scholarly journals State of Rosa acicularis L. coenopopulations in forest park zone of Ekaterinburg

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
Elena Aleksandrovna Tishkina
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Anthropogenic Factor ◽  
Single Vertex ◽  
Forest Park ◽  
Ontogenetic Structure ◽  
The Difference

The experiments revealed that the studied fragments of Rosa acicularis L. coenopopulation were normal and full-fledged with single-vertex ontogenetic spectra. They are able to form self-sustaining habitats for several generations and spread over a significant territory. Three periods and six ontogenetic states were distinguished in the ontogenesis of Rosa acicularis L. The age structure had three types of spectrum - left-sided, centered, and right-sided. The difference in the ontogenetic structure depends on influence of anthropogenic factor, ecological and coenotic conditions of rose habitats, and variations in climatic conditions. When analyzing the parameters of coenopopulations, we found that the best conditions for existence of Rosa acicularis L. were in the berry pine forest (FCP5) in the park named after Foresters of Russia and reed grass pine forest (FCP1) in Uktus forest park, where the habitats were characterized by high morphological indicators, numbers and high values of the pregenerative fraction.

scholarly journals The structure and state of coenopopulations of the rare species Hedysarum gmelinii Ledeb. (Fabaceae) in different parts of the range

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Valentina Nikolaevna Ilina ◽  
Larisa Mikhailovna Abramova ◽  
Alfiya Naufalevna Mustafina
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
European Part ◽  
Altai Mountains ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Aging Index ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
Ontogenetic Structure ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Different Parts

The paper studies the ontogenetic structure features of coenopopulations of a rare representative Hedysarum gmelinii Ledeb. (Fabaceae) on the periphery of the range (the Middle Volga and the Bashkir pre-Urals) and in its central part (the Altai Mountains). The main demographic indicators are determined - the age index and the aging index. Taking demographic indicators into account, the types of coenopopulations were determined according to the delta-omega criterion: in the Bashkir pre-Urals they are mostly young, transitional in the Middle Volga region, and mature in the Altai Mountains. In habitats with great moisture in populations, an increase in the proportion of regenerative individuals was noted. Anthropogenic load (mainly in the form of grazing) has a greater impact on the number and density of individuals, but not on the type of ontogenetic spectrum of coenopopulations. The spatial and ontogenetic structure of coenopopulations of H. gmelinii is characterized by a rather high variety of ontogenetic spectra types (and types of populations, respectively) in the European part of the species range. Differences in the demographic parameters of the populations of the Samara and Orenburg Regions from the populations of the Bashkir pre-Urals and the Altai Mountains were revealed, which is associated with the difference in climatic conditions (primarily the degree of moisture). Features of the organization of H. gmelinii populations indicate their greater instability on the border of the range.

scholarly journals Oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida) of various habitats in southern Andalusia (Spain)

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanisław Seniczak ◽  
Anna Seniczak
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Oribatid Mites ◽  
Cypress Pine

Oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida) of various habitats in southern Andalusia (Spain)Oribatid mites were investigated in some habitats (litter under cypress, pine and larch trees, and patches of grasses, mosses and lichens) in southern Andalusia (Spain) in August 2005. The studied communities of oribatid mites were rather poor in terms of abundance and species diversity. The density of mites in cypress litter from the mountains (Granada, Ronda) was distinctly higher than in the coastal area (Benalmádena), which was probably caused by climatic conditions. The Oribatida achieved the highest density in grassy patches in Granada, but most species occurred in cypress litter from Ronda. Among oribatid species,Oribatula frisiaereached the highest density; alsoO. tibialisandHaplochthonius simplexwere relatively abundant. Some species of Oribatida were rich in juveniles, but the age structure of species greatly depended on the kind of litter.

Transformations and nitrate sources in an agricultural watershed(Quanshui River, China): An investigation using hydrogeochemistry, isotopes, and a Bayesian model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingda Cao
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Bayesian Model ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Watershed ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Transformation Mechanism ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrate Sources ◽  
The Difference

<p>The spatiotemporal changes of nitrate in agricultural watersheds are of global concern. Although numerous studies have explained the source and transformation mechanism of nitrate in groundwater and surface water, the transformation mechanism in groundwater remains poorly understood because of different hydrogeological and climatic conditions. Based on a field investigation and sampling, this study revealed the sources and transformation mechanism of nitrogen in surface water and groundwater in a karst agricultural watershed by comprehensively using water chemistry data, isotope components, and a Bayesian model (simmr). The results indicated that:1)Local agricultural activities have controlled the changes of δ<sup>15</sup>N-NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, δ<sup>18</sup>O-NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> and δ<sup>15</sup>N-NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> in groundwater. The difference is that the concentration of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> is significantly affected by rainfall. However, the contribution of rainfall to groundwater NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> is relatively small (<9%), indicating that there is a dual influence mechanism of leaching in the watershed that controls the concentration of groundwater NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, while agricultural activities control its isotope changes;2)The study observed that after fertilization, due to the influence of ammonia volatilization and nitrification, δ<sup>15</sup>N-NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, δ<sup>18</sup>O-NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> in groundwater showed a simultaneous decrease, while δ<sup>15</sup>N-NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> showed an increasing trend, which may be due to the result of incomplete nitration of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> in the vadose zone;3)According to the calculation results of the simmr model, in the two main fertilization periods in October 2018 and April 2019, the contribution of chemical fertilizers to groundwater NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>reached the peak value(65% and 69%), which is in line with the seasonal variations of δ<sup>15</sup>N-NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, δ<sup>18</sup>O-NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>and δ<sup>15</sup>N-NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>;4)The surface water in the watershed is mainly supplied by groundwater, and the contribution of chemical fertilizers to surface water NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> is generally higher than that of groundwater. This may be caused by the drainage of rice fields containing chemical fertilizers into the river.</p>

Modelling the influence of irrigation abstractions on Scotland’s water resources

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Dunn ◽  
N. Chalmers ◽  
M. Stalham ◽  
A. Lilly ◽  
B. Crabtree ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
European Water ◽  
Irrigation Control ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Potato Crops ◽  
Modelling Approach

Legislation to control abstraction of water in Scotland is limited and for purposes such as irrigation there are no restrictions in place over most of the country. This situation is set to change with implementation of the European Water Framework Directive. As a first step towards the development of appropriate policy for irrigation control there is a need to assess the current scale of irrigation practices in Scotland. This paper presents a modelling approach that has been used to quantify spatially the volume of water abstractions across the country for irrigation of potato crops under typical climatic conditions. A water balance model was developed to calculate soil moisture deficits and identify the potential need for irrigation. The results were then combined with spatial data on potato cropping and integrated to the sub-catchment scale to identify the river systems most at risk from over-abstraction. The results highlight that the areas that have greatest need for irrigation of potatoes are all concentrated in the central east-coast area of Scotland. The difference between irrigation demand in wet and dry years is very significant, although spatial patterns of the distribution are similar.

scholarly journals Flat Glass or Crystal Dome Aperture? A Year-Long Comparative Analysis of the Performance of Light Pipes in Real Residential Settings and Climatic Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magda Sibley ◽  
Antonio Peña-García
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Flat Glass ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

This paper presents the first comparative study of its type of the performance of light pipes with different types of apertures: a flat glass versus a bohemian crystal dome. Measurements were taken at 20-minute intervals over a period of one year in the bathrooms of two newly built identical houses of the same orientation located in Manchester, UK. The comparative analysis of the data collected for both light pipes types reveals that the crystal domed aperture consistently outperforms the flat glass one. Furthermore, the difference in the recorded horizontal illuminance is most marked during the winter months and at the end of the one-year experiment, indicating that the crystal dome has better performance for low incident winter light and higher resistance for the long term effect of weathering and pollution. This study provides strong evidence based on long term real measurements. Such evidence informs architects’ decisions when weighing up the aesthetic considerations of a flat glass aperture versus the higher illumination levels afforded by a crystal dome aperture with higher resistance to weathering and pollution.

scholarly journals The Impacts of Climate Change on Business

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-112
Author(s):  
Deepmala Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Interdisciplinary Studies ◽  
Business Leaders ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Indirect Impacts ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Demands are increasing on businesses to do their part to respond to the threat of climate change based on their influential position within the global community. If companies can effectively integrate strategy, people, processes and technology in the pursuit of initiatives that respond to climate change, the result can be a powerful tool of long-term value creation. But what exactly are the impacts of climate change on businesses is the focus of the study? Varying levels of appreciation of the effects of climate change on business operations are rooted in the difference between direct and indirect impacts of climate change. So, the question is how business gets impacted by direct and indirect differences? Some of these effects are potentially threatening to sustainable high performance changing climatic conditions. What are some specific steps businesses can take to respond to both the threats and opportunities presented by climate change? To support a fact-based discussion of the business impact of climate change, primary qualitative survey conducted to Nepalese business houses and as secondary of a global context. Business initiatives in response to climate change are generally spread across a broad range of activities, risking fragmentation. Climate change may transform parts of our planet, the context and presumptions by which businesses typically operate today. This transformation is a result of both the direct impacts of climate change on business operations, as well as its indirect effects. Many business leaders feel a profound responsibility to do their part to respond to the pressing global challenge represented by climate change. But apart from this sense of societal obligation, business leaders must also be attuned to how climate change is altering the dynamics of markets, competition and profitability. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ctbijis.v2i1.10816 Crossing the Border: International Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies Vol.2(1) 2014: 93-112  

The Effect of a Difference in Temperature and Humidity on certain Reactions of Female Aëdes aegypti (L.)

1952 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alec H. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Conditioning Effect ◽  
The Difference ◽  
C 50

Sir Rickard Christophers (1947) working at 25°C. and a relative humidity of 80–90 per cent. found female Aëdes aegypti to be attracted by a warm dry surface at 40°C., and to be unaffected by a moist surface at room temperature. The writer (1948), working at 28°C. and 50–70 per cent. R.H. (usually near 50 per cent.) found the opposite: a warm dry surface at temperatures from 36°C. to 40°C. had no effect, while a moist surface at room temperature exerted a quite definite attraction. The purpose of the present experiments was to test the hypothesis that the difference between the results obtained in these two investigations was due to the difference in the ambient temperature and humidity.Repetition of the relevant experiments at 25°C, 85–90 per cent. R.H., and 28°C, 50–55 per cent. R.H., gave results indicating that temperature and humidity difference operating at the time of the experiment could account for part but not all of the discrepancy. There are indications that the remainder may have been a result of the conditioning effect of temperature and humidity differences operating on the insect prior to the experiment.The results emphasise the need for a full description of the climatic conditions under which behaviour work of the type discussed is performed.

Age, growth and sex determination in a population of smooth snakes, Coronella austriaca in southern England

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Southern England ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Coronella Austriaca

AbstractBetween 1992-2001 a study of individually marked smooth snakes Coronella austriaca was done in Wareham Forest, southern England. The sex of individual snakes was determined using the relationship between tail length and snout-vent length, and the presence/absence of a hemi-penes swelling at the base of the tail. Males had longer tails than females at all ages/sizes and the difference between the sexes increased with increasing snout-vent length. Using multiple captures of known individuals over many years, size related daily growth rates were determined for each sex that enabled growth curves to be produced. The age structure of the population was determined for each complete year of the study. Very few young small snakes were captured each year. Of all the females who were potentially able to breed, only the oldest, and therefore largest, did so.

Glossina (Diptera: Glossinidae) population growth rates

1981 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Population Growth Rates ◽  
Laboratory Colonies ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Reproductive Rates ◽  
Population Equilibrium

AbstractDifferences in population growth rates, r, and net reproductive rates, R0, are shown between Glossina palpalis gambiensis Vanderplank, G. palpalis palpalis (R.-D.), G. morsitans morsitans Westw., G. morsitans centralis Machado, G. pallidipes Aust. and G. fuscipes fuscipes Newst. from field-collected data and laboratory colonies. The relationships of these population parameters with temperature are shown as well as the temperature-dependence of T, the cohort generation time. Two rapid methods for estimating r from R0 knowing the mean temperature, and a more accurate rapid method of calculating r direct from the capacity for increase, re, were developed from these data. The stable age-structure, C, calculated from these data was used to show that the laboratory-derived age-specific fecundity, mx, is 22% higher than in the field. The difference is probably due to natural abortion in the field and the better nutritional status of laboratory-reared flies. Deviation from the stable age-structure is shown to be an indication of the sample bias and population equilibrium. The relationships of these parameters to the state of a given population and to optimal timing of control efforts are considered.

Age structure and growth in a population of Pelobates varaldii (Anura, Pelobatidae) from northwestern Morocco

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 550-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcello Mezzasalma ◽  
Fabio Maria Guarino ◽  
Angelica Crottini ◽  
Franco Andreone ◽  
Philip de Pous
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Von Bertalanffy ◽  
Growth Coefficient ◽  
Similar Profile ◽  
Spadefoot Toad ◽  
The Difference ◽  
First Time

AbstractAge structure and growth in the Moroccan spadefoot toad, Pelobates varaldii were estimated by skeletochronology and reported for the first time for a population living in NW Morocco. Snout vent length and body mass did not significantly differ between the sexes, although females appeared larger and heavier than males. Age ranged 2-7 years in males (mean age±SD: 4.5±1.2, n = 66) and 2-10 years in females (4.7±2.4, n = 20). The difference in age was not significant between the sexes. The modal age was 5 years for males and 3 years for females. The age distributions significantly differed between the sexes. Von Bertalanffy growth curves showed a similar profile between the sexes although growth coefficient was higher in males than in females. Longevity and growth rates of P. varaldii were compared with those of other species of the genus Pelobates.

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