scholarly journals Sobornost and Totality in Georges Gurvitch's Social Law Doctrine

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-138
Author(s):  
Mikhail Yu. Zagirnyak
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
English Language ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Mutual Correlation ◽  
Social Law ◽  
The Social ◽  
Individualism And Collectivism ◽  
French And English ◽  
Binding Power

Georges Gurvitch (1894-1965), from the 1920s to the end of his life, was solving the problem of combining unity and plurality in the justification of society. He believed that individualism and collectivism represented social processes in a limited way because they were based on the preconception that the binding power of law derives respectively from a private or corporate actor's will. Gurvitch contrasted individual law with the social one, which was intended to overcome the opposition between individualism and collectivism. Social law bases on legal sociology's assumption that social interactions as such are already legal relations. This conclusion allows Gurvitch to consider any social interaction as a source of law and to assert legal pluralism as a way of constructing society. The integrity of the latter is a condition for the mutual correlation of the multiplicity of legal regulations generated by internal social interactions into the unified structure of social law. In a holistic approach to comprehending social interactions, Gurvitch, in his Russian-language works in the migr period, uses the philosophical-legal interpretation of sobornost to describe society's integrity. In French- and English-language works from the 1930s, Gurvitch uses the term "totality," which he learned from Marcel Mauss, to describe social integrity. This article compares sobornost and totality as variants of denoting social integrity in Gurvitch's social law doctrine. The researcher determines that Gurvitch, using the concepts of sobornost and totality, interpreted society's development differently, 1) as anti-hierarchical sobornost equality, and 2) as a hierarchical inordination of totalities. Having analyzed the peculiarities of the interpretation of sobornost and totality in Gurvitch's works, the author concludes that these concepts should be considered multilingual equivalents in denoting communal unity as sources of law, which reflect changes in the interpretation of society in Gurvitch's social law doctrine.

scholarly journals Respectus Philologicus, 2011 Nr. 20 (25)

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-286
Author(s):  
Gabija Bankauskaitė
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
English Language ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Bilingual Dictionaries ◽  
The Social ◽  
Heart Of Darkness ◽  
Cognition In Literature ◽  
Eugene Onegin ◽  
Jungian Archetypes

CONTENTS I. PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONSLoreta Ulvydienė, Giedrė Drėgvaitė (Lithuania). Linguistic Experience as the Projection of Urban Cognition in Literature...11Saule Altybayeva (Kazakhstan). Neomythologism of the Modern Kazakh Prose: Polycultural Discourse and Art Prospect Search...27Michał Mazurkiewicz (Poland). The Nature of Ritual... 40 II. FACTS AND REFLECTIONSLaima Kalėdienė (Lithuania). Attitude Towards the Official Language According to the Data of Sociolinguistic Survey... 52Vadim V. Dementyev (Russia). Glamour as “The Old New Svetskost”?....65Elena Bonta, Raluca Galiţa (Rumunia). Joking as a Semiotic Practice and Means of Spiritual Survival. A Pragma-linguistic and Stylistic Approach... 80Irina Melnikova (Lithuania). The Gorris Defence, Or Nabokov on Screen... 95Jadvyga Krūminienė, Artūras Cechanovičius (Lithuania). On some Jungian Archetypes Reflected in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness... 107Ewa Anna Piasta (Poland). Axiological Horizons of the Short Story „The Dream of the Saint“ by Reinhold Schneider... 122Oleg N. Grinbaum (Russia). The Fourth Chapter of the Novel “Eugene Onegin” by A. S. Pushkin: Onegin’s Monologue in the Light of Rhythm and Meaning ... 133Valentina Litvinova (Russia). The Epistolary Heritage of A. Chekhov from Siberia (the Letters of the Writer from the Point of View of Time and Space)... 153Roma Konsevičiūtė (Lithuania). The “Giesmių Giesmė” (The “Song of Songs”) Motive Transformation in Antanas Jasmantas’ Lyrics... 162Eleonora Lassan (Lithuania). Conjunction зато as a Means of Realization of Psychological Compensation in the Russian Language.... 170Joanna Senderska (Poland). The Social Vocabulary Enrichment Based on Selected Cases of Polish Sociolects...181Danguolė Melnikienė (Lithuania). Peculiarities of the Specific Realia Expression in Lithuanian Bilingual Dictionaries... 192Marlena Chudzik (Poland). Toponomastic Scholars’ Problems... 202Daiva Aliūkaitė (Lithuania). Expression Ideals of Young Samogitians: Conscious Attitude...209Yuri Tambovtsev, Ludmila Tambovtseva, Juliana Tambovtseva (Rusija / Rosja). Functioning of the Continuous Tenses in Female and Male Variants of the American and British English Language...221Natalia Krasilnikova (Russia). Public Opinion in the Light of Cognitive Discourse Paradigm... 233 III. OPINIONJelena Konickaja, Artur Zapolskij (Lithuania). Metaphors in Lithuanian and Slovenian Political Discourse... 243 IV. SCIENTIFIC LIFE CHRONICLEConferencesViktorija Makarova (Lithuania). “Language and Method”. Krakow, 5–6 May, 2011...254Daiva Aliūkaitė (Lithuania). Project “Research on Modern Geolinguistics in Lithuania: Point Network Optimization and Dissemination of Interactive Dialect Information“...257Books reviewsDanutė Balšaitytė (Lithuania). Diagnosed. What next? ЛАССАН, Э., 2011. Лингвистика ставит диагноз... Очерк «духа эпохи» в свете данных лингвистического анализа... 260Dagnė Beržaitė (Lithuania). Remarks of Ungrateful Reader. DOSTOJEVSKIS, F., 2010. Apysakos I: Antrininkas, Žiemos pastabos apie vasaros įspūdžius, Užrašai iš pogrindžio... 267 Announce... 271V. REQUIREMENTS FOR PUBLICATION...272VI. OUR AUTHORS...280

scholarly journals LEXICAL GAPS IN ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN LEGAL TERMINOLOGY

2018 ◽  
pp. 221-225
Author(s):  
R. E. Shkilev
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
English Language ◽  
Russian Translation ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Russian Language

The article deals with the phenomenon of gaps in legal terminology of the English language from the point of view of its Russian translation. The author analyzes the approaches to understanding lexical gaps. Examples of terminological gaps have been selected from English-English explanatory dictionaries. The selected terminological units have no equivalents in legal terminology of the Russian language. The study reveals the role of the commentary in rendering the meaning of terminological gaps. While considering the factors determining the existence of gaps, the author pays attention to both linguistic and extra-linguistic factors. The research revealed a number of lexical gaps among the terms of international law. English-Russian termninological dictionaries in some cases contain the explanations of notional gaps. The use of transliteration is a signal of notional gap. The conclusion is made about the connection between the perception of gaps and the structures of one’s mother tongue. The social and historical character of the gaps under study has been proved to be well-grounded. The author emphasizes the importance of detailed definitions for adequate rendering of the gaps.

scholarly journals Clickbait as a linguistic and cultural phenomenon (based on the material of the russian, french and english languages)

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
V. A. Buriakovskaia ◽  
O. A. Dmitrieva
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Information Space ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Text Type ◽  
Cultural Specificity ◽  
French And English ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
Modern Mass

The article considers a type of headlines – clickbait – that is common in modern mass media discourse. The novelty of the research is in the object of research and the material represented in three languages – Russian, English and French. Clickbait as a phenomenon has not been investigated before, neither has its national and cultural specificity in the three analyzed linguistic cultures; this fact determines the relevance of the study. The analysis of the language material was based on hypothetical-deductive method, continuous sampling method, and method of stylistic and contextual analysis. The purpose of this work is to identify the content and stylistic characteristics of clickbait in the Russian -, English- and French-speaking information space. Initially, the English-language lexeme “clickbait” was borrowed into Russian and also French, where it received additional nominations. In the Russian language this word is almost assimilated as a language unit. The authors believe that clickbait is a type of a manipulative influence exerted on perceiving mass audience, the essence of which is to attract and retain the recipient’s attention using false or dubious information. To this end, a variety of language and audio-visual tools are used that allow assigning clickbait to a creolized text type. The authors believe that clickbait is a global phenomenon in modern information space, which national and cultural specificity is determined by a national “agenda”. The article is addressed to philologists, psychologists and sociologists. The research results can as well be useful for undergraduate and postgraduate students specializing in the Humanities.

Value-driven issues throughout the development of sociological theory

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-160
Author(s):  
Gulbarshyn Chepurko ◽  
Valerii Pylypenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social System ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Levels

The paper examines and compares how the major sociological theories treat axiological issues. Value-driven topics are analysed in view of their relevance to society in times of crisis, when both societal life and the very structure of society undergo dramatic change. Nowadays, social scientists around the world are also witnessing such a change due to the emergence of alternative schools of sociological thought (non-classical, interpretive, postmodern, etc.) and, subsequently, the necessity to revise the paradigms that have been existed in sociology so far. Since the above-mentioned approaches are often used to address value-related issues, building a solid theoretical framework for these studies takes on considerable significance. Furthermore, the paradigm revision has been prompted by technological advances changing all areas of people’s lives, especially social interactions. The global human community, integral in nature, is being formed, and production of human values now matters more than production of things; hence the “expansion” of value-focused perspectives in contemporary sociology. The authors give special attention to collectivities which are higher-order units of the social system. These units are described as well-organised action systems where each individual performs his/her specific role. Just as the role of an individual is distinct from that of the collectivity (because the individual and the collectivity are different as units), so too a distinction is drawn between the value and the norm — because they represent different levels of social relationships. Values are the main connecting element between the society’s cultural system and the social sphere while norms, for the most part, belong to the social system. Values serve primarily to maintain the pattern according to which the society is functioning at a given time; norms are essential to social integration. Apart from being the means of regulating social processes and relationships, norms embody the “principles” that can be applied beyond a particular social system. The authors underline that it is important for Ukrainian sociology to keep abreast of the latest developments in the field of axiology and make good use of those ideas because this is a prerequisite for its successful integration into the global sociological community.

Exploring Foreign Language Communication Apprehension among the English Language University Students in the English Language Classroom Setting

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-39
Author(s):  
Draženka Molnar ◽  
Gabrijela Crnjak
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
English Language ◽  
Communication Apprehension ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
General View ◽  
Total Level ◽  
Foreign Language Acquisition ◽  
The Social ◽  
Language Classroom ◽  
Language Communication

Abstract Over the past few decades the interest in communication apprehension has increased among researchers and teachers in the field of second/foreign language acquisition (SLA/FLA).The present paper is set between the macro perspective of the social-psychological period - by giving a general view of communication apprehension (CA) - and the situation-specific period - by taking into consideration the immediate educational context.The paper focuses on the phenomenon of communication apprehension among the Croatian university level students in a foreign language classroom setting.In particular, it investigates if there is a difference in the total level of communication apprehension between undergraduate and graduate students of English Language and Literature.Furthermore, it explores whether there is a relationship between different aspects of communication apprehension and the total level of communication apprehension and which background factor is the best predictor of communication apprehension among the students.The first part of the paper brings a theoretical background of the main concepts in this research, whereas the second part of the paper reports on the research itself.Two sets of instruments, questionnaires completed by the students and in-depth interviews conducted among the teachers, were used for the purpose of this study.The results show that the year of study is not a significant predictor of the communication apprehension level which students experience.Among all variables included in the analysis, the only significant predictors of communication apprehension are evaluations.

THE USE OF THE TRANSLATION METHOD IN MASTERING THE TERMS

2019 ◽  
pp. 87-95
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
English Language ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
General Classification ◽  
Optimal Methods ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Problems Of Translation

The article is devoted to the role of Tourism terminology in linguistics and the issue of general classification, peculiarities in the expression and translation of terms related to tourism in English into Uzbek and Russian, as well as the choice of the most optimal methods for translating terms in accordance with the requirements of this professional sphere. The terminology of the English language tourism is distinguished by its brightness, versatility. Tourism terms are formed under the influence of a generalized lexical layer of language and perform a specific functional function.Tourism terms are formed through the affixation method (prefixation, suffixation, circumphixation) and get rich through the process.The terminology of English Tourism is distinguished by its content and structural features, forming a part of the language vocabulary from the linguistic point of view. Texts in the field of Tourism take into their composition concepts of Tourism and interpret them in their content. They will be mainly in the form of advertising, as well as enlighten information about a particular region or place, create informational precedents and ensure their manifestation in the social cultural presence. The relevance of the study of the problems of translation of terms in the field of tourism has been investigated, mainly due to the development of international relations, expansion of cooperation between local and foreign companies, as well as the increase in this area of communication.

Social ethology of the wolverine

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey P. Copeland ◽  
Arild Landa ◽  
Kimberly Heinemeyer ◽  
Keith B. Aubry ◽  
Jiska van Dijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Social System ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Ecological Framework ◽  
The Social ◽  
Living Species

Social behaviour in solitary carnivores has long been an active area of investigation but for many species remains largely founded in conjecture compared to our understanding of sociality in group-living species. The social organization of the wolverine has, until now, received little attention beyond its portrayal as a typical mustelid social system. In this chapter the authors compile observations of social interactions from multiple wolverine field studies, which are integrated into an ecological framework. An ethological model for the wolverine is proposed that reveals an intricate social organization, which is driven by variable resource availability within extremely large territories and supports social behaviour that underpins offspring development.

A Phenomenology of Rhythm

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lexi Eikelboom
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Henri Lefebvre ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Analytical Importance ◽  
Jazz Performance

This chapter proposes a framework for approaching the theological significance of rhythm through phenomenology, prosody, and the social sciences. In accordance with the general categories of phenomenology established by Merleau-Ponty and the “rhythmanalysis” of Henri Lefebvre, the chapter investigates two experiences of rhythm: approaches to analysing the human encounter with rhythm in the reading of poetry and the role of rhythm in social interactions introduced through commonalities between rhythm in conversation and in jazz performance. These explorations establish two features of rhythm that are of analytical importance for the chapters that follow: (1) the synchronic and the diachronic as two necessary but distinct theoretical perspectives on rhythm, each of which emphasizes different features of rhythm and (2) the importance of interruption for understanding rhythm’s significance.

Baroque Dance

2018 ◽  
pp. 263-285
Author(s):  
Jennifer Nevile
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Scientific Thought ◽  
The Social ◽  
French Court ◽  
Concept Of Beauty

Baroque dance was inseparable from music and theater, with its role in multimedia spectacles giving it a dramatic power and an expressive passion. It was part of politics and diplomacy; it was influenced by contemporary artistic attitudes as they pertained to the concept of beauty and artistic design principles, as well as trends in philosophic and scientific thought; and it reflected the organization of society and the social interactions of the upper levels of society. Dance taught self-control, which was itself a sign of noble virtue and a graceful bearing. While each country had its own national dance traditions, the fundamental characteristics of baroque dance was French; the practice as performed at the French court and the Opéra. The years 1630–1750 saw changes in styles and dance genres, major innovations in the methods of notating choreographies, as well as visible and substantial changes in the bodily deportment of dancers.

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