Salt-Affected Soils: Their Reclamation and Management for Crop Production

2018 ◽  
pp. 29-54
Author(s):  
Md. Sarware Alam ◽  
Abhinaw Kumar Singh ◽  
Hanumant Singh ◽  
A.K. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Salt Affected Soils

Interactive effect of biochar and plant growth-promoting bacterial endophytes on ameliorating salinity stress in maize

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saqib Saleem Akhtar ◽  
Mathias Neumann Andersen ◽  
Muhammad Naveed ◽  
Zahir Ahmad Zahir ◽  
Fulai Liu
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Salt Affected Soils

The objective of this work was to study the interactive effect of biochar and plant growth-promoting endophytic bacteria containing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase and exopolysaccharide activity on mitigating salinity stress in maize (Zea mays L.). The plants were grown in a greenhouse under controlled conditions, and were subjected to separate or combined treatments of biochar (0% and 5%, w/w) and two endophytic bacterial strains (Burkholderia phytofirmans (PsJN) and Enterobacter sp. (FD17)) and salinity stress. The results indicated that salinity significantly decreased the growth of maize, whereas both biochar and inoculation mitigated the negative effects of salinity on maize performance either by decreasing the xylem Na+ concentration ([Na+]xylem) uptake or by maintaining nutrient balance within the plant, especially when the two treatments were applied in combination. Moreover, in biochar-amended saline soil, strain FD17 performed significantly better than did PsJN in reducing [Na+]xylem. Our results suggested that inoculation of plants with endophytic baterial strains along with biochar amendment could be an effective approach for sustaining crop production in salt-affected soils.

Soil processes affecting crop production in salt-affected soils

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pichu Rengasamy
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Soil Processes ◽  
Dryland Salinity ◽  
Salt Affected Soils ◽  
Saline Land

Salts can be deposited in the soil from wind and rain, as well as through the weathering of rocks. These processes, combined with the influence of climatic and landscape features and the effects of human activities, determine where salt accumulates in the landscape. When the accumulated salt in soil layers is above a level that adversely affects crop production, choosing salt-tolerant crops and managing soil salinity are important strategies to boost agricultural economy. Worldwide, more than 800 million hectares of soils are salt-affected, with a range of soils defined as saline, acidic–saline, alkaline–saline, acidic saline–sodic, saline–sodic, alkaline saline–sodic, sodic, acidic–sodic and alkaline–sodic. The types of salinity based on soil and groundwater processes are groundwater-associated salinity (dryland salinity), transient salinity (dry saline land) and irrigation salinity. This short review deals with the soil processes in the field that determine the interactions between root-zone environments and plant responses to increased osmotic pressure or specific ion concentrations. Soil water dynamics, soil structural stability, solubility of compounds in relation to pH and pE and nutrient and water movement all play vital roles in the selection and development of plants tolerant to salinity.

Improving Crop Production on Salt-affected Soils: by Breeding or Management?

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Or Management ◽  
Perennial Vegetation ◽  
Salt Affected Soils ◽  
Irrigation Practices

SUMMARYThe area of salt-affected land is increasing because of irrigation practices and changed land use. Breeding crops that tolerate soil salinity and yield well in salt-affected soils, and employing crop management practices to counter salinity, have been proposed to maintain crop productivity. Here, it is argued that neither breeding nor management will adequately counter the effects of salinity. Although both offer the potential to maintain yields for a brief period, it is inevitable that salinity will continue to increase and crop productivity will decline. Only the establishment of a perennial vegetation that will maintain evapotranspiration at high levels all year round on both salt-affected land and recharge areas will halt the increase in salinization.Mejorar la producción en los suelos afectados por la sal

scholarly journals Comparison the Efficient Reclamation of Different Inorganic Materials with Organic Amendments to Rice-Wheat Crop Sustainable Production in Salt-Affected Soils

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
A.I. Saqib ◽  
K. Ahmed ◽  
G. Qadir ◽  
M.Q. Nawaz ◽  
M. Rizwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Biogas Slurry ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Inorganic Amendments ◽  
Salt Affected Soils

Abstract Amelioration of salt-affected soils requires an integrated management approach, which not only improves their effectiveness for improving soil properties, but also increases the crop production and quality of the produce. Hence, a study was planned to evaluate combined use of organic and inorganic amendments for better rehabilitation of salt affected soil in ricewheat cropping sequence from 2013 to 2016. Treatments included T1 - control, T2 - gypsum @ 100 SGR, T3 - CaCl2 @ 50% SGR, T4 - CaCl2 @ 50% SGR + biogas slurry @ 10 tˑha-1, T5 - H2SO4 @ 25% GR, T6 - H2SO4 @ 25% SGR + biogas slurry @10 tˑha-1. A saline sodic field was selected, prepared and leveled. Composite soil samples were collected and analyzed for pHs = 9.15, ECe (dS m-1) = 4.86, SAR (mmol L-1)1/2 = 42.52 and GR (tˑha-1) = 8.64. Experiment was laid out in RCBD with three replications. The inorganic amendments (gypsum and CaCl2) were applied 30 days before rice transplanting in the respective treatment plots, followed by leaching while biogas slurry was applied 15 days before transplanting and H2SO4 was applied with first irrigation. Recommended dose of fertilizer 120-110-70 NPK kg ha-1 for wheat (Inqlab-91) and 110-90-60 NPK kg ha-1 for rice (Shaheen Basmati) was applied. Soil samples were collected before application of amendment and after harvesting of each crop. Straw and grain/paddy yield data were recorded at maturity. Pooled data showed that grain/paddy and straw yield of wheat and rice crop was higher in T2 (gypsum @ 100% SGR), but statistically (P≤ 0.05) non significant with T4 (CaCl2 @ 50% SGR + biogas slurry @ 10 tˑha-1). T3 (CaCl2 @ 50 % SGR) was at par with T6 (H2SO4 @ 25% SGR + biogas slurry @ 10 tˑha-1), followed by T5 (H2SO4 @ 25% SGR). The minimum yield was recorded in T1 (control). Soil analysis showed that pHs, ECe and SAR were significantly decreased in T2, (Gypsum @ 100% SGR), followed by T4 (CaCl2 @ 50% SGR + biogas slurry @ 10 tˑha-1). Hence, CaCl2 @ 50% SGR + biogas slurry @ 10 tˑha-1 may be an effective alternative reclamation strategy for areas that are restricted use because of salinity.

scholarly journals Review of Soil Salinity and Sodicity Challenges to Crop Production in the Lowland Irrigated Areas of Ethiopia and Its Management Strategies

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1377
Author(s):  
Ashenafi Worku Daba ◽  
Asad Sarwar Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Salt Affected Soils ◽  
Management Approaches

Ethiopia’s irrigated agriculture productivity has been threatened by severe salinity and sodicity problems which have resulted in significantly lower yields, food insecurity, and environmental degradation. The destructive effects of poor irrigation water management with the absence of drainage and anticipated future climate changes can accelerate the formation of salt-affected soil, potentially expanding the problem to currently unaffected regions. This paper synthesizes the available information on the causes, extent, and effects of salt-affected soils on soil and crop production and suggest chemical, biological, and physical reclamation and management approaches for tackling salinity and sodicity problems. The mitigation approaches (e.g., the addition of amendments, plantation of salt-tolerant crops, appropriate irrigation and drainage management, phytoremediation, and bioremediation) have successfully tackled soil salinity and sodicity problems in many parts of the world. These approaches have further improved the socioeconomic conditions of farming communities in salt-affected areas. The paper also discusses the effectiveness of these mitigation strategies under Ethiopian conditions. The policy interventions for reclamation of soil salinity and sodicity that indicates future research attention to restoring agricultural sustainability are also foci of this paper.

scholarly journals SCREENING OF SALT TOLERANT RHIZOBIA FROM GROUNDNUT IN CUDDALORE DISTRICT OF TAMIL NADU, INDIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Pandeeswari ◽  
K. Sivakumar
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Salinity Response ◽  
The World ◽  
Salt Affected Soils

Salinity seriously constrains crop yield in irrigated agriculture throughout the world. Also, salinity is a serious threat to agriculture in arid and semi arid regions. Nearly 10 % of the world’s land surface can be classified as endangered by salinity. Salinity in the soil and irrigation water is an environmental problem and a major constraint for crop production. Currently, 20 % of the world’s cultivated land is affected by salinity, which results in the loss of 50 % of agricultural yield. At present, there are nearly 954 million hectares of saline soils on the earth’s surface. All these salt affected soils are distributed throughout the world. The salinity response of legumes in general varies greatly depending on factors like climatic conditions, soil properties, salt tolerance and the stages of crop growth. Successful cultivation of legumes can be achieved by the selection and/or development of a salt-tolerant legume Rhizobium combination although high salinities are known to affect rhizobial activities. The aim of present study is the effect of strains of salt tolerant Rhizobia on IAA, EPS, nodule ARA activity, Nitrogen content, leghemoglobin content, siderophore production, IAR and salt concentration of Groundnut on coastal area of Cuddalore District of Tamil Nadu. The GNR CD-4 is the effect salt tolerance strain compared to other strains.

scholarly journals Ameliorative Effects and Soil Carbon Sequestration Potential of Organic and In-Organic Amendments in Salt-Affected Soils in A Semi-Arid Region of Asia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zia Ur Rahman Farooqi ◽  
Mohd Sabir ◽  
Hamaad Raza Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Arfan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Salt Affected Soils

Soil salinity is a big concern and main factor which limit crop productivity. Salt-affected soils can be reclaimed and used for crop production as well as atmospheric carbon sink. In this study, gypsum (G), organic amendments and their combinations were used to remediate marginally salt-affected soils and increasing carbon stocks in three areas (Dijkot, Uchkera and Jhang). Gypsum along with farmyard manure (FYM), poultry manure (PM) and green manure (GM) were used in this study. Except control, treatment 1 received 100% soil gypsum requirement (SGR), all other 3 treatments received 50% SGR and equal amounts of FYM, PM and GM, respectively. A 45 day’s incubation study comprising 0-, 15-, 30- and 45-days intervals resulted that 45 days interval was more effective in remediation than others. All the amendments effectively reclaimed the salt-affected soils and increased soil carbon stocks by increasing carbon sequestration rate through reduction in soil pH (up to 19%), electrical conductivity (EC) (up to 28%) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) (up to 71.55%). While cation exchange capacity (CEC) (up to 39%), soil organic matter (SOM) (up to 65%), and total nitrogen (TN) (up to 96%) was increased. SOM increase and carbon sequestration was best seen (62%- or 12.59-tons ha-1) in 50% G and FYM application as compared to control (4.45-ton ha-1) in S-1. Results obtained helps in concluding that G and its combinations with organic amendments can effectively reduce the salt concentration in salt-affected soils and helps in organic matter build-up to support crop production and carbon sequestration.

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