, and ISC 2 in optimal extracts were 47.11 mg GAE/g dw, 11.73 mg/g dw, 9.54 mg/g dw, and 15.40 mg/g dw, respectively. Experimentally set values were in good agreement with those predicted by the response surface methodology model, indicating suitability of the used model, as well as the success of response surface methodology in optimizing the conditions of the extraction.

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EXTRACTION OPTIMIZATION OF THREE INDEPENDENT VARIABLES OF ANTIOXIDANTS FROM BASIL LEAVES USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY

INDIAN DRUGS ◽

10.53879/id.57.04.12244 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 57 (04) ◽

pp. 20-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sulaiman M. Alnasser ◽

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Optimum Conditions ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Independent Variables

The current study reports the antioxidant activity of Ocimum basilicum. Central composite design (CCD) was used to study the effect of variables on the extraction using magnetic stirrer (MST). Three independent variables including temperature, extraction speed, and extraction time were studied that optimize particular responses of total phenolic content, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and DPPH free radical scavenging activity. The effect of the extraction temperature on extraction process was investigated in the range from 26.3oC to 93.6oC, extraction time, from 1 to 30 h, and extraction speed, in the range from 263 to 936 rpm. The extraction yield was significantly (P < 0.05) affected by all the variables. Temperature and extraction speed were found to have a marked effect while the extraction time was found to have possible minor effects. Graphical optimization determined the optimum conditions for the extraction. The optimum condition predicted an extraction yield of 20.49g/100g at 75.33oC for five hours at 73 rpm. Optimum conditions were determined to obtain highest extraction yield. Results showed that water/seed ratio was the most significant parameter, followed by temperature and time. All quantitative modeling and response surface methodology recommended that extraction temperature and time were the most effective parameters of MST process. However, extraction time was found out to be an insignificant factor in MST extraction of antioxidant and total phenolic compounds of O. basilicum.

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Optimization of Extraction of D-pinitol and Phenolics from Cultivated and Wild Types of Carob Pods Using Response Surface Methodology

International Journal of Food Engineering ◽

10.2202/1556-3758.2300 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Irfan Turhan

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Dilution Rate ◽

Response Surface ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Total Phenolic Compounds ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Carob Pod

The carob pod, an important fruit of the food industry in the production of concentrated syrup, is rich in potentially health-promoting phenolic compounds and sugars. Moreover, one of the important bioactive components of carob is D-pinitol, and it has some beneficial effects on human metabolism. The optimum conditions for extraction of D-pinitol and total phenolic compounds (TPC) from cultivated and wild types of carob pods were determined using response surface methodology (RSM). The Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was used to investigate the effects of three independent variables; extraction temperature (ºC), dilution rate (w/v), and extraction time (h) on the response, D-pinitol and the total phenolic compounds. The optimum extraction conditions obtained using the response optimizer were an extraction temperature of 80ºC, a dilution rate of 1:4, and an extraction time of 2h. Under the mentioned above conditions, the maximum D-pinitol and TPC concentrations were 9.67 g/L and 5916.55 mg/L in wild carob pod extract, respectively.

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