scholarly journals SCREENING OF SALT TOLERANT RHIZOBIA FROM GROUNDNUT IN CUDDALORE DISTRICT OF TAMIL NADU, INDIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Pandeeswari ◽  
K. Sivakumar
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Salinity Response ◽  
The World ◽  
Salt Affected Soils

Salinity seriously constrains crop yield in irrigated agriculture throughout the world. Also, salinity is a serious threat to agriculture in arid and semi arid regions. Nearly 10 % of the world’s land surface can be classified as endangered by salinity. Salinity in the soil and irrigation water is an environmental problem and a major constraint for crop production. Currently, 20 % of the world’s cultivated land is affected by salinity, which results in the loss of 50 % of agricultural yield. At present, there are nearly 954 million hectares of saline soils on the earth’s surface. All these salt affected soils are distributed throughout the world. The salinity response of legumes in general varies greatly depending on factors like climatic conditions, soil properties, salt tolerance and the stages of crop growth. Successful cultivation of legumes can be achieved by the selection and/or development of a salt-tolerant legume Rhizobium combination although high salinities are known to affect rhizobial activities. The aim of present study is the effect of strains of salt tolerant Rhizobia on IAA, EPS, nodule ARA activity, Nitrogen content, leghemoglobin content, siderophore production, IAR and salt concentration of Groundnut on coastal area of Cuddalore District of Tamil Nadu. The GNR CD-4 is the effect salt tolerance strain compared to other strains.

scholarly journals Generation of New Salt-Tolerant Wheat Lines and Transcriptomic Exploration of the Responsive Genes to Ethylene and Salt Stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Ma ◽  
Huajian Zhou ◽  
Xinying Sui ◽  
Chunxue Su ◽  
Yanchong Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Ethylene Response ◽  
The World ◽  
Antenna Proteins ◽  
Wheat Lines

Abstract Background: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a staple crop in the world, but is only moderately salt tolerant. However, salt stress affects one-fifth of irrigated agricultural land in the world, it is of great importance to cultivate salt-tolerant varieties to improve the global wheat production. Results: In this study, over 90,000 wheat seeds of cultivar ‘Luyuan502’ were mutated by EMS, and 2000 salt-tolerant lines were harvested from salinized field. By analysis of ethylene sensitivity, salt related physiological factors, and preliminary crop yield, 12 salt-tolerant wheat lines with high production were selected among the crop plants. Transcriptome analysis indicated that a large number of the transcripts levels were significantly altered, mainly based on antenna proteins involved in photosynthesis, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, cyanoamino acid metabolism, carotenoid biosynthesis, thiamine metabolism, and cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis pathways including CABs, PERs/PODs, BGLUs, CYP707s, and ZEPs. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the expressions of salt-related genes in the wheat lines were mostly higher than the wild type, and salt stress can significantly increase the expression levels of the ethylene-related genes in the wheat lines. Based on transcriptomic data, nine novel wheat ERFs were identified and analyzed, and it is suggested that they may play important roles in mediation of ethylene response and salt tolerance.Conclusion: Salt-tolerant wheat mutant lines with ethylene insensitivity were obtained from screen of a wheat EMS-mutagenized pool. Transcriptome data showed that the mutant plants exhibit significant alterations in the antenna proteins involved in various biological processes. Expression analysis suggests that ERFs may mediate ethylene response and salt tolerance of the wheat lines.

scholarly journals Repeated evolution of salt-tolerance in grasses

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 20130029 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. Bennett ◽  
T. J. Flowers ◽  
L. Bromham
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
Tolerant Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Repeated Evolution ◽  
Salt Affected Soils

The amount of salt-affected agricultural land is increasing globally, so new crop varieties are needed that can grow in salt-affected soils. Despite concerted effort to develop salt-tolerant cereal crops, few commercially viable salt-tolerant crops have been released. This is puzzling, given the number of naturally salt-tolerant grass species. To better understand why salt-tolerance occurs naturally but is difficult to breed into crop species, we take a novel, biodiversity-based approach to its study, examining the evolutionary lability of salt-tolerance across the grass family. We analyse the phylogenetic distribution of naturally salt-tolerant species on a phylogeny of 2684 grasses, and find that salt-tolerance has evolved over 70 times, in a wide range of grass lineages. These results are confirmed by repeating the analysis at genus level on a phylogeny of over 800 grass genera. While salt-tolerance evolves surprisingly often, we find that its evolution does not often give rise to a large clade of salt-tolerant species. These results suggest that salt-tolerance is an evolutionarily labile trait in grasses.

scholarly journals Impact on Knowledge of Blackgram Growers in Periyar Vaigai Command Area of Madurai District

2021 ◽  
pp. 616-620
Author(s):  
K. Ramakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Command Area ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Agriculture Modernization ◽  
Management Project

The World Bank Supported TN IAM (Irrigated Agriculture Modernization) Project is a follow up of IAMWARM presently it was called as (Irrigated Agriculture Modernization and Water-Bodies Restoration and Management) Project which has made significant development and impacts in the Tamil Nadu state by modernizing irrigation infrastructure, improving water use efficiency, enhancing yield and productivity of agriculture in a climate resilient production systems, diversification towards high-value crops, strengthening the institutional reforms through Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM) and Water Users Association (WUA). Madurai District of Tamil Nadu was purposively selected for this study because Tamil Nadu Irrigated Agriculture Modernization Project was conducted under Tamil Nadu Agricultural University.  The foremost objective of the study is to assess the knowledge level of respondents in the study area. According to crop production technology aspects revealed that (79.00%) of the beneficiaries possessed knowledge in using VBN 6 variety for cultivation. The study concluded that majority (80.00%) of the beneficiaries were possessed knowledge on (cultural control) fixation of light traps, crop rotation (77.50%) and sowing carry out in proper season.

scholarly journals Effect of climate change on food production and its implication in Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 40-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
MN Paudel
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
The World ◽  
Food Commodities ◽  
Substantial Decline

Climate change is a complex phenomenon. Now climate change has become a buzz word in general and particular to agriculture and food security. It is true for developing countries where there is a dearth of information to support and reject such a complex phenomena of this universally important aspect of nature. Climate change is as unpredictable as the movement of a bird in the sky that even an ornithologist cannot predict the movement of a falcon that is swinging in the air and so is the case of climate change even for meteorologists working in the World Meteorological Station. The main concern about climate change and food security is that changing climatic conditions can initiate a vicious circle where infectious diseases cause or compound hunger, which, in turn, make the affected populations more susceptible to infectious disease. The result can be a substantial decline in labor productivity and an increase in poverty and even mortality. Essentially all manifestations of climate change, such as drought, higher temperatures, or heavy rainfalls could have an impact on the disease pressure on plants and animals. Also, climate change could affect food safety and food security. It is anticipated that due to climate change many flora and fauna including humans, higher plants and animals will face new diseases due to easily expansion of diseases causing epidemic cycle making more favorable to pathogens in different parts of the world. There will be a continuous outbreak of such diseases making hunger and malnutrition more severe than ever and consequently affect for important food commodities due to changing climate of tropical, temperate and equatorial zones, the main biodiversity zones for population and food production as well. Hence, this paper tries to provide a brief review on climate change with respect to food security and crop production, which, ultimately, could suggest agronomic measures to mitigate the impacts of climate change and adopt vagaries of climate change in the days ahead for an agrarian country like Nepal. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v1i0.7541 Agronomy Journal of Nepal (Agron JN) Vol. 1: 2010 pp.40-49

Physiology and gene expression of the rice landrace Horkuch under salt stress

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laisa A. Lisa ◽  
Sabrina M. Elias ◽  
M. Sazzadur Rahman ◽  
Saima Shahid ◽  
Tetsushi Iwasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Potential Donor ◽  
Flag Leaves ◽  
South West Coast ◽  
Ros Scavengers

Good donors in breeding for salt tolerance are a prerequisite for food security under changing climatic conditions. Horkuch, a farmer-popular salt tolerant rice (Oryza sativa L.) variety from the south-west coast of Bangladesh was characterised up to maturity under NaCl stress, together with a modern variety (BRRI dhan41), a sensitive control (BRRI dhan29) and Pokkali, the salt-tolerant benchmark for rice. Horkuch had low reduction in shoot biomass, a low Na : K ratio in flag leaves, a low percent reduction in yield and good partitioning of Na in the older leaves, and maintained high levels of Ca and Mg in the flag leaves. In order to understand the physiology at the molecular level, the expression of salt-responsive genes was investigated using microarray analysis. Salt-stressed cDNA of Horkuch seedlings were hybridised with cDNA probes synthesised mainly from database sequences of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. The upregulated genes included transcription factors, signal transducers, metabolic enzymes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers, osmoprotectants and some specific salt-induced transcripts. An increase in expression of photosynthesis-related genes as well ROS scavengers suggested that this could be the reason for the better yield performance of Horkuch. The data therefore indicate Horkuch as a potential donor alternative to Pokkali in breeding programs for salt tolerance.

scholarly journals Review of Soil Salinity and Sodicity Challenges to Crop Production in the Lowland Irrigated Areas of Ethiopia and Its Management Strategies

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1377
Author(s):  
Ashenafi Worku Daba ◽  
Asad Sarwar Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Salt Affected Soils ◽  
Management Approaches

Ethiopia’s irrigated agriculture productivity has been threatened by severe salinity and sodicity problems which have resulted in significantly lower yields, food insecurity, and environmental degradation. The destructive effects of poor irrigation water management with the absence of drainage and anticipated future climate changes can accelerate the formation of salt-affected soil, potentially expanding the problem to currently unaffected regions. This paper synthesizes the available information on the causes, extent, and effects of salt-affected soils on soil and crop production and suggest chemical, biological, and physical reclamation and management approaches for tackling salinity and sodicity problems. The mitigation approaches (e.g., the addition of amendments, plantation of salt-tolerant crops, appropriate irrigation and drainage management, phytoremediation, and bioremediation) have successfully tackled soil salinity and sodicity problems in many parts of the world. These approaches have further improved the socioeconomic conditions of farming communities in salt-affected areas. The paper also discusses the effectiveness of these mitigation strategies under Ethiopian conditions. The policy interventions for reclamation of soil salinity and sodicity that indicates future research attention to restoring agricultural sustainability are also foci of this paper.

Optimization of the irrigation regime of agricultural crops for different areas of the Saratov region

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (6) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
Vladimir Shadskikh ◽  
Vera Kizhaeva ◽  
Olga Rasskazova
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Irrigation Regime ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Saratov Region ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Environmentally Sound ◽  
The Stability

In the conditions of the Volga region, the zone of risky agriculture, the stability of crop production directly depends on the degree of moisture supply of crops [1, 2, 12]. The article presents the results of many years of research on the study of irrigation regime on crops with differentiated irrigation. Studies of irrigation regimes of agricultural crops on the basis of a comprehensive assessment of agro-climatic conditions allowed to establish environmentally sound differentiated irrigation rates of major crops for different natural areas of the Saratov region, depending on the degree of aridity of the year. Recommended irrigation norms were 300–350 m3/ha at the beginning of vegetation and no more than 450–500 m3/ha during the period of maximum water consumption. The use of differentiated irrigation norms for the main crops will allow to control the development of erosion processes on irrigated lands and provide resource saving in irrigated agriculture.

scholarly journals Different Approaches for Developing of Salt Tolerant Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ishfaq ◽  
◽  
Fatima tu Zahra ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Genetic Variant ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Important Crop ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
The World ◽  
Tropical Areas

Sugarcane is a very important crop mostly cultivated in many regions of the world. Sugarcane is an important crop in tropical areas of the world, often being uncovered to environments with high salinity, but little is recognized of genetic variant in salt tolerance. The purpose of this work was once to examine the performance of two genetically various cultivars of sugarcane underneath specific concentrations of salinity (0, 40, eighty and a hundred and sixty mM NaCl) over a period of 30 days. SP 81–3250 was extra salt-tolerant and maintained its charge of biomass production, photosynthesis and leaf place up to one hundred sixty mM NaCl, whereas IAC 87–3396 was a sensitive to 80 mM NaCl. SP 81–3250 maintained very low concentrations of Na+ in both leaves and roots with increasing time and salinity, whereas in IAC 87–3396 the Na+ concentrations had been 2–5 instances higher. This suggests that the tolerance of SP 81–3250 to excessive salinity was due to its ability to leave out Na+ whilst taking up water from the soil, and that measurements of Na+ awareness in leaves should be used to pick out salt-tolerant genotypes for saline areas.

scholarly journals Salinity Stress – A Threat to Rice Production Breeding Strategies to Develop Salinity Tolerance in Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Breeding Strategies ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
The World ◽  
Modern Breeding ◽  
Breeding Techniques

Rice is a most staple and demandable food crop of the world which feeds more than half of the world’s overall population. Soil salinity has become a serious problem of the world nowadays which is a common threat to all agricultural crops specially rice because rice is categorized as a typical glycophyte. Salinity is one of the major constraints especially in the coastal areas of the world. This salinity problem can be overcome by conventional and modern breeding technologies. We have focused on the breeding techniques to be adopted to cope with this issue. Salt tolerant varieties can be produced by screening already existing varieties, marker-assisted selection or genetic engineering by introducing salt-tolerance genes. In this review, we have focused salinity problems at global level and its impact on rice as well as other crops plants.

Application of SSR Technique for the Identification of Markers Linked to Salinity Tolerance in Rice

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
MH Kabir ◽  
MM Islam ◽  
SN Begum ◽  
AC Manidas
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Phenotypic Screening ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Marker Assisted Breeding ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Rice Landrace ◽  
Salt Susceptible

A cross was made between high yielding salt susceptible BINA variety (Binadhan-5) with salt tolerant rice landrace (Harkuch) to identify salt tolerant rice lines. Thirty six F3 rice lines of Binadhan-5 x Harkuch were tested for salinity tolerance at the seedling stage in hydroponic system using nutrient solution. In F3 population, six lines were found as salt tolerant and 10 lines were moderately tolerant based on phenotypic screening at the seedling stage. Twelve SSR markers were used for parental survey and among them three polymorphic SSR markers viz., OSR34, RM443 and RM169 were selected to evaluate 26 F3 rice lines for salt tolerance. With respect to marker OSR34, 15 lines were identified as salt tolerant, 9 lines were susceptible and 2 lines were heterozygous. While RM443 identified 3 tolerant, 14 susceptible and 9 heterozygous rice lines. Eight tolerant, 11 susceptible and 7 heterozygous lines were identified with the marker RM169. Thus the tested markers could be efficiently used for tagging salt tolerant genes in marker-assisted breeding programme.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v19i2.16929 Progress. Agric. 19(2): 57 - 65, 2008

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