scholarly journals Capital excedente e urbanização: o papel dos grandes projetos urbanos

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Nadia Somekh ◽  
Ricardo Carlos Gaspar
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
National Level ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
The Public ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Role Of The State

O presente artigo desenvolve algumas reflexões sobre a relação entre os grandes projetos urbanos, a absorção dos excedentes de capital e as crises econômicas da atualidade. Ele principia pela conceitualização dos grandes projetos urbanos à luz do novo papel das cidades na economia mundial contemporânea, prossegue com considerações sobre a dinâmica imobiliária e a disputa em torno da terra e da renda do solo urbano, e finaliza com a defesa do papel do Estado – em todas as escalas geográficas, mas, sobretudo, do Estado nacional – no ordenamento do território, na fixação de princípios integrados de política regional e na regulação pública do espaço urbano. Palavras-chave: grandes projetos urbanos; excedentes de capital; política urbana; Estado nacional; solo urbano. Abstract: This article offers some reflections on the relationship among large urban projects, the absorption of capital surpluses and the ongoing economic crisis. It starts with the conceptualization of large urban projects in the light of the new role of cities in the contemporary world economy. Then it turns to considerations about the real estate dynamics and the conflicts involving urban land use and urban rent, and finally, it highlights the essential role of the State – in all geographic scales but, mainly, at the national level – at fixing parameters for territorial arrangement, principles of integrated regional policy, and enforcing the public regulation of urban space. Keywords: large urban projects; capital surpluses; urban policy; National State; urban land.

General Particulars Regarding the Conflict of Interest

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-149
Author(s):  
Aurelia Teodora Drăghici
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
National Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Changing Role

SummaryTheme conflicts of interest is one of the major reasons for concern local government, regional and central administrative and criminal legal implications aiming to uphold the integrity and decisions objectively. Also, most obviously, conflicts of interest occur at the national level where political stakes are usually highest, one of the determining factors of this segment being the changing role of the state itself, which creates opportunities for individual gain through its transformations.

POST-SOVIET CITY AS A PALIMPSEST

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-68
Author(s):  
Elena A. Kosovan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
The Coordinator ◽  
Post Soviet Period

The author of the publication reviews the photobook “Palimpsests”, published in 2018 in the publishing house “Ad Marginem Press” with the support of the Heinrich Böll Foundation. The book presents photos of post-Soviet cities taken by M. Sher. Preface, the author of which is the coordinator of the “Democracy” program of the Heinrich Böll Foundation in Russia N. Fatykhova, as well as articles by M. Trudolyubov and K. Bush, which accompany these photos, contain explanation of the peculiarities of urban space formation and patterns of its habitation in the Soviet Union times and in the post-Soviet period. The author of the publication highly appreciates the publication under review. Analyzing the photographic works of M. Sher and their interpretation undertaken in the articles, the author of the publication agrees with the main conclusions of N. Fatykhova, M. Trudolyubov and K. Bush with regards to the importance of the role of the state in the processes of urban development and urbanization in the Soviet and post-Soviet space, but points out that the second factor that has a key influence on these processes is ownership relations. The paper positively assesses the approach proposed by the authors of the photobook to the study of the post-Soviet city as an architectural and landscape palimpsest consisting mainly of two layers, “socialist” and “capitalist”. The author of the publication specifically emphasizes the importance of analyzing the archetypal component of this palimpsest, pointing out that the articles published in the reviewed book do not pay sufficient attention to this issue. Particular importance is attributed by the author to the issue of metageography of post-Soviet cities and meta-geographical approach to their exploration. Emphasizing that the urban palimpsest is a system of realities, each in turn including a multitude of ideas, meanings, symbols, and interpretations, the author points out that the photobook “Palimpsests” is actually an invitation to a scientific game with space, which should start a new direction in the study of post-Soviet urban space.

A renda fundiária urbana: uma categoria de análise ainda válida

GEOgraphia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Adriano Botelho
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Spatial Segregation ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Land Rent ◽  
Investment Funds ◽  
The Real Estate

Resumo: Renda fundiária urbana é uma categoria pouco explorada pela maioria dos estudos mais recentes sobre o urbano. Porém, essa categoria oferece uma possibilidade de abordagem do urbano que permite a análise de fenômenos importantes, como a hierarquização dos usos do solo, o papel do setor imobiliário para a acumulação do capital e para a reprodução das relações de produção capitalistas, além de ser importante para o entendimento do processo de segregação sócio-espacial e fragmentação do espaço no urbano. Assim, levando-se em consideração os estudos passados e as dificuldades que ainda hoje permanecem, a questão da renda fundiária é retomada no presente artigo. Como forma de viabilização da análise da questão da renda fundiária urbana foi realizado um estudo de caso sobre uma modalidade de intervenção no urbano por parte do setor imobiliário em aliança com o mercado financeiro no município de São Paulo: os Fundos de Investimento Imobiliário e a Securitização de Recebíveis Imobiliários.  THE URBAN LAND RENT: A CATEGORY OF ANALYSIS STILL VALID Abstract: Urban land rent is a category little explored by most recent urban studies. However, this category offers a possible approach for urban space that allows the analysis of relevant phenomena, like hierarchy in land use, the role of the real estate industry for capital accumulation and for reproduction of relationships in capitalist production, besides its importance in understanding the socio-spatial segregation and fragmentation process. In this sense, taking into account earlier studies and difficulties that still remain, this article aims to analyse the problem of land rent. To make this analysis possible, we present a case study about a kind of urban intervention by real estate agents in association with the finance market in the city of São Paulo: Real Estate Investment Funds and Real Estate Bonus. Keywords: Urban Land Rent, Fragmentation, Socio-Spatial Segregation, Urban, Real Estate Financing, Reproduction of Capital.

The Legal Framework for Foundations in the Habsburg Monarchy from 1750 to 1918

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-172
Author(s):  
Gabriele Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Public Good ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
Habsburg Monarchy ◽  
The Public ◽  
Regulation And Supervision ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Law

Foundations, as permanent funds established by a certain legal act, can serve manifold purposes, but often pursue charitable goals. As such, they play an important role for the public good. Therefore, states always had an interest in fostering foundations by providing a pertinent legal framework. In Austria, this topic has not yet been the focus of scholarship. Through this study some light is shed on the implementation of the law on foundations in the Habsburg Monarchy. It focuses on the role of the state and its legal system regarding the regulation and supervision of foundations from 1750 to 1918. This period is characterized by the sovereigns’ endeavor to regulate the position of foundations via extensive legislation. In particular, a system of oversight for foundations was created in order to guarantee the attainment of their charitable goals. In fact, this system prevailed until the end of the 20thcentury.

scholarly journals John Lindsay, the Association for a Better New York, and the Privatization of New York City, 1969-1973

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-577
Author(s):  
Joe Merton
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Street Crime ◽  
Urban Problems

Focusing on the collaboration between Mayor John Lindsay and business advocacy group the Association for a Better New York (ABNY), this article illustrates the utility of public and elite anxieties over street crime in legitimizing new, privatized models of urban governance during the early 1970s. ABNY’s privatized crime-fighting initiatives signified a new direction in city law enforcement strategies, a new “common sense” regarding the efficacy and authority of private or voluntarist solutions to urban problems, and proved of lasting significance for labor relations, the regulation of urban space, and the role of the private sector in urban policy. It concludes that, despite their limitations, the visibility of ABNY’s initiatives, their ability to construct a pervasive sense of crisis, and their apparent demonstration of public and elite consent played a significant role in the transformation of New York into the “privatized” or “neoliberal” city of today.

scholarly journals PERANAN NEGARA DAN HUKUM DALAM MEMBERANTAS KEMISKINAN DENGAN MEWUJUDKAN KESEJAHTERAAN UMUM

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 390
Author(s):  
Yohanes Suhardin
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Welfare ◽  
The Public ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Legal Product

AbstrakThe role of the state in combating poverty is very strategic. Combatingpoverty means to free citizens who are poor. The strategic role given thenational ideals (read: state) is the creation of public welfare. Therefore,countries in this regard the government as the organizer of the state musthold fast to the national ideals through legal product that is loaded withsocial justice values in order to realize common prosperity. Therefore, thenature of the law is justice, then in the context of the state, the lawestablished for the creation of social justice. Law believed that social justiceas the path to the public welfare so that the Indonesian people in a relativelyshort time to eradicate poverty.

scholarly journals KONSEP WELLFARE STATE DI INDONEISA

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Winda Roselina Effendi
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Services ◽  
The State ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Market Economy System ◽  
Economy System

Walfare State concept born in the era of the 20th century as a correction of the development of the concept of the country as night watchman, the phenomenon of economic capitalism that gradually leads to lameness in the distribution of sources of prosperity. In the Walfare State concept, the state is required to extend its responsibility to the socio-economic problems facing the people. The functions of the state also include activities that were previously beyond the scope of state functions, such as extending the provision of social services to individuals and families in specific matters, such as social security. The role of the state can not be separated with Welfare State because the state that plays a role in managing the economy which includes the responsibility of the state to ensure the availability of basic welfare services in certain levels. Welfare State does not reject the existence of a capitalist market economy system but believes that there are elements in the public order that are more important than market objectives and can only be achieved by controlling and limiting the operation of such market mechanisms.Keywords: walfare state, country, economic systemKonsep Walfare State yang lahir di era abad ke-20 sebagai koreksi berkembangnya konsep negara sebagai penjaga malam, gejala kapitalisme perekonomian yang secara perlahan-lahan menyebabkan terjadinya kepincangan dalam pembagian sumber-sumber kemakmuran bersarma. Dalam konsep Walfare State, negara dituntut untuk memperluas tanggung jawabnya kepada masalah-masalah sosial ekonomi yang dihadapi rakyat. Fungsi negara juga meliputi kegiatan-kegiatan yang sebelumnya berada diluar jangkauan fungsi negara, seperti memperluas ketentuan pelayanan sosial kepada individu dan keluarga dalam hal-hal khusus, seperti social security, kesehatan.  Peran negara tidak bisa dipisahkan dengan Welfare State karena negara yang berperan dalam mengelola perekonomian yang yang di dalamnya mencakup tanggung jawab negara untuk menjamin ketersediaan pelayanan kesejahteraan dasar dalam tingkat tertentu. Welfare State tidak menolak keberadaan sistem ekonomi pasar kapitalis tetapi meyakini bahwa ada elemen-elemen dalam tatanan masyarakat yang lebih penting dari tujuan-tujuan pasar dan hanya dapat dicapai dengan mengendalikan dan membatasi bekerjanya mekanisme pasar tersebut. Kata Kunci: walfare state, negara,sistem ekonomi 

scholarly journals The Problem of State Violence

Daedalus ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-37
Author(s):  
Paul Butler
Keyword(s):  
Use Of Force ◽  
State Violence ◽  
The State ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
The Public ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
The Future ◽  
State Actors

Abstract When violence occurs, the state has an obligation to respond to and reduce the impacts of it; yet often the state originates, or at least contributes to, the violence. This may occur in a variety of ways, including through the use of force by police, pretrial incarceration at local jails, long periods of incarceration in prisons, or abuse and neglect of people who are incarcerated. This essay explores the role of the state in responding to violence and how it should contribute to reducing violence in communities, as well as in its own operations. Finally, it explores what the future of collaboration between state actors and the community looks like and offers examples of successful power-sharing and co-producing of safety between the state and the public.

Why Do National Cybersecurity Awareness Programmes Often Fail?

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
Eva NAGYFEJEO ◽  
Basie Von SOLMS
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
National Level ◽  
The Public ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Cyber Space ◽  
Awareness Raising ◽  
The Government ◽  
Basic Level

Nowadays, many cyber users do not understand how to protect themselves and their information within cyber space. One reason is that cyber users are unaware of possible cyber risks and threats that may occur within cyber space. The second reason is that citizens, businesses and users within the public sector may be aware of relevant cyber risks but do not really understand the seriousness of such risks and the consequences if they do realise. Therefore, cybersecurity awareness campaigns are an integral part of improving cybersecurity awareness. Based on in-country reviews conducted as part of the Global Cybersecurity Capacity Centre (GCSCC) programme, we observed that the campaigns to raise cybersecurity awareness throughout the country are often led by different ‘owners’ without co-ordination and adequate resources therefore creating fragmentation in the national cybersecurity awareness raising programme. This paper suggests that the development of a coordinated and coherent national cybersecurity awareness program is critical for building a basic level of aware-ness at the national level. We will examine the requirements needed to develop a coordinated national awareness raising programme by reviewing the existing literature, best practice approaches and the role of different stakeholders such as the government, private sector and civil society. We will draw conclusions on the main obstacles to ensure overall coherence between the actions of stakeholders and the efforts countries should prioritise in order to increase awareness of cyber risks at the national level.

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