scholarly journals Yield of forage, grain and biomass in eight hybrids of maize with different sowing dates and environmental conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Ulises Santiago López ◽  
César A. Rosales Nieto ◽  
Elizabeth Santiago López ◽  
Norma Santiago López ◽  
Pablo Preciado Rangel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
First Year ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Sowing Season

The aim was to evaluate yield of forage, grain and biomass and fibre content of eight hybrids of maize (Rio-Grande, Arrayan, Genex 778, Narro 2010, Advance 2203, DAS 2358, P4082W and HT9150W) during two sowing seasons (spring/summer) for two consecutive years at La Laguna in Torreon, Mexico. Once the grain progression of the kernel milk line was ⅓, green forage yield (GFY), dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were determined. When the corncobs were fully mature, grain yield (GY) and biomass production (TBP) were determined. Weather conditions were recorded during the experiment. The results indicated that maximum temperature was higher and rainfall lower in the summer sowing and second year. Spring sowing had significantly higher yields of GFY, DM, GY and TBP compared to summer sowing. The first year of study showed significantly higher yields regarding GFY, GY and TBP, but FDN, FDA, DM content compared to the second year. The best hybrid for GFY and DM was Rio-Grande; for FDN and FDA was Advance 2203; for GY was HT9150W and finally for TBP was Arrayan. Regardless of the hybrid used and the sowing season, production of maize depended on external factors such as maximum temperature and rainfall; therefore, producers need to consider sowing in spring to avoid the negative effect of high temperatures on plant development.

Influence of abiotic factors and hosts on seasonal dynamic of green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens)

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
ARVIND KUMAR ◽  
POOJA KHULBE
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
First Year ◽  
Green Lacewing ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Correlation Studies ◽  
Helianthus Annus ◽  
Sunflower Crop ◽  
Second Year

Influence of abiotic factors and hosts on population dynamics of green lacewing, Chrysoper lacarnea (Stephens) was studied in sunflower, Helianthus annus (Linn.).The maximum number of C. carnea population was found during mid March –mid April in the first year and mid April – mid May in the second year in sunflower crop. The maximum number of host population viz. egg and larva of Helicoverpa armigera and Myzuspe rsicae population were found during mid March –mid April in both the year and correlation studies revealed the positive and significant correlation between larval population of H. armigera, M. persicae and predator C. carnea. While there was no significant relationship found between eggs of H. armigera and C. carnea. The C. carnea population on H. annus during both the year was positively correlated with maximum temperature and found significant,while negatively correlated with relative humidity.However, no significant correlation of C. carnea was found with minimum temperature in both the year.

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVITY OF PERENNIAL GRASSES AND MIXTURES WITH DIFFERENT SOWING DATES IN WESTERN SIBERIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
V. A. Petruk
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
First Year ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Sowing Period

The results of field studies for 2017 - 2019 are presented. yields of perennial grasses sown at different times of the growing season. Spring, summer, and winter sowing periods were compared. Alfalfa, clover, rump, and also their mixtures were sown in 2017 under the cover of barley. The value of the cover crop yield of spring and summer sowing periods did not differ significantly and amounted to 4-5 t / ha of absolutely dry matter. Winter barley crops have not formed. On average, over 2 years of use, the highest yields were observed in alfalfa-crust grass mixtures - 3.4 t / ha of absolutely dry matter. The lowest yield was obtained in the single-species seeding of the rump. Correspondingly, in the spring, summer and winter periods of sowing, the yield of rump was 1.6; 1.1 and 1.3 t / ha. With a late sowing period, the yield of perennial grasses is significantly lower compared to spring and summer. With winter sowing periods, the yield was the highest for grass stands of alfalfa and alfalfacrust grass mixture - 2.3 and 2.4 t / ha. It should be noted that in the second year of use, the yield by the sowing dates in single-species crops and grass mixtures is leveled. The winter crops of perennial grasses in the first year of use formed a low yield. Only in the second year (third year of life) the productivity of perennial grasses of winter sowing began to increase. Consequently, in the area under perennial grasses of the winter sowing period, during one growing season (the next year after sowing), the crop was not actually formed. Based on the data obtained, production can be recommended for spring and summer planting of perennial grasses under the cover of barley. The winter sowing period provides economically valuable crop yields only by the third year of life.

Effects of seeding densities and row spacing on yield and yield components of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. U. Hassan ◽  
M. H. Leitch ◽  
M. K. Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
First Year ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seed Density ◽  
Field Station ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Second Year

The space available to plants affects the available resources and hence modifies the growth habits and yield potential of plants. The effect of four seeding densities (250, 500, 750 and 1000 viable seeds/m2) and three row spacings (12, 15 and 20 cm) were evaluated at Morfa Mawr field station at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth, UK during the 1993 and 1994 growing seasons. Number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, thousand-seed weight and seed yield were examined during the study. Capsule index (CI) and harvest index (HI) were calculated from the observed data. During the first year, capsules per plant, seeds per capsule and capsule index were increased by decreasing the seed density, while the maximum seed yield of 3.9 t/ha was recorded at the highest seed density of 1000 seeds/m2. An increase in row spacing led to an almost linear increase in most of the yield attributes of the crop. During the second year, the response of yield and yield attributes to seeding densities was similar to that recorded during the first year. Seed yield increased with decreasing row spacing, while the rest of the components did not show any consistent response. During the first year, the overall performance and production of the crop was higher than in the second year because of the better weather conditions, with mild temperature and high rainfall during the season.

scholarly journals Comparison of Grain Yield and Some Characteristics of Hulled, Durum and Bread Wheat Genotypes Varieties

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bekir Atar ◽  
Burhan Kara
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
First Year ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Hulled Wheat ◽  
Hulled Wheats ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Second Year

In spite of the low grain yield they produce, the hulled wheat have become even more important in recent years because of their resistance to negative environmental conditions and healthy nutritional content. The research was carry out in order to comparison the yield and yield characteristics of durum (Kiziltan-91 and C-1252), hulled (Einkorn and Emmer) and bread wheat (Tir) varieties in Isparta ecological conditions in 2013-14 and 2014-15 vegetation periods. In both years, the highest grain yield was obtained in Kiziltan-91 variety (3992 and 3758 kg ha-1 respectively). The grain yield of hulled wheats in the first year (Einkorn 1269 kg ha-1, Emmer 2125 kg ha-1) was around Turkey averages. However, grain yield decreased of commercial wheat varieties due to the negative effect of high amount of rainfall in June in the second year, but considerably increased in (Einkorn 2150 kg ha-1, Emmer 2533 kg ha-1). N uptake was found to be lower in the than durum wheats. In terms of grain protein content, the highest values were obtained in Emmer variety (16.4%-15.3%).

scholarly journals еvaluation of meadow clover varieties selection of smolensk goshos in the collection nursery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.М. Мазин
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
High Yield ◽  
First Year ◽  
State Farm ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Pskov Region ◽  
Second Year

В статье представлены результаты оценки сортов клевера лугового селекции Смоленской ГОСХОС по урожайности зеленой и сухой массы и хозяйственно-ценным признакам за 2019-2020 годы. Целью наших исследований являлось изучение восьми перспективных сортов клевера лугового для рекомендации их возделывания в условиях Псковской области и возможного использования в селекционной работе. Исследовательская работа с сортами клевера лугового проводилась в коллекционном питомнике на опытном поле лаборатории агротехнологий ОП Псковский НИИСХ, который был заложен в 2019 году. Высокий урожай зеленой массы и сухого вещества, в сумме за два года пользования, показали сорта: Надежный – 19,2 т/га (от стандарта +4,4 т/га), Тайлен – 18,9 т/га (+ 4,1 т/га), Смоленский 29 – 18,1 т/га (+3,3 т/га), Починковец – 16,9 т/га (+2,1 т/га) и Делец – 15,1 т/га (+1,5 т/га). Погодные условия вегетационного сезона в 2019 и 2020 годах были благоприятными для роста и развития клевера лугового. Укосная спелось – фаза начала цветения клевера, у раннеспелых сортов наступила в среднем на 9-17 дней раньше, чем у позднеспелых. Засорённость травостоев в первом укосе второго года пользования составила 5-7% и повышалась во втором укосе по некоторым сортам до 30% видового участия. В первый год жизни растений наибольшая облиственность была у раннеспелых клеверов и составляла от 43 до 48%. Во второй год жизни – год основного использования травостоев клевера, от укоса к укосу облиственность растений клевера повышалась. Самый высокий показатель дружности отрастания был отмечен у сортов Починковец, Смоленский 29, Делец и Стодолищенский. Для возделывания в условиях производства в Псковской области можно рекомендовать сорта Надежный, Тайлен, Смоленский 29, Починковец и Делец. The article presents the results of the evaluation of meadow clover varieties selected by the Smolensk state farm according to the yield of green and dry mass and economically valuable characteristics for 2019-2020. The purpose of our research is to study eight promising varieties of meadow clover to recommend their culti- 25 vation in the conditions of the Pskov region and possible use in breeding work. Research work with varieties of meadow clover was carried out in a collection nursery on the experimental field of the laboratory of agricultural technologies of the Pskov research institute, which was founded in 2019. The high yield of green mass and dry matter, in total for two years of use, was shown by the Reliable varieties – 19.2 t/ha (from the standard +4.4 t/ha), Tailen-18.9 t/ha (+ 4.1 t/ha), Smolensky 29 – 18.1 t/ha (+3.3 t/ha) and Delets – 15.1 t/ha (+1.5 t / ha). The weather conditions of the growing season in 2019 and 2020 were favorable for the growth and development of meadow clover. The mowing season is the phase of the beginning of clover flowering, in early-maturing varieties it occurred on average 9-17 days earlier than in late-maturing varieties. The weed infestation in the first mowing of the second year of use was 5-7% and increased in the second mowing for some varieties up to 30% of the species participation. In the first year of plant life, the highest leafiness was in early-maturing clovers and ranged from 43 to 48%. In the second year of life – the year of the main use of clover herbage, the leafiness of clover plants increased from mowing to mowing. The highest rate of amity of reg rowth was noted in the varieties Pochinkovets, Smolensky 29, Delets and Stodolishchevsky. For cultivation in production conditions in the Pskov region, we can recommend the varieties Reliable, Tailen, Smolensky 29, Delets and Pochinkovets.

scholarly journals Fungal diseases of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivated in the south region of Poland

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 332-335
Author(s):  
S. Mazur ◽  
J. Nawrocki ◽  
J. Kućmierz
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Genus Fusarium ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Second Year

The investigations carried out in the last years showed that weather conditions were conductive to growth of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in Poland. Our experiments started since 2000 on two cultivars Myles and Sanford. Evans replaced cv. Sanford in second year. The results pointed to the cv. Myles as generally healthiest and the percentage of infested plants was 3.2% in the first year and 0.92% in the next year. The experiment showed that the most important threats for plants during vegetation season were fungi from the genus Fusarium and Rhizoctonia solani, isolated most often from roots. The basal parts of the stems affected mainly Alternaria genus. Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium avenaceum and Alternaria sp. attack most frequently pods and seeds.

scholarly journals Forage yield of Coastcross-1 pastures inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 36392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Flôres Aguirre ◽  
Clair Jorge Olivo ◽  
Patricia Fernandes Rodrigues ◽  
Débora Ribeiro Falk ◽  
Carine Beatriz Adams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
First Year ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Second Year

 The high cost of nitrogen fertilizers increases the expenses in pasture-based animal production. The inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacteria is an alternative to reduce the costs. This study evaluated the forage yield of Coastcross-1 pastures inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense, fertilized with different levels of nitrogen and subjected to cuts. The experiment was a factorial randomized block design with three replications. The factors were the inoculation (without inoculation, inoculated only at planting and reinoculated in the second year), levels of nitrogen (0, 100 and 200 kg ha-1 year-1 N) and seasons (spring, summer, fall and winter) when cuts were made. Forage yield, forage accumulation rate, botanical and structural pasture composition were evaluated. Forage yield without nitrogen fertilizer in pastures was in the first year 9.1, 11.7 and 11.7 t ha-1 DM, and in the second year 8.6, 11.2 and 11.5 t ha-1 DM, for the factor inoculation, respectively. The forage yield rises with inoculation at pasture planting, without nitrogen fertilization. Reinoculation is not necessary. 

scholarly journals Role of weather on Alternaria Leaf Blight Disease and its effect on Yield and Yield Components of Mustard

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 62-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sundar K Shrestha ◽  
Lisa Munk ◽  
Suresh B Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Mustard Oil ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Alternaria Brassicae ◽  
Research Journal ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Blight Disease

Alternaria leaf blight disease caused by Alternaria brassicae in mustard (Brassica juncea (L)Czern and Coss) was studied in two crop seasons, 1992 and 1993 in Nepal at Nawalpur, Sarlahi(Tarai) and Khumaltar, Lalitpur (mid hill). At Nawalpur, epidemics of the disease was recorded forboth seasons. Weather conditions like humidity, temperature and frequent rainfall played key rolefor the epidemics. In experimental fields, the disease appeared first in mid-December when therelative humidity was more than 80% with maximum temperature ranging between 18-25°C andminimum between 10-14°C. At Khumaltar, incidence of the disease was low in both seasons due tolow average temperature from December to February. Among cultivars, Krishna and Pusabold wereless susceptible than Varuna. Both mancozeb and iprodione had effectively reduced disease in thesprayed plots and increased seed yield by 48% and 130% respectively. The correlation betweendisease severity and yield, and yield components was negative and highly significant. Average yieldloss was estimated to be in the range of 32 to 57%. Seed infection was also significantly higher innon sprayed treatment than sprayed one. The disease showed a negative effect on oil content causinglosses on oil between 4.2 to 4.5%.Key words: Alternaria brassicae; epidemics; iprodione; mancozeb; mustard; oil contentDOI: 10.3126/narj.v6i0.3366Nepal Agriculture Research Journal Vol.6 2005 pp.62-72

Premature weaning in East Bhutan: only if mother is pregnant again

1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Bohler ◽  
Staffan Bergström
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Subsequent Pregnancy ◽  
First Year ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Supplementary Foods ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThe relationship between breast-feeding and subsequent pregnancy in East Bhutan is examined, against the background of local attitudes to family planning. Ninety-eight mothers who had given birth 30–36 months earlier were interviewed. Semisolid supplementary feeding was introduced at a median age of 3 months. Median total duration of breast-feeding was 28 months, and day and night breast-feeding on demand was continued throughout. Median duration of postpartum amenorrhoea was 12 months, and was associated with the timing of the introduction of supplementary foods.There was a significant association between the occurrence of a subsequent pregnancy and early termination of breast-feeding. The relationships between breast-feeding pattern and pregnancy interval are complex, and their relative influence changes with time. During the first year postpartum, infertility during lactational amenorrhoea is important. During the second year there is a strong negative effect on lactation from the next pregnancy. The only important reason for ceasing to breast-feed within 2 years seems to be a new pregnancy.

scholarly journals PARASITISM OF FRUIT FLIES (TEPHRITIDAE) IN FIELD, AFTER THE RELEASES OF Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (ASHMEAD) (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) IN RIO GRANDE DO SUL

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
RAFAEL NARCISO MEIRELLES ◽  
LUIZA RODRIGUES REDAELLI ◽  
SIMONE MUNDSTOCK JAHNKE ◽  
CLÁUDIA BERNARDES OURIQUE ◽  
DÂNIA VIEIRA BRANCO OZORIO
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
First Year ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
The Third ◽  
Native Parasitoids ◽  
Parasitism Rates ◽  
Diachasmimorpha Longicaudata ◽  
Second Year

ABSTRACT Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was introduced in 1994, in Northeastern Brazil, to evaluate its use in biological control programs of fruit flies. However, the effects of this specie on parasitism rates on the population of native parasitoids and fruit flies in Southern Brazil conditions are unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of releases of D. longicaudata on the parasitism rates on loquats, peach trees, strawberry guava trees, and persimmons in an experimental area in the city of Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, in southern Brazil. In the first year of the study, fruits were collected and stored in the laboratory to obtain pupae. The flies or parasitoids that emerged were counted and identified. In the second year, adults of D. longicaudata were reared in the laboratory on Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied.) and larvae were released in the field (1.700 insects/ha) at each harvest time and the parasitism was evaluated in the same manner as in the first year. In the third year, the procedure was the same as the first year, without any releases. A significant increase in the rates of parasitism was recorded in the second year except in the persimmon, in which no parasitoid was recovered in any year. In the second year the number of emerged fruit flies was also lower. In the third year, no D. longicaudata were recorded and parasitism rates of parasitism were statistically similar to those found in the first year. The native parasitoids collected were Aganaspis pelleranoi (Brèthes), Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti), Doryctobracon brasiliensis (Szépligeti) and Utetes anastrephae (Viereck). These species were found in at least one kind of fruit even in the years after the introduction of the exotic parasitoid, indicating that it was not harmful to these species. We conclude that D. longicaudata can help to reduce the population of fruit flies in Eldorado do Sul region, in Rio Grande do Sul.

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