Recent studies of synthetic antibody-based 3-MCPD determination technology

3-Chloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) is classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as carcinogenic material. 3-MCPD will also become one of the European Union's requirements, proposing the maximum level of the 3-MCPD in palm oil until 2.5 ppm. Although the reported technologies GCMS and HPLC-FLD demonstrated high sensitivity and selectivity on 3-MCPD determination, those technologies invest in chemical and time-consuming sample preparation and analysis. Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP), or a synthetic antibody, can be used to recognize 3-MCPD. MIP is more robust under extreme environments such as temperature and pH. This paper, therefore, aims to discuss the application of MIP on sample extraction and analysis to detect 3-MCPD. MIP is synthesized by polymerization of functional monomers surrounding 3-MCPD as a template. 3-MCPD is then removed from the MIP, leaving active cavities. Thus, these sites can either covalently or non-covalently rebind to 3-MCPD. Computational or empirical studies could investigate the composition of MIP. MIP can be manufactured as MIP-based solid phase extraction (MIPSPE) and MIP-based sensor. Both applications showed significant analytical parameters, such as recovery higher than 90% and detection limit lower than 2.5 ppm. Therefore, the application of MIP can be flexible for sample preparation and analysis on the 3-MCPD determination. MIP-based technology would be a prospective instrument to detect 3-MCPD. In the future, producing MIP on an industrial scale will be a challenge to monitor the 3-MCPD level in palm oil.

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A Single LC-MS/MS Analysis to Quantify CoA Biosynthetic Intermediates and Short-Chain Acyl CoAs

Metabolites ◽

10.3390/metabo11080468 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 468

Author(s):

Anthony E. Jones ◽

Nataly J. Arias ◽

Aracely Acevedo ◽

Srinivasa T. Reddy ◽

Ajit S. Divakaruni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Sample Preparation ◽

Biosynthetic Pathway ◽

Solid Phase ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Short Chain ◽

Extraction Column ◽

Chain Acyl ◽

Precision And Accuracy ◽

Mass Spectrometry Mass Spectrometry

Coenzyme A (CoA) is an essential cofactor for dozens of reactions in intermediary metabolism. Dysregulation of CoA synthesis or acyl CoA metabolism can result in metabolic or neurodegenerative disease. Although several methods use liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to quantify acyl CoA levels in biological samples, few allow for simultaneous measurement of intermediates in the CoA biosynthetic pathway. Here we describe a simple sample preparation and LC-MS/MS method that can measure both short-chain acyl CoAs and biosynthetic precursors of CoA. The method does not require use of a solid phase extraction column during sample preparation and exhibits high sensitivity, precision, and accuracy. It reproduces expected changes from known effectors of cellular CoA homeostasis and helps clarify the mechanism by which excess concentrations of etomoxir reduce intracellular CoA levels.

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Solid-phase micro-extraction–gas chromatography–(tandem) mass spectrometry as a tool for pesticide residue analysis in water samples at high sensitivity and selectivity with confirmation capabilities

Journal of Chromatography A ◽

10.1016/j.chroma.2003.10.117 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 1026 (1-2) ◽

pp. 239-250 ◽

Cited By ~ 77

Author(s):

C Gonçalves ◽

M.F Alpendurada

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Residue Analysis ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Tandem Mass ◽

Pesticide Residue Analysis ◽

Solid Phase Micro Extraction ◽

Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽

Sensitivity And Selectivity

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QuEChERS-Based Extraction Procedures for the Analysis of Bisphenols S and A in Breast Milk Samples by LC-QqQ-MS

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.5740/jaoacint.18-0297 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 102 (1) ◽

pp. 23-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Tomasz Tuzimski ◽

Dominika Pieniążek ◽

Grzegorz Buszewicz ◽

Grzegorz Teresiński

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Multiple Reaction Monitoring ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Bisphenol S ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Multiple Reaction Monitoring Mode ◽

Sensitivity And Selectivity ◽

Primary Secondary Amine ◽

Array Detection

Abstract Different extraction and clean-up protocols, based on either the dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) and the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) approach, were optimized and compared for the determination of selected bisphenols such as bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS) in breast milk samples. QuEChERS-based sample preparation procedure was optimized by evaluation of different clean-up sorbents including zirconium-based sorbents (Z-Sep and Z-Sep Plus) and primary secondary amine. Negligible matrix interference was observed for most of the analytes due to application of 45 mg Z-Sep or 45 mg Z-Sep + 5 mg Z-Sep Plus sorbents in d-SPE clean-up step. Acceptable analytical performance for the BPA and BPS was observed with recoveries percentage in the range of 70–92% and RSD less than 15%. The pilot study was performed by applying HPLC with diode-array detection, and optimized procedures were transferred to the LC triple-quadrupole MS system. LC with electrospray ionization and tandem MS operating in the multiple reaction monitoring mode provide high sensitivity and selectivity for trace analysis. The LODs were 0.10 and 0.54 ng/mL, and the LOQs were 0.20 and 1.35 ng/mL for BPS and BPA, respectively. The developed procedures were evaluated in terms for material collection obtained from women (inhabitants of Lublin, Poland). In 20 samples, bisphenol residues were detected at concentrations from 0.09 to 11.56 ng/mL.

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Grafting of Silica Particles with Linoleic Acid via Modified Stober’s Method for Preconcenrtration of Pesticides in Drinking Water

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.778.316 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 778 ◽

pp. 316-324

Author(s):

Sadia Atta ◽

Mehreen Fatima ◽

Atif Islam ◽

Nafisa Gull ◽

Misbah Sultan

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Organochlorine Pesticides ◽

High Performance ◽

Solid Phase ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Reverse Phase ◽

Carcinogenic Activity ◽

Ultraviolet Detector ◽

Sensitivity And Selectivity

The extensive use of pesticides in agricultur has raised toxicity level in environment because of their mutagenic and carcinogenic activity. A sensitive technique is needed to develop for the detection of pesticides to get high sensitivity and selectivity in complex matrices. Modified Stober‘s method was used for the synthesis of pure SiO2 particles and grafted by linoleic acid. Grafted SiO2 were examined for its capability as a sorbent for removal and preconcentration of four organochlorine pesticides i.e. endrin, dieldrin, aldrin and DDT. The particles of SiO2 undergo hydrophobic interaction with linoleic acid by grafting. Both pure SiO2 and linoleic acid grafted SiO2 particles were characterized by SEM, FTIR and XRD. FTIR confirmed the grafting of SiO2 with linoleic acid. XRD and SEM results showed monodispersed and spherical SiO2 particles. The evaluation of grafted SiO2 was carried out by spiking organochlorine pesticides in drinking water. The grafted SiO2 particles could be used as a sorbent in solid phase extraction followed by high performance liquid chromatography with reverse phase C18 column with aqueous acetonitrile as a mobile phase with ultraviolet detector at 224 nm. The percent recoveries for aldrin, dieldin, endrin and DDT were 81, 52, 60 and 91%, respectively.

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Utilization of Synthetic Antibody for Fumonisin Determination in Feed and Food

Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.14334/wartazoa.v29i2.1999 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 51 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hasim Munawar ◽

Kal Karim ◽

Sergey A Piletsky

Keyword(s):

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Sample Preparation ◽

High Performance ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Bulk Polymerization ◽

Veterinary Drug ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

High Recovery ◽

Carcinogenic Effect ◽

Synthetic Antibody

Fumonisin contamination in food is limited around 2 – 4 ppm and in feed for different animals varies from 5 to 100 ppm. This regulation is to prevent animal and human from carcinogenic effect from fumonisins. Measurement of fumonisins frequently uses chromatography methods such as High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS); however, the sample preparation and analysis process for these methods are costly and time consuming. Immunoassays have also been employed for detecting fumonisins in food or feed. Unfortunately, the instability of antibody to harsh condition such as high temperature and pH becomes the drawback for immunoassay method. Currently, the technology based on molecularly imprinting, which is called synthetic antibody, has been established for replacing antibody functions. Therefore, the aim of this review is to describe development of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) in fumonisin analysis in feed and food. Herein, the composition and production of MIP were described comprehensively. Bulk polymerization and solid phase synthesis were methods for production of MIP in micro and nano sizes. The application of MIP was reported for sample preparation as solid phase extraction measured continuously by HPLC showing the high recovery (> 60%). Then, MIP replaced antibody in direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantifying fumonisins in maize with high recovery (>90%) and limit detection (2 – 6 pM). Lastly, MIP was also employed in electrochemical sensor application as receptor for recognizing fumonisin in milk and maize. In conclusion, the performance of MIP has been applied successfully for fumonisin analysis comprehensively from sample preparation and quantification. The MIP would be developed for wider application for other toxins in feed or food such as veterinary drug, heavy metals, or pesticides.

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Solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of several pesticides in water

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2010.915 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 667-675 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

A. Penetra ◽

V. Vale Cardoso ◽

E. Ferreira ◽

M. J. Benoliel

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽

Solid Phase Extraction ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Maximum Level ◽

Detector Response ◽

Tandem Mass ◽

Phase Extraction ◽

Sensitivity And Selectivity

Contamination of surface and groundwater sources with pesticide residues has been of great concern for a long time and it is a major challenge for the preservation and sustainability of the environment. In order to accomplish the requirements of the European Directive 98/83/EC, we developed and validated an analytical method based on the combination of gas chromatography and tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) using solid-phase extraction as sample preparation. In this work nine pesticides were studied: molinate, simazine, atrazine, terbuthylazine, diazinon, alachlor, metalaxyl, metolachlor and pendimethalin. In order to get the best sensitivity and selectivity for each pesticide, several parameters of the tandem mass spectrometry were optimized using the MRM mode. Good linearity of the detector response was found for all pesticides at concentrations within the tested working range, with linear determination coefficients higher than 0.9988. Recoveries studies in several matrices with different fortification levels were performed, with recoveries between 77 and 115% with RSD lower than 9.5%. The MQLs obtained for these compounds were between 0.013 μg L−1 and 0.022 μg L−1, which were much lower than the maximum level established by the European legislation.

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Schottky diodes based on 2D materials for environmental gas monitoring: a review on emerging trends, recent developments and future perspectives

Journal of Materials Chemistry C ◽

10.1039/d0tc04840b ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Minu Mathew ◽

Chandra Sekhar Rout

Keyword(s):

Gas Sensing ◽

2D Materials ◽

Schottky Diodes ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Future Perspectives ◽

Working Temperature ◽

Emerging Trends ◽

Gas Sensing Properties ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Sensitivity And Selectivity

This review details the fundamentals, working principles and recent developments of Schottky junctions based on 2D materials to emphasize their improved gas sensing properties including low working temperature, high sensitivity, and selectivity.

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Recent Trends in the Development of Green Microextraction Techniques for the Determination of Hazardous Organic Compounds in Wine

Current Analytical Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1573411015666190328185337 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (7) ◽

pp. 788-800 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Natasa P. Kalogiouri ◽

Victoria F. Samanidou

Keyword(s):

Sample Preparation ◽

Solid Phase Extraction ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Method Development ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction ◽

Phase Extraction ◽

Microextraction Techniques ◽

Hazardous Organic Compounds

Background:The sample preparation is the most crucial step in the analytical method development. Taking this into account, it is easily understood why the domain of sample preparation prior to detection is rapidly developing. Following the modern trends towards the automation, miniaturization, simplification and minimization of organic solvents and sample volumes, green microextraction techniques witness rapid growth in the field of food quality and safety. In a globalized market, it is essential to face the consumers need and develop analytical methods that guarantee the quality of food products and beverages. The strive for the accurate determination of organic hazards in a famous and appreciated alcoholic beverage like wine has necessitated the development of microextraction techniques.Objective:The objective of this review is to summarize all the recent microextraction methodologies, including solid phase extraction (SPE), solid phase microextraction (SPME), liquid-phase microextraction (LPME), dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD), single-drop microextraction (SDME) and dispersive solid phase extraction (DSPE) that were developed for the determination of hazardous organic compounds (pesticides, mycotoxins, colorants, biogenic amines, off-flavors) in wine. The analytical performance of the techniques is evaluated and their advantages and limitations are discussed.Conclusion:An extensive investigation of these techniques remains vital through the development of novel strategies and the implication of new materials that could upgrade the selectivity for the extraction of target analytes.

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