scholarly journals Early Morphological Growth Response and Incidence of Key Pests Under Two Spacing Regimes of Coffea canephora

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-125
Author(s):  
Godfrey Sseremba ◽  
Godfrey Hubby Kagezi ◽  
Judith Kobusinge ◽  
David Akodi ◽  
Nicholas Olango ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Response ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Tree Density ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Block Designs ◽  
Leaf Miners ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Pest Incidence ◽  
Plant Densities

Coffea canephora has non-limiting but unexploited yield and quality potential when compared with C. arabica. Coffee tree density optimization can improve fortunes of smallholder farmers. An attractive example is that high productive countries where high plant densities do increase area yield but across boardrecommendations are illogical especially with variety and agroecological variations. We aimed to compare two spacing regimes for growth response and pest incidence using Kituza Robusta clone. Randomized complete block designs with three replications and eight plants per plot were established at four agroecologically diverseon-farm locations. Eleven plant growth variables were measured. In addition incidences of five key pests were assessed. Data was collected on a 3-month interval starting from 12 up to 21 months after planting. Highly significant differences between spacing regimes (p<0.01) were obtained for majority of variables. Mean growth response was generally higher under 3 m x 1 m (high density) than 3 m x 3 m (low density) particularly with stem girth, plant height, length of longest primary branch, and leaf blade length. Conversely, pest incidence of black coffee twig borer, leaf eating beetles, leaf miners, and tailed caterpillars, except skeletonizers was higher under high than low plant densities. The findings provide aguide on implications of high plant densities on growth robustness which is translatable into yield potential; amidst a pest prevalence dilemma in studied type of C. canephora.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Yield and Quality of Three Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus L.) Genotypes

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
M H Rahman ◽  
M M Alam Patwary ◽  
H Barua ◽  
S Nahar ◽  
Abu Noman Faruq Ahmmed
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Maximum Weight ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Maturity Period ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Overall Performance

Yield and quality performances of three jackfruit genotypes were studied at the Agricultural Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Pahartali, Chittagong during 2013-2014. Age, growth, maturity period, yield potential and also qualitative characteristics were compared among them.  Based on overall performance with respect to bearing potential, maturity period, fruit and bulb characters, the genotypes AHPah-1 have been found promising for table purpose followed by AHPah-2 and AHPah-3. Minimum days (117) to 1st harvest were observed in AHPah-1. The number of fruits per plant was exceedingly higher (73) in AHPah-1 whereas minimum number (41) was found in AHPah-2. Maximum weight (8.40 kg) per fruit was observed in AHPah-2 and minimum was in AHPah-1(3.40 kg).  The highest single fruit length (37.25cm) was found in AHPah-2 and breadth (27.00cm) was produced by AHPah-3. Maximum number of bulbs (116) was produced in AHPah-1, whereas minimum (63.00) was in AHPah-3. Maximum weight of bulbs per fruit (4.24 kg) was produced in AHPah-2. Individual bulb weight was higher (54.42g) in AHPah -2 whereas, the lowest (16.71) was in AHPah-1. Edible portion was higher (69.27%) in AHPah-1 whereas, the lowest (53.43%) was in AHPah-3. The TSS was the highest (21.00%) in AHPah-1. The highest bulb length and breadth was found in AHPah-3. Highest seeds weight (639g) was produced in AHPah-2. Individual seed weight (8.19 g) was higher in AHPah-2. Therefore, the genotypes can be included in the variety development program after comparing with the already BARI released jackfruit variety.The Agriculturists 2016; 14(1) 107-111

scholarly journals Impact of foliar nutrient sprays, crop and spatial manipulation on seed yield of Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-127
Author(s):  
Muneeb Ahmad Wani ◽  
Ambreena Din ◽  
FU Khan ◽  
Raiz Ahmed Lone ◽  
Gazanfer Gani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Apical Bud ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
China Aster

An attempt was made to study the effect of pinching, plant densities and foliar nutrient sprays on seed yield and quality parameters in China aster cv. Powder puff. The experiment comprised of two levels of pinching (P0 = No pinching, P1 = Pinching), three planting densities (D1 = 30 plants m-2, D2 = 36 plants m-2 and D3 = 42 plants m-2) and three levels of commercial nutrient sprays (S1= 3 sprays, S2= 4 sprays and S3 = 5 sprays), constituting a total of 18 treatment combinations replicated thrice in randomized complete block design (RCBD). Pinching at visible bud stage, significantly increased 1000 seed weight (2.18 g) and seed yield (490.85 kg/ha), Increasing the planting density resulted in increased seed yield (485.55 kg/ha) and 1000 seed weight (2.05 g). On the other hand, 4 and 5 nutrient sprays significantly improved seed yield (463.12 kg/ha-) and 1000 seed weight (1.95 g). The results from the study suggest that increased branching with apical bud removal, wider planting space and 4 to 5 foliar applications of multi-nutrient sprays, significantly improves seed yield and quality attributes of transplanted China aster. While suggesting the best combination of pinching, spacing and nutrient sprays, the economics of flower production was duly considered.

scholarly journals Effects of fertilizer and plant density on yield and quality of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-215
Author(s):  
Mahdi Faravani ◽  
Behjat Salari ◽  
Mostafa Heidari ◽  
Mohammad Kashki ◽  
Barat Gholami
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Lateral Branches

In order to understand the effect of organic fertilizer on yield of anise, an experiment was conducted in the form of split-plot in randomized complete block design with three replications in Mashhad, Khorasan Agriculture and Natural Resource Research Center. Four treatments of fertilization: the control, vermicompost - 5 t/ha, cow manure - 25 t/ha, and mineral fertilizer (NPK) - 60 kg/ha (the same rate of each nutrient) were applied as the main factor. The second factor was plant density, applied at three levels: 17, 25, and 50 plants/m2. The results showed a significant effect of fertilizer on the number of umbels per plant, number of umbellets per umbel and canopy cover. Plant density had a significant effect on grain yield, biological yield, the number of lateral branches, essential oil percentage and yield of essential oil. Seed and essential oil yield were the highest in the case of the application of vermicompost and plant densities of 50 and 25 plants/m2 respectively.

scholarly journals Performance of Plantain (Musa Paradisiaca L) Fruit Yield and Quality under Different Planting Densities and Water Application

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1237-1242
Author(s):  
Murphy Kayode M ◽  
Ozigbo Emmanuel S ◽  
Adunoye Francis O
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Black Sigatoka ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Plant Densities

The performance of plantain fruit yield and quality under different planting densities under an influence of irrigation system was investigated at International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Experiments were set up as a split plot fitted into randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Main plots are irrigation system while sub-plots are plant densities. Treatments included four plant densities (1 x 2, 2 x 2, 2 x 3, and 3 x 3 m), two irrigation systems and their combination where irrigation system was the main plot and plant density the sub-plot. Over 2,000 agbagba suckers were pared and hot–water treated, and planted during the first week of the experiment. Manure was applied at the rate of three spades full per plant for nutrient supplement; and mulching was done. Weeds were manually controlled as at when due. Plantain diseases like yellow sigatoka and black sigatoka were also controlled manually by de-leafing infected leaves to prevent disease spread. Data were collected and analyzed using ANOVA. Duncan multiple range test (DMRT) was used for mean separation at 5% level of significance. The results of ANOVA showed that there were significant effects (P < 0.05) due to irrigation application for all measured parameters whereas effects due to plant densities were significant for only these parameters; number of suckers (NOS), sucker height (SUHT), number of leaves on sucker (NLSC), bunch weight (BWT), number of hand (NHND), total number of finger (TFNG) and number of sucker at flowering (NSCK). Therefore, it can be concluded that plant spacing, and regular water supply plays a significant role in obtaining good yield in plantain production

Lactation performance of goats and growth rates of kids under different milking and rearing methods in Kenya

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ruvuna ◽  
T. C. Cartwright ◽  
H. Blackburn ◽  
M. Okeyo ◽  
S. Chema
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
East African ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Rearing Methods ◽  
Least Squares Techniques

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted to test different milking procedures for dual-purpose goats that would be suitable for smallholder farmers. In experiment 1, 105 East African and Galla does that kidded to singles were randomly assigned to three treatments: (a) milking in absence of kid and kid sucking residual; (b) milking in presence of kid and kid sucking residual; and (c) milking once a week and kid sucking all milk 6 days of the week. In experiment 2, 45 Galla does that kidded to singles were randomly assigned to three treatments: (a) weigh-suckle-weigh; (b) milking half udder while kid sucking other half and (c) kid sucking all milk in the evening and milking mornings. Measurements of milk yield, milk sucked and weights of kids were taken for 12 weeks of lactation.Results were analysed using least-squares techniques for unequal subclass numbers. Milking in the presence of kids increased does' milk yield. This increase was attributed to the stimulation of milk let-down by the presence of kids. Although this method potentially provided most milk for dairy use, less residual milk was left to sustain growth of kids. Estimates of total milk yield by milking once a week underestimated milk yield potential of the East African and Galla breeds. Results indicated an appropriate method for estimating milk potential should combine both milked and sucked milk measurements. Restricting milk available to the kids reduced their growth rates and thus indirectly affected their maturing rates. No milking procedure proved to be superior all-around for the smallholder for milking goats. To resolve this dilemma, use of an optimizing technique including socio-economic weighting of milk for family use relative to milk for kids was proposed.

Effect of density on growth, development, yield and quality of kabocha (Cucurbita maxima)

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
T. Botwright ◽  
N. Mendham ◽  
B. Chung
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
High Plant Density ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Growth Development

Summary. The effect of plant density on growth, development, yield and quality of kabocha (buttercup squash) (Cucurbita maxima) was examined during 1992–93, at a field site in Cambridge, Tasmania. Plant densities ranged between 0.5 and 4.7 plants/m2. Marketable and total yields were fitted to a yield–density model. Total yield followed an asymptotic trend, approaching 33 t/ha at 4.7 plants/m2, while marketable yield had a parabolic relationship with density. Marketable yield increased to a maximum of 18 t/ha at 1.1 plants/m2, while declining at higher densities because of increased numbers of undersized fruit. Yield of vine marked and callused fruit did not vary with density, but represented a significant proportion of the total yield at all densities. High plant density reduced vegetative growth per plant due to competition for limited resources; as shown by decreased leaf area, number and length of vines, and plant dry weight. Yield tended to decline at high densities because of fewer female flowers and increased fruit abortion per plant. Plants at low densities had more vegetative growth but decreased yields, as increased abortion of fruit relative to the higher plant densities left only 1–2 large fruit per plant. Economic returns varied with plant density. At high densities, variable costs increased (particularly due to high seed cost) while gross income declined reflecting the relationship between marketable yield and plant density. The gross margin therefore declined at high densities.

scholarly journals Unveiling the Actual Functions of Awns in Grasses: From Yield Potential to Quality Traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 7593
Author(s):  
Fabrice Ntakirutimana ◽  
Wengang Xie
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Genetic Associations ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Advance Research ◽  
Favorable Conditions

Awns, which are either bristles or hair-like outgrowths of lemmas in the florets, are one of the typical morphological characteristics of grass species. These stiff structures contribute to grain dispersal and burial and fend off animal predators. However, their phenotypic and genetic associations with traits deciding potential yield and quality are not fully understood. Awns appear to improve photosynthesis, provide assimilates for grain filling, thus contributing to the final grain yield, especially under temperature- and water-stress conditions. Long awns, however, represent a competing sink with developing kernels for photosynthates, which can reduce grain yield under favorable conditions. In addition, long awns can hamper postharvest handling, storage, and processing activities. Overall, little is known about the elusive role of awns, thus, this review summarizes what is known about the effect of awns on grain yield and biomass yield, grain nutritional value, and forage-quality attributes. The influence of awns on the agronomic performance of grasses seems to be associated with environmental and genetic factors and varies in different stages of plant development. The contribution of awns to yield traits and quality features previously documented in major cereal crops, such as rice, barley, and wheat, emphasizes that awns can be targeted for yield and quality improvement and may advance research aimed at identifying the phenotypic effects of morphological traits in grasses.

scholarly journals Improving the quality of African robustas: QTLs for yield- and quality-related traits in Coffea canephora

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 781-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Leroy ◽  
Fabien De Bellis ◽  
Hyacinthe Legnate ◽  
Edmund Kananura ◽  
Gustavo Gonzales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Yield And Quality

scholarly journals 650 PB 022 DIFFERENT LETTUCE TYPES RESPOND SIMILARLY TO P FERTILIZATION

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 525g-526
Author(s):  
N.M. El-Hout ◽  
C.A. Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Large Yield ◽  
Soil Test P ◽  
The Relationship

The production of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) types other than crisphead (i.e., leaf, boston, bibb, and romaine) has recently increased due to expanding consumer demand. Fertilizer P recommendations for these lettuce types are largely based on soil-test calibrations for the crisphead type only. However, biomass production and morphological traits of the different lettuce types vary. Four field experiments were conducted to compare the relative efficiencies of these lettuce types to P fertilization. All lettuce types showed large yield and quality responses to P. Because environmental conditions affected yield potential, P rates required for optimal yield varied by lettuce type within experiments. However, the P rates required for optimal yield were similar over all experiments. Furthermore, the relationship between relative yield and soil-test P across all seasons showed a similar soil-test P level was required for maximum yield of all lettuce types. The results of this study show that soil-test-based fertilizer recommendations for crisphead lettuce may be adequate for all lettuce types

scholarly journals Influence of Plant Density on Yield and Quality in Tomatoes Under Greenhouse Conditions in the Northwest on Mexico

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 801E-801
Author(s):  
Raul Leonel Grijalva-Contreras* ◽  
Ruben Macias-Duarte ◽  
Manuel de Jesus Valenzuela-Ruiz ◽  
Fabian Robles-Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Soil Medium ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Effect On Yield

Production of high value crops in greenhouse in the Northwest of Mexico is an efficient way to achieve high yield, and high quality and the some time vegetables with less pesticide residue. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of three different plant densities (1.89, 2.50, and 3.78 plants/m2) on yield and fruit quality on tomatoes. This experiment was carried out in the Experimental Station (INIFAP-CIRNO) inside polyethylene greenhouse. In this Trial we used soil medium and the variety used was `Matrix'. The date seedling establishment was on 26 Jan. 2003. Plant density did have an effect on yield, but did not affect the fruit size. Yield per square meter had a linear response a plant density. The yield obtained were 21.8, 16.1 and 14.7 kg/m2 using 3.78, 2.50 and 1.89 plants/m2, respectively. Weight fruit varied from 200.4 to 247.6 g/fruit for all densities. Also the density not affected the fruit color. None of the treatments evaluated had problems of insect pest and disease.

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