scholarly journals Poverty, Migration and the Transmission of HIV/AIDS in District Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
S. Ullah ◽  
A. Naz ◽  
M.A. Khan ◽  
M.H. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Living Condition ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Migrant Families ◽  
Interview Guide ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province ◽  
Hiv Aids

Poverty, a multifaceted concept has been defined as: hunger; lack of shelter; being sick and not being able to see a doctor; having no access to a job; lack of freedom: fear for the future. Historically, people have migrated from one place to another to increase their livelihood and improve the living standards of their left behind families, while the process of globalization has intensified the movement of people across the world. Although, migration has been an important source of remittance and help in socioeconomic uplift of migrant families, however; it has also negatively impacted migrants and their families. Migrants are exposed to different risks and vulnerabilities at their destinations, which exposes them to many other health problems including their exposure of contracting HIV/AIDS. This study was conducted in the District Lower Dir of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan with the objectives to know the relationship between poverty, migration and transmission of HIV/AIDS. The study was qualitative in nature while the selection of the sample has been made under the purposive sampling technique. Primary data was collected from 12 respondents through in-depth interview using interview guide. The collected information was analyzed thematically in order to clarify the issue under study. The study concluded that migrants: face unsafe environments; lesser access to information and health services; precarious working and living condition; exposure to risky behaviors which put them at risk of contracting the disease.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK DAN TEKANAN SOSIAL DENGAN PERILAKU PENCEGAHAN PENULARAN HIV/AIDS PADA WBP DI LAPAS KELAS IIA PADANG

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Sri Mindayani ◽  
Hilda Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Social Pressure ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevention Of Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Data on the prevalence of Biological Integrated Surveillance and Behavior of the Ministry of Health in 2011 found that the prevalence of HIV and syphilis among prisoners was 3% and 5%. Penitentiary (Lapas) Class IIA Padang is one of the Penitentiary in West Sumatra Province that has HIV / AIDS cases. There are risky behaviors that cause WBP at risk of being infected with HIV/AIDS. This study aims to determine the behavior of prevention of HIV/AIDS transmission in WBP at the Padang II Class IIA Penitentiary in 2018. This type of research is analytical with a cross sectional design. This research was conducted from January - September 2018 Penitentiary Class IIA Padang. The study population numbered 1375 people and the number of samples was 94 people. Sampling is done by simple random sampling technique. Primary data collection is done by interviewing techniques using a questionnaire. Data analysis included univariate analysis and bivariate analysis. The results of the study indicate a relationship between social pressure, and the behavior of prevention of HIV/AIDS transmission in WBP in Padang Class IIA Prison. The results of the study also showed no relationship between age, education, ethnicity. It is recommended that officers from the Penitentiary need to collaborate with relevant stakeholders, such as the Padang City Health Office, to conduct direct monitoring of WBP who are still using narcotics. There needs to be an increase in the socialization of prevention of HIV/AIDS transmission in the Penitentiary Class IIA Padang.Keywords: Characteristics, Social Pressure, Behavior, HIV/AIDS

scholarly journals A Relational Analysis of Migration and Remittances Sent By Migrants and Its Impact on the Educational Outcome of Left behind Children in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Arab Naz ◽  
Safi Ullah ◽  
Nasar Khan ◽  
Javeria Raza ◽  
Sana Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Educational Outcome ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Relationship

Migration is a constant phenomenon in human evolution and had played a vital role in human affairs throughout the ages while the modern world that observe the ‘age of migration’ has no exception. Increasing international migratory flow during the last four decades have been the most visible manifestations of the globalization process accompanied by designation of the normative and institutional framework for global governance. This paper examines the relationship between migration and remittances sent by migrants with the educational outcome of left behind children. In this regard, the study has been carried out at Union Council Level in District Dir Lower Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. The primary data has obtained from a sample of 99 migrants' families through interview schedule utilizing purposive sampling technique. The collected information has classified and analyzed through computer-based program (SPSS) and the given hypotheses have tested through chi-squire test. The results thus confirmed that there is a significant relationship between migration and education of left behind children in the migrants' families.

scholarly journals SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPEDIMENTS TO WOMEN DEVELOPMENT AND EMPOWERMENT IN PESHAWAR, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Saadia Bibi ◽  
◽  
Zulfiqar Ali Kalhoro ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Private Organizations ◽  
Purposeful Sampling ◽  
Interview Guide ◽  
Development Goals

Pakistan stands among the worst performers when it comes to the equal opportunities for women. The Sustainable Development Goals (2015-30) have rightly prioritized women’s empowerment to provide them with equal opportunities. The empowerment of women brings about significant positive changes in the socio-economic aspects of the family and women’s status. The patriarchal nature, socio-cultural conditions and feudalistic mode of fabrication in Pakistani society has always kept women marginalized and have restricted them to participate along-with men in communal activities. This study was conducted in Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. At the first stage, a purposeful sampling technique was applied, and then convenience sampling was used for final data collection. The data was collected through a semi-structured interview guide, Students, government staff and employees of private organizations were involved. The study shows that socio-cultural factors have significant implications for the development of gender and empowerment of women. Keywords: women development, women empowerment, culture and religion, women and culture

scholarly journals A Systematic Inquiry of Media Efficacy in Pakistan with Respect to Government Accountability

2018 ◽  
Vol III (I) ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
Ahsan Ullah ◽  
Azmat Ali Shah
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Government Accountability ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Systematic Inquiry ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province ◽  
The Media

This research article was intended for finding the role of media in fostering government accountability in Pakistan. Furthermore, the mediating role of political parties was also checked through mediation analysis. This study utilized the information brought together through a structured adapted questionnaire among the participants of this study chosen through probability sampling technique from the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. It was revealed that through the analysis of the primary data that there is a considerable association found between media and government accountability. Furthermore, it was also proved that the media could significantly predict accountability. The data also revealed that people believed that political parties have a significant mediating role between media and government accountability. This study concluded that the media revolution in the advent of new kinds of media, conventional and non-conventional, has also had a profound impact on government accountability.

Management of professionalism matters by foreign returned doctors in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province.

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Zaheer -ul- Hassan ◽  
Usman Mahboob ◽  
Kamran Ashfaq ◽  
Naeem Riaz ◽  
Bilal Akram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Contract ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Professional Behaviors ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province ◽  
Practice Methods ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals

Abstract Objective: To determine the management of professionalism issues by foreign returned doctors who are practicing clinicians after returning from abroad. Methods: The qualitative study was conducted in tertiary care hospitals of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province from January to August 2016. Purposive sampling technique was used to include foreign returned doctors who shared how they managed professionalism matters in context of contrasting cultures at home and abroad. The participants were interviewed in-depth, and the audio records were transcribed verbatim. The data analysis generated codes that were consolidated under categories and then themes. Results: Interviews with ten foreign returned doctors led to 20 codes that resulted in eight categories out of which four main themes were developed namely; Foreign Cultural influence that observed how their stay abroad have influenced their practice methods. Experience, showed how personal experiences of the interviewees helped forge their practice rules in Pakistan. Social Contract theme included the ways in which foreign returned doctors understood and accepted the concept of social contract in Pakistan as compared to west and how they adapted accordingly. Wise Man Approach included the help sought and received by foreign returned doctors from their senior colleagues in managing and adjusting to societal norms regarding professional behaviors in Pakistan. Conclusion: There are multiple dissimilarities between the socio-cultural aspects, practices, and knowledge of foreign returned and local medical practitioners. There exists a gap in knowledge with regards to their clinical practice between foreign returned and local doctors. Continuou....

scholarly journals THE MERGER OF FATA: BREAKING THE CLUTCHES OF BRITISH COLONIAL FRONTIER CRIMES REGULATIONS (FCR)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
Alamgeer Khan ◽  
Intikhab Alam ◽  
Mussawar Shah ◽  
Asad Ullah ◽  
Malik Muhammad Shafi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Colonial Frontier

Purpose of the study: The present study aimed to find the association between frontier crime regulations (FCR) abolishment (independent variable) in the context of the merger of FATA with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (dependent variable). Methodology: The study follows a crossectional research design. Primary data were collected from 384 randomly selected respondents of the two newly merged districts, Khyber and Kurram of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. The association and strength of the relationship were obtained by the application of Chi-Square (χ2) and Kandel Tau b (Tb) test statistics. Main Findings: Based on the obtained statistics, the FCR law was against fundamental rights, favoring the local elites, a hurdle to development, a source of corruption, outdated and inefficient in counter militancy, unpopular, and the tribals ready to welcome the modern governance system. The background variables gender and age yielded spurious relationships. At the same time, socio-economic status resulted in a non-spurious relationship between the variables above. Applications of this study: The research results can be applied to such studies that focus on the indigenous culture, governance, and fundamental human rights. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study's unique feature is that it is the first-ever attempt to investigate such kinds of topics in Pakistan's tribal regions. Besides, it also provides an outlook of the inhuman and unjustified state-sponsored FCR. 

scholarly journals PERCEPTIONS AND ATTITUDES INFLUENCE ON THE LEVEL OF DISCRIMINATION AND STIGMATIZATION OF PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/ AIDS IN GARISSA COUNTY

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Osman S. Abdirahman ◽  
Dr. Sarah Onyango ◽  
Dr. Charles Walekhwa
Keyword(s):  
Target Population ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
The Public ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
Interview Guide ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to establish the perceptions and attitudes influence on the level of discrimination and stigmatization of people living with HIV/ AIDS in Garissa County.Methodology: The target population of the study was all the patients with HIV and AIDS attending The Comprehensive care Centre at Garissa Provincial General Hospital in Garissa County. There are approximately 2000 people actively on ARVs attending the facility. A sample of 200 respondents was selected using random sampling from the listed list of all patients in the hospitals. The study used primary data. Data collection methods included: questionnaires and interview guide. Data was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Information was sorted, coded and input into the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) for production of graphs, tables, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Results were presented by use of tables and charts.Results: Based on the findings, the study concluded that perceived factors influenced stigmatization and discrimination levels. Specifically, the likelihood of females spreading HIV influenced levels of stigmatization and discrimination. Similarly, the likelihood of old people spreading HIV influenced levels of stigmatization and discrimination.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Based on the findings, the study recommends that group therapy should be conducted regularly with an aim of encouraging members of the public to be tested and be aware of their HIV status. 

scholarly journals CLASS RELATIONS INFLUENCE ON THE LEVEL OF DISCRIMINATION AND STIGMATIZATION OF PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/ AIDS IN GARISSA COUNTY

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Osman S. Abdirahman ◽  
Dr. Sarah Onyango ◽  
Dr. Charles Walekhwa
Keyword(s):  
Civic Education ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Guidance And Counseling ◽  
Class Relations ◽  
Interview Guide ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to establish whether class relations influences the level of discrimination and stigmatization of people living with HIV/ AIDS in Garissa County.Methodology: The target population of the study was all the patients with HIV and AIDS attending The Comprehensive care Centre at Garissa Provincial General Hospital in Garissa County. There are approximately 2000 people actively on ARVs attending the facility. A sample of 200 respondents was selected using random sampling from the listed list of all patients in the hospitals. The study used primary data. Data collection methods included: questionnaires and interview guide. Data was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Information was sorted, coded and input into the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) for production of graphs, tables, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Results were presented by use of tables and charts.Results: Based on the findings, the study concluded that class relations influenced the level of stigmatization and discrimination. Specifically, the level of income influenced stigmatization and discrimination levels.  People with high levels of income experienced less of stigmatization and discrimination compared to those with low levels of income. The study also concluded that the level of income is statistically significant in explaining stigmatization and discrimination of people living with HIV in Garissa County.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Based on the findings, the study recommends that civic education and guidance and counseling would be of great importance in helping to iron out the wrong perceptions about HIV/AIDs. In addition, it would assist to reduce the levels of stigmatization and discrimination.

scholarly journals Rural Farm Households Knowledge, Attitude and Perception towards HIV/AIDS in Ebonyi State, Nigeria

1970 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 248-265
Author(s):  
G.N. Umeh ◽  
C. Nwofoke ◽  
S.U. Nwibo
Keyword(s):  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Social Constraints ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Farmer Knowledge ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Hiv Aids

This study investigated knowledge, attitude and perception of rural farm households towards HIV/AIDS in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Multi-stage random sampling technique was employed to collect primary data from one hundred and eight (180) rural famers (respondents) with the aid of a questionnaire augmented with an interview schedule. Both descriptive and inferential statistical tools were employed in data analysis. Result showed that HIV/AIDS awareness among the respondent was very high (94.44%). Despite this only 33.3% of them know their HIV status. Moreover, the level of knowledge of the rural households on HIV/AIDS was general low (33.3%). The route of transmission known by the majority (66.67%) was sexual intercourse. There were misconceptions about other modes of transmission and prevention of the disease among the rural farm households. Moreover, the general attitude towards HIV/AIDS patients among the rural people revealed to be poor. The result of the multiple regression analysis showed a high value of R2 of 72.3%. This shows that about 72.3% of the variation in the level of knowledge of the respondents on HIV/AIDS infection, transmission and prevention was caused by the socio-economic/personal characteristics of the rural farmers. The result of the factor analysis identified financial, institutional and social constraints as factors limiting rural farmer’ knowledge of HIV/AIDS. It was concluded that there was high level of awareness on HIV/AIDS among rural farm households. Nevertheless, there exist some misconception on the knowledge, mode of transition and preventive measures. The study recommends that Agricultural Extension Agents should encourage the farmers over their fear of HIV/AIDS and to voluntarily present themselves for HIV/AIDS testing and counseling, government should do more campaign on HIV/AIDS transmission and prevention measures in the study area, among others.Keywords: knowledge, attitude, perception, rural, farm households, HIV, AIDS, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.

scholarly journals Head of Family (Mashar) Sways Vote Choice in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

2021 ◽  
Vol VI (II) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Hassan Shah ◽  
Bakhtiar Khan ◽  
Saif Ul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Vote Choice ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
The Family ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province ◽  
Registered Voters ◽  
The Impact

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has a strong and well-organized social structure. Family is the basic unit of this social structure, which has a hierarchal structure. The head of the family (Mashar) has a significant position in a family in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Therefore, the head of the family (Mashar) influences the socio-economic and political decisions of the family members as well as the politico-socio attitudes. The study presents the impact of the head of the family (Mashar) on the vote choice of an individual. The results show that the head of the family (Mashar) has a strong stimulus to shape electorate vote choice on polling day. The study conducted in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The targeted population for the study was registered voters (Eighteen years or above male/female) of different National Assembly constituencies. A multi-stage probability sampling technique is used for data collection.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document