scholarly journals Biochemical and Toxicological Evaluations of Aqueous Extract of Parquetina nigrescens (Afzel.) leaves on Mifepristone-induced Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2-s) ◽  
pp. 94-101
Author(s):  
Fehintoluwa Joy Femi-olabisi ◽  
Opeyemi Faokunla ◽  
Anthonia Oluyemi Agboola ◽  
Imoleayo Moses Olorunyolemi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome

The biochemical and toxicological effects of aqueous extract of Parquetina nigrescens leaves (AEPNL) at the doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight on mifepristone-induced in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) was investigated in female Wistar rats. Sixty female Wistar rats (190.00 ± 13.00 g) were assigned into 6 groups (A - F) of ten each: animals in group A received 0.5 ml of distilled water orally on daily basis for 30 days while the mifepristonized rats in groups B, C, D and E also received orally 0.5 ml of distilled water, 7.14mg/kg of metformin (reference drug) and same volume of the extract corresponding to 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight of AEPNL respectively after which levels of some biochemical and toxicological indices were determined. AEPNL aggravated mifepristone-treatment related increases in albumin, total protein and liver aspartate aminotransferase activity and mitigated the increases in globulin, total bilirubin, urea, creatinine, liver and serum alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase activities, and no treatment-related histoarchitectural changes occurred in the liver, kidney and uterus of the female rats. Therefore, the aqueous extract of Parquetina nigrescens leaves attenuated and also aggravated some biochemical parameters in the serum, liver and kidney but with no histological changes in the liver, kidney and uterus of the mifepristonized female Wistar rats. Keywords: Mifepristone, toxicology, Parquetina nigrescens, Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, histology

scholarly journals Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schum and Thonn) Taub Fruit Extract Impairs Reproductive Hormones and Fertility Parameters in Female Experimental Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Ologhaguo Macstephen Adienbo ◽  
Ogechi Stephanie Ezeala
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Fertility Index ◽  
Tetrapleura Tetraptera ◽  
Female Wistar Rats

Aim: The increasing rate of infertility in humans has necessitated the need to assess commonly used medicinal plants to ascertain their effects on reproductive functions. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of tetrapleura tetraptera fruit extract on reproductive hormones and fertility in females. Methods: A total of seventy two (72) adult female wistar rats weighing 160-180 g were randomly assigned into four groups of 18 animals each. Group1 (control) was administered distilled water, groups II, III and lV were daily treated with the extract at doses of 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg body weight, respectively, orally for 28 days. Thereafter, 6 rats from each group were sacrificed during oestrous phase and serum used for analyses of reproductive hormones; while remaining 12 females from each group were each cohabited with males (2:1), sacrificed at gestational age16 and fertility parameters were determined. Results: The results show that in the test groups, there was significant (P < 0.05 ) reduction in the levels of FSH, LH and Estrogen, with a significant (P < 0.05 ) increase in progesterone, when compared with the control. Also, the number of pregnant female rats, number of foetuses, and fertility index significantly (P < 0.05 ) increased in the test animals, compared with the control. Conclusion: We concluded that Tetrapleura. tetraptera fruit extract impairs reproductive hormones and fertility parameters in female rats, and therefore should be consumed with caution.

scholarly journals Histological and hormonal studies of calabash chalk on ovarian function in adult female wistar rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (03) ◽  
pp. 173-177
Author(s):  
A. Oyewopo ◽  
K. Obasi ◽  
K. Anumudu ◽  
E. Yawson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract Introduction: Calabash chalk is a naturally occurring mineral, chiefly composed of fossilized sea shells. It is prepared from clay and mud mixed with other ingredients, including lead, arsenic, sand and wood ash. Clay consumption is correlated with pregnancy, and also to eliminate morning sickness in women. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of calabash chalk on the ovarian function in adult female Wistar rats. Methods: Eighteen (18) adult female Wistar rats. Group A served as the control group, group B received 40 mg/kg body weight of Non-salted calabash chalk while group C received 40 mg/kg body weight of Salted calabash chalk for 14 days. On day 15, the animals were sacrificed for histological and biochemical examination. Results: Results showed a significant (P< 0.05) reduction in follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels of the treatment groups when compared with the control group and an increase in luteinizing hormone (LH) levels of the treatment groups when compared with the control group. Histological examination of the ovaries showed severe deterioration of the ovarian follicles, necrosis and follicular atresia. Conclusion: Calabash chalk is toxic to ovarian function. These alterations have been shown to be the leading cause ofinfertility in female rats. Hence, proper monitoring, education, and regulation of the product is needed.

scholarly journals Chronic Experimental Toxoplasmosis and Its Impact On Embryonic Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 102-107
Author(s):  
M. S. Kosova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Implantation Sites ◽  
Post Implantation

The purpose of the study was to study the effect of chronic toxoplasmosis on changes in the levels of pre- and post-implantation mortality in the experiment. Materials and methods. In the experiment there were 90 female Wistar rats with a body weight of 180-200 g. For the development of pregnancy, females of the control and experimental groups were coupled with males for 3 days. After the onset of pregnancy, females of intact controls were orally injected with 2 ml of 0.2 % starch gel. The females of the experimental groups were infected with an invasive culture of Toxoplasma gondii at a dose of 25 tachyzoites per 1 g of body weight (5,000 tachyzoites per rat) and 50 tachyzoites per 1 g of body weight (10,000 tachyzoites per rat). On the 35th day after infection, females of the experimental groups were coupled with males for 3 days before infection. The effect of Toxoplasma on changes in the levels of pre- and post-implantation death was assessed after killing female rats on the 42nd, 49th and 56th (7th, 14th and 21st days after pregnancy) days after infection. Results and discussion. In animals infected at a dose of 25 tachyzoites per 1 g of body weight, there is a decrease in the number of implantation sites in the uterus, the total number of embryos and the number of living embryos at all stages of the development of Toxoplasma by 1.8-2.1 times compared with the control. In females infected at a dose of 50 tachyzoites per 1 g of body weight, a decrease in the number of implantation sites in the uterus and the total number of embryos at all stages of the development of the parasite was recorded by 2.2-2.5 times compared with the control values. There is a decrease in the number of living embryos by the 42nd day after infection by 4.3 times, by the 49th day – by 3.8 times and by the 56th day – by 5.1 times compared to the control. When compared with the results obtained from females with a lower dose of infection, a decrease in this indicator was revealed on the 42nd day after the development of Toxoplasma by 2.1 times, on the 49th day – by 1.7 times and on the 56th day – by 2.5 times. An increase in the number of dead embryos by 0.2-0.4 times in comparison with intact indicators and the results of experimental animals infected at a dose of 5,000 tachyzoites per rat were recorded. There was an increase in the level of resorptions on the 49th and 56th days by 1.4 and 1.6 times in comparison with the control and animals infected at a dose of 25 tachyzoites per 1 g of body weight. Conclusion. Experimental chronic toxoplasmosis causes an increase in pre-implantation and post-implantation embryo death. The recorded effect of Toxoplasma invasion depends on the dose of infection and the duration of the disease

scholarly journals Beneficial effects of consumption of acerola, cashew or guava processing by-products on intestinal health and lipid metabolism in dyslipidaemic female Wistar rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Sabino Batista ◽  
Adriano Francisco Alves ◽  
Marcos dos Santos Lima ◽  
Laiane Alves da Silva ◽  
Priscilla Paulo Lins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Colon Cells ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Fruit Processing ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
By Products

AbstractThis study assessed the effects of diet supplementation with industrial processing by-products of acerola (Malpighia emarginataD.C.), cashew (Anacardium occidentaleL.) and guava (Psidium guajavaL.) fruit on the intestinal health and lipid metabolism of female Wistar rats with diet-induced dyslipidaemia. Female rats were randomly divided into five groups: healthy control, dyslipidaemic control and dyslipidaemic experimental receiving acerola, cashew or guava processing by-products. Fruit processing by-products were administered (400 mg/kg body weight) via orogastric administration for 28 consecutive days. Acerola, cashew and guava by-products caused body weight reduction (3·42, 3·08 and 5·20 %, respectively) in dyslipidaemic female rats. Dyslipidaemic female rats receiving fruit by-products, especially from acerola, presented decreased faecal pH, visceral fat, liver fat and serum lipid levels, as well as increased faecal moisture, faecal fat excretion, faecalBifidobacteriumspp. andLactobacillusspp. counts and amounts of organic acids in faeces. Administration of the tested fruit processing by-products protected colon and liver from tissue damage (e.g. destruction of liver and colon cells and increased fat deposition in hepatocytes) induced by dyslipidaemic diet. Dietary fibres and phenolic compounds in tested fruit by-products may be associated with these positive effects. The industrial fruit processing by-products studied, mainly from acerola, exert functional properties that could enable their use to protect the harmful effects on intestinal health and lipid metabolism caused by dyslipidaemic diet.

scholarly journals Effects of leptin on secretion of LH and FSH from primary cultured female rat pituitary cells

2001 ◽  
Vol 144 (6) ◽  
pp. 653-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Ogura ◽  
M Irahara ◽  
M Kiyokawa ◽  
M Tezuka ◽  
T Matsuzaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Pituitary Cells ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Female Wistar Rats

BACKGROUND: Leptin, which is the product of the obese gene, is believed to play important roles in pubertal development and reproductive function in females. In a study using adult male rats, it was found that leptin stimulated secretion of gonadotropin from the pituitary in a dose-related manner. However, there has been no such study in female rats. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of leptin on the production of LH and FSH from the pituitary in female rats, using primary cultured pituitary cells. METHODS: In this study, we determined body weight, serum leptin concentration and serum estradiol (E(2)) concentration in female Wistar rats at 3, 5, 6, 7, 9 and 11 weeks of age, and cultured pituitary cells from 6-week-old female Wistar rats with leptin (0--10(-7) mol/l) and GnRH (0 or 10(-8) mol/l). Then basal and GnRH-stimulated extra- and intracellular LH and FSH were assayed by RIA. RESULTS: Serum leptin concentration increased with increases in body weight and E(2) concentration. The pubertal serum leptin concentration was about 10(-10) mol/l. At a lower or moderate concentration, leptin produced dose-related increases in both basal and GnRH-stimulated extra- and intracellular LH and FSH in pituitary cells. At a concentration of 10 mol/l, leptin significantly (P<0.05) stimulated both basal and GnRH-stimulated extra- and intracellular LH and FSH. However, at greater concentrations, these effects diminished. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicated that leptin induced pituitary cells to produce and secrete both LH and FSH, with or without GnRH. The concentration of leptin that induced the greatest production of gonadotropins by pituitary cells was 10(-10) mol/l, which was the same as the physiological pubertal concentration. Leptin may be involved in the onset of puberty. It is also conceivable that leptin may be a cause of ovulatory failure, not only in weight loss but also in weight gain.

scholarly journals Acute and Subacute Toxic Aqueous Extract of the Leaves of Petroselinum Crispum Mill. in Male and Female Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (40) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Kablan Kassi Jean Jacques ◽  
Blahi Adelaïde Nadia, ◽  
Kouakou Koffi Roger ◽  
Diby Yao Seraphin ◽  
Siapo Yao Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Petroselinum Crispum ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Female Wistar Rats

The present study is part of a vast program of the valorization of the medicinal flora and to help the populations to make a real profit from the use of plants in order to avoid any problem of poisoning. Petroselinum crispum Mill. (Apiaceae) is a plant, whose therapeutic virtues are diverse. The toxicological aspect of the aqueous extract of Petroselinum crispum leaves in male and female rats was investigated. The acute toxicity study with the single dose of 5000 mg/Kg body weight shows that the aqueous extract from the leaves of Petroselinum crispum is not toxic orally. According to Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Guideline 423, the oral LD50 for this extract is greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight. In addition, the sub-acute toxicity study (OECD 407) showed that the aqueous extract from the leaves of Petroselinum crispum did not show any toxic effects at doses 50,100 and 200 mg/kg body weight and would have an orexigenic effect after 28 days of treatment. The different histological sections showed that the aqueous extract of Petroselinum crispum is not toxic on the vital organs and appears to be hepatoprotective.

Acute and subacute toxicity of aqueous extract of the tuber of Kedrostis africana (L.) Cogn in Wistar rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremiah Oshiomame Unuofin ◽  
Gloria Aderonke Otunola ◽  
Anthony Jide Afolayan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Morphological Alteration ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Single Oral Administration ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Acute Study

Abstract Kedrostis africana (L.) Cogn (Cucurbitaceae) is used in South African traditional medicine and pharmacopoeia as an emetic, purgative and diuretic, and it is used against dropsy in the management of obesity. Aim of the study In this study, acute and subacute toxicity of aqueous extract of K. africanatuber was evaluated in male and female Wistar rats in order to assess its safety profile. Materials and methods In acute toxicity, the effects of a single oral dose (2,000 and 5,000 mg/kg) of aqueous extract was determined in both sexes. General behavior, adverse effects and mortality were determined for 3 h and then periodically for 14 days. The subchronic toxicity test was performed in rats. The effects of the extract in daily single oral administration at the doses of 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg for 28 days were determined. Food and water intakes were monitored daily while body weight was monitored on a weekly bases. Hematological, biochemical and organ parameters were determined at the end of the 28-day administration. Results In the acute study, a single administration of the aqueous extract at the doses of 2,000 and 5,000 mg/kg did not induce mortality. Thus, the LD50 of the aqueous extract of K. africana (AEKA) has been estimated to be higher than 5,000 mg/kg. In the subchronic study, daily oral administration of the AEKA did not result in death of the rats or significant changes in hematological or biochemical parameters at the highest dose of 600 mg/kg. No alteration was observed in body weight, food and water intake. Liver, kidney and heart histopathology did not reveal morphological alteration. Conclusions The results showed that the aqueous tuber extract of K. africana did not cause any death, nor did it cause abnormalities in necropsy and histopathology findings. There were no acute or subchronic toxicity observed, and this indicates that the plant extract could be considered safe for oral medication.

scholarly journals The effect of copaiba balsam on Walker 256 carcinoma inoculated into the vagina and uterine cervix of female rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nara Macedo Botelho Brito ◽  
Marcus Vinicius Henriques Brito ◽  
Rita de Kássia Vidigal Carvalho ◽  
Lia Tavares de Moura Brasil Matos ◽  
Rodolfo Costa Lobato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Uterine Cervix ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Walker 256 ◽  
Inhibitory Potential

PURPOSE: To verify the copaiba balsam (Copaifera officinalis) effect on Walker 256 carcinoma inoculated into vagina and uterine cervix of rats. METHODS: Eighteen female Wistar rats weighing between 180-250g were used, distributed into 2 groups (GCop, GC). On the 1st day of the experiment, 0.3 ml of Walker 256 carcinoma (2x10(6) concentration) was inoculated in both groups; on the 3rd day of the experiment, it was given 4.8 ml/kg of distilled water to the GC group, and 4.8 ml/kg of copaiba balsam to the GCop group. On the 12th day, euthanasia was performed and the tumor was grafted, being weighted and verified its volume. The data were submitted to statistical analysis with ANOVA test. RESULTS: It was observed that copaiba balsam presented a negative inhibitory potential of 70%. CONCLUSION: The copaiba balsam stimulated the tumor growth.

scholarly journals The Effect of Pomegranate Juice Extract on Hormonal Changes of Female Wistar Rats Caused by Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 971-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
KARGAR HOSSEIN ◽  
KARGAR LEILA ◽  
TAVAKOL EBRAHIM ◽  
SHAFIEI NAZANIN ◽  
POORGHOLAMI FARZAD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Pomegranate Juice ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome
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