scholarly journals HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF ASPARGUS RACEMOSUS ROOT EXTRACT ON LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN RATS

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Parwez Ahmad ◽  
Tarannum Perween ◽  
Smita Singh ◽  
Ragni Sinha ◽  
Arshad Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Asparagus Racemosus ◽  
Stress Markers

Lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) produces an inflammatory condition leading to multiple organ failure. LPS most potent bacterial products is used for induction of host oxidative stress responses and liver injury. Present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of Asparagus racemosus Willd. root extract in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced oxidative stress in rats by measuring oxidative stress markers, nitric oxide, liver function test and cytokines. The obtained data showed that LPS administration significantly reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), total cholesterol (TC) and albumin (ALB). There was significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA), cytokines activity, serum aspartate transaminase(AST), alanine transaminase(ALT), alkaline phosphate (ALP), total bilirubin (TB) and nitric oxide(NO). The methanolic extract of Asparagus racemosus (MEAR) administration significantly (P<0.05) reduced LPS-induced oxidative stress by normalizing liver GSH, SOD, CAT, MDA, NO, cytokines and liver function markers. MEAR significantly increased ALB and TC level. Our results suggest that MEAR protects the liver against liver toxicity induced by LPS.

Astaxanthin, the Natural Antioxidant, Reduces Reserpine Induced Depression in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1319-1327
Author(s):  
Ferdous Khan ◽  
Syed A. Kuddus ◽  
Md. H. Shohag ◽  
Hasan M. Reza ◽  
Murad Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Glutathione Depletion ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Biochemical Level

Background: An imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants determines the level of oxidative stress which is implicated in the etiopathogenesis of various neuropsychiatric disorders including depression. Therefore, treatment with antioxidants could potentially improve the balance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of astaxanthin, a potential antioxidant, to reduce reserpine-induced depression in BALB/c mice (Mus musculus). Methods: On the behavioral level, antidepressant property of astaxanthin (50 mg/kg, orally) on reserpine (2 mg/kg, subcutaneously) induced depressed mice was evaluated by Forced Swim Test (FST) and Tail Suspension Test (TST). In the biochemical level, the ability of astaxanthin to mitigate reserpine-induced oxidative stress was evaluated by the measurement of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) in brain, liver and plasma samples. On the other hand, the efficiency of astaxanthin to replenish glutathione depletion and antioxidant enzyme activity augmentation in the same samples were also investigated. Results: Astaxanthin was able to lower reserpine induced immobility time significantly (p<0.05) in FST and TST. Mice treated with astaxanthin showed significantly (p<0.05) low level of oxidative stress markers such as Malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitric Oxide (NO). Consistently, the level of reduced Glutathione (GSH), and the activity of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and catalase were augmented due to the oral administration of astaxanthin. Conclusion: This study suggests that astaxanthin reduces reserpine-induced oxidative stress and therefore might be effective in treating oxidative stress associated depression.

scholarly journals Associations between vitamin E, oxidative stress markers, total homocysteine levels, and physical activity or cognitive capacity in older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad H. Alghadir ◽  
Sami A. Gabr ◽  
Shahnawaz Anwer ◽  
Heng Li
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Total Homocysteine

AbstractThis study examined the associations between vitamin E, oxidative stress markers, total homocysteine levels, and physical activity or cognitive capacity in older adults. One hundred and six older adults (62 men, 44 women) within the age range of 56–81 years participated. The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment were used to assess physical activity and cognitive function, respectively. Vitamin E (e.g., α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol), oxidative stress markers (e.g., total antioxidant capacity and nitric oxide), and total homocysteine were estimated. There were significant associations between physical activity (high versus moderate versus poor) and all biomarkers (all p = 0.000, and p = 0.010 for γ-tocopherol). While total homocysteine and total antioxidant capacity were significantly associated with cognitive capacity (p = 0.000), vitamin E levels (e.g., α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol) and nitric oxide (p = 0.354, 0.103 and 0.060, respectively) were not related to cognitive capacity in older adults. This study concludes that physical activity was associated with Vitamin E, oxidative stress markers, total homocysteine, and cognitive capacity in older adults. Although cognitive capacity was associated with total homocysteine and total antioxidant capacity, it was unrelated to vitamin E levels and nitric oxide in older adults.

scholarly journals Endothelial PPAR-γ provides vascular protection from IL-1β-induced oxidative stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 310 (1) ◽  
pp. H39-H48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masashi Mukohda ◽  
Madeliene Stump ◽  
Pimonrat Ketsawatsomkron ◽  
Chunyan Hu ◽  
Frederick W. Quelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Ppar Γ ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide

Loss of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ function in the vascular endothelium enhances atherosclerosis and NF-κB target gene expression in high-fat diet-fed apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. The mechanisms by which endothelial PPAR-γ regulates inflammatory responses and protects against atherosclerosis remain unclear. To assess functional interactions between PPAR-γ and inflammation, we used a model of IL-1β-induced aortic dysfunction in transgenic mice with endothelium-specific overexpression of either wild-type (E-WT) or dominant negative PPAR-γ (E-V290M). IL-1β dose dependently decreased IκB-α, increased phospho-p65, and increased luciferase activity in the aorta of NF-κB-LUC transgenic mice. IL-1β also dose dependently reduced endothelial-dependent relaxation by ACh. The loss of ACh responsiveness was partially improved by pretreatment of the vessels with the PPAR-γ agonist rosiglitazone or in E-WT. Conversely, IL-1β-induced endothelial dysfunction was worsened in the aorta from E-V290M mice. Although IL-1β increased the expression of NF-κB target genes, NF-κB p65 inhibitor did not alleviate endothelial dysfunction induced by IL-1β. Tempol, a SOD mimetic, partially restored ACh responsiveness in the IL-1β-treated aorta. Notably, tempol only modestly improved protection in the E-WT aorta but had an increased protective effect in the E-V290M aorta compared with the aorta from nontransgenic mice, suggesting that PPAR-γ-mediated protection involves antioxidant effects. IL-1β increased ROS and decreased the phospho-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (Ser1177)-to-endothelial nitric oxide synthase ratio in the nontransgenic aorta. These effects were completely abolished in the aorta with endothelial overexpression of WT PPAR-γ but were worsened in the aorta with E-V290M even in the absence of IL-1β. We conclude that PPAR-γ protects against IL-1β-mediated endothelial dysfunction through a reduction of oxidative stress responses but not by blunting IL-1β-mediated NF-κB activity.

scholarly journals Role of Oxidative Stress and the Identification of Biomarkers Associated With Thyroid Dysfunction in Schizophrenics

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmood Rasool ◽  
Arif Malik ◽  
Shamaila Saleem ◽  
Muhammad Abdul Basit Ashraf ◽  
Altaf Qadir Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Dietary Antioxidants ◽  
Iodide Uptake ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Stress Markers

Background: Schizophrenia is associated with a deficiency of dietary antioxidants like vitamin B6, B9, and B12 resulting in defective methylation leading to hyperhomocysteinemia. Hyperhomocysteinemia causes mitochondrial DNA damage, oxidative stress, vascular damage, and lipid peroxidation. Oxidative stress and increase in reactive oxygen species result in 8-oxodG production which induces apoptosis of both astrocytes and thyrocytes thus predisposing them to thyroid dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Furthermore, the presence of excessive free radicals increases thyroid thermogenesis causing hyperthyroidism or its excess may cause hypothyroidism by inhibiting iodide uptake. In the present study, we evaluated the various biomarkers associated with thyroid dysfunction in schizophrenics.Materials and Methods: 288 patients suffering from schizophrenia and 100 control subjects were screened for liver function tests (LFTs) such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin (TB). Also, the stress markers, namely malondialdehyde (MDA), homocysteine, cysteine, methionine, the thyroid profile including triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine peroxide antibody (TPO-Ab); TSH receptor-Ab (TSHr-Ab), dietary antioxidants, lipids, cytokines, aminoacids and hormones, vitamins and trace elements, and other biochemical parameters.Results: The LFTs showed elevated levels of ALT (45.57 ± 4.87 Vs. 26.41 ± 3.76 U/L), AST (40.55 ± 1.34 Vs. 21.92 ± 3.65 U/L), ALP (121.54 ± 4.87 Vs. 83.76 ± 5.87 U/L), and total bilirubin (2.63 ± 0.987 Vs. 1.10 ± 0.056 mg/dl), in schizophrenics than controls. Increased levels of MDA (3.71 ± 0.967 Vs. 1.68 ± 0.099) and homocysteine (17.56 ± 2.612 Vs. 6.96 ± 1.987 μmol/L were observed in schizophrenics compared to the controls, indicating increased stress. Levels of cysteine and methionine were decreased in schizophrenics than the controls (1.08 ± 0.089 Vs. 4.87 ± .924 μmol/L and 17.87 ± 1.23 Vs. 99.20 ± 5.36 μmol/L). The levels of TPO-Ab (IU/ml), Tg-Ab (pmol/L), and TSHr-Ab (IU/L) were observed to be higher in the patients’ group as compared to control subjects (9.84 ± 2.56 Vs. 5.81 ± 1.98, 55.50 ± 2.98 Vs. 32.95 ± 2.87 and 2.95 ± 0.0045 Vs. 1.44 ± 0.0023 respectively). Levels of Vitamin B6, B9, and B12 were also significantly decreased in the patients compared to the healthy controls.Conclusion: The schizophrenics, demonstrated altered liver function, increased stress markers, and decreased dietary antioxidants. Reduced primary and secondary antioxidant levels, may result in hyperhomocysteinemia and cause further DNA and mitochondrial damage. Therefore, homocysteine and/or prolactin levels may serve as candidate prognostic markers for schizophrenia. Also, both neurological symptoms and the susceptibility to thyroid disorders may be prevented in the initial stages of this debilitating disorder by appropriate dietary supplementation of antioxidants which can rectify a reduction in primary and secondary antioxidants, and disturbed prolactin-serotonin-dopamine interactions in schizophrenics.

scholarly journals IMPROVING EFFECT OF PLATYCODIN D ON ETHANOL-INDUCED FATTY LIVER VIA KEAP1-NRF2-ARE SIGNAL PATH

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Jingtao Wu ◽  
Lei Zhou ◽  
Guiwen Yang ◽  
Fan Tao ◽  
Maoshan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Platycodin D ◽  
Signal Path ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Effect Of Pd

Background: Platycodin D (PD) is one of the important active ingredients in the root of the Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC (PG), a traditional medicine with many pharmacological activities, especially hepatoprotective activity. There are some researches on the mechanism of liver protection, but it is not very clear. It is necessary to investigate it deeply. Materials and Methods: In order to evaluate the effect of PD on ethanol-induced fatty liver (EFL) and investigate the possible mechanism, the EFL models of rats and BRL-3A cells were set up and treated with PD of 20, 30 mg/kg body weight/day for four weeks, respectively. The hepatic histochemistry, liver function enzymes, oxidative stress levels, antioxidant enzymes and signal path enzymes were assayed. Results: PD significantly (P

scholarly journals A Whole-Food-Based Health Product (A-F Betafood®) Improves Gallbladder Function in Humans at Risk of Gallbladder Insufficiency: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 540
Author(s):  
Malkanthi Evans ◽  
Najla Guthrie ◽  
Bassem F. El-Khodor ◽  
Brandon Metzger ◽  
Saradhadevi Varadharaj
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Health Product ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Gallbladder Function ◽  
Stress Markers

A-F Betafood® is a whole food-based health product. The product contains phytonutrients and bioactives with antioxidant properties that may support gallbladder and liver function. Herein, we investigated the efficacy of A-F Betafood® on gallbladder and liver function. In this randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel study fifty overweight but otherwise healthy adults received A-F Betafood® or placebo for 12 weeks. Gallbladder function as assessed by gallbladder volume, ejection fraction (GBEF), ejection rate, wall thickness and liver function determined via aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase, and high-sensitivity c-reactive protein analysis at baseline and week 12 were the primary outcomes. Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides, and oxidative stress markers including oxidized low-density lipoprotein, tumor necrosis factor-α, adiponectin and malonyldialdehyde (MDA) were assessed as secondary outcomes. A-F Betafood®-supplementation significantly reduced gallbladder wall thickness (p = 0.049) by 9% compared to placebo from baseline to week 12. The A-F Betafood® group alone had significant improvements in gallbladder volume (32%; p = 0.044) and GBEF (19%; p = 0.047) at week 12. There were no changes in liver function, oxidative stress markers or blood lipid concentrations, though MDA concentrations decreased in both groups. Our findings demonstrate A-F Betafood®-supplementation significantly improves measures of gallbladder function and support healthy gallbladder function in the individuals with gall bladder condition.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Fish Oil on Serum of TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 Oxidative Stress Markers in Multiple Sclerosis Treated with Interferon Beta-1b

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Ramirez-Ramirez ◽  
M. A. Macias-Islas ◽  
G. G. Ortiz ◽  
F. Pacheco-Moises ◽  
E. D. Torres-Sanchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Fish Oil Supplementation

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease, which leads to focal plaques of demyelination and tissue injury in the central nervous system. Oxidative stress is also thought to promote tissue damage in multiple sclerosis. Current research findings suggest that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as eicosapenta-enoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) contained in fish oil may have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the efficacy of fish oil supplementation on serum proinflammatory cytokine levels, oxidative stress markers, and disease progression in MS. 50 patients with relapsing-remitting MS were enrolled. The experimental group received orally 4 g/day of fish oil for 12 months. The primary outcome was serum TNFαlevels; secondary outcomes were IL-1β1b, IL-6, nitric oxide catabolites, lipoperoxides, progression on the expanded disability status scale (EDSS), and annualized relapses rate (ARR). Fish oil treatment decreased the serum levels of TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, and nitric oxide metabolites compared with placebo group (P≤0.001). There was no significant difference in serum lipoperoxide levels during the study. No differences in EDSS and ARR were found.Conclusion.Fish oil supplementation is highly effective in reducing the levels of cytokines and nitric oxide catabolites in patients with relapsing-remitting MS.

scholarly journals Supplementation ofCitrus maximaPeel Powder Prevented Oxidative Stress, Fibrosis, and Hepatic Damage in Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) Treated Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Riaz Hasan Chowdhury ◽  
Md Abu Taher Sagor ◽  
Nabila Tabassum ◽  
Md Abdullah Potol ◽  
Hemayet Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Iron Deposition ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Citrus Maxima ◽  
Natural Phenolic Compounds

Citrus maximapeel is rich in natural phenolic compounds and has a long use in the traditional medicine. HPLC-DAD analysis onCitrus maximapeel powder exhibited the presence of various phenolic compounds such as caffeic acid and (−)-epicatechin. To determine the plausible hepatoprotective activity ofCitrus maximapeel powder, we used carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) treated rat model. Liver damage in rats was confirmed by measuring the AST, ALT, and ALP enzyme activities. In addition, lipid peroxidation products (MDA), nitric oxide, advanced protein oxidation products level (APOP), and catalase activities were also analyzed along with the histological profiling for the inflammatory cell infiltration, collagen, and iron deposition in liver. Dietary supplementation ofCitrus maximapeel powder exhibited significant reduction of serum AST, ALT, and ALP activities in carbon tetrachloride treated rats. Moreover,Citrus maximapeel powder also showed a significant reduction of the oxidative stress markers (MDA, NO, and APOP level) and restored the catalase activity in CCl4treated rats. Histological examination of the liver section revealed reduced inflammatory cells infiltration, collagen, and iron deposition in CCl4treated rats. The results from this study demonstrated thatCitrus maximapeel powder produced significant hepatoprotective action in CCl4administered rats.

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