scholarly journals Investment projects in the largest cities of the Samara region

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-464
Author(s):  
Marina N. Mironova ◽  
Maria E. Rodina
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Regional Economy ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
The Future ◽  
Industrial Projects ◽  
Leading Enterprises

The article is devoted to the study of the sectoral and territorial structure of investment industrial projects in order to identify the potential development of the Samara region in a 30-year perspective. The main information of the study was the data on the developed and implemented investment projects of 2008-2048 from the Fund Agency for Attracting Investments of the Samara Region. It was revealed that more than 80% of the total investment in these projects is related to strategic projects designed to ensure the integrated development of the region. This implies the future changes in the sectors of the regional economy and its spatial development. 144 regional investment projects were considered, 79 of which are industrial and at the same time concentrate 2/3 of all investments. The analysis showed that the number of investment projects in the manufacturing industry of traditional areas prevails, however, 75% of the financial resources are allocated for the development of the fuel industry (the creation of oil refineries). A significant part of the projects is located in the largest cities: about 90% of all investments were directed to four cities - Samara, Novokuybyshevsk, Syzran and Tolyatti. The most important investment industrial projects are described for these cities, they make adjustments to their city-forming functions. Information and statistical base are materials of the Federal State Statistics Service and sites of cities of the Samara region also. The region specificity of current socio-economic situation is characterized and the industrial profile is determined. The most important cities are described as the centers of the region by their location, the main industries and leading enterprises. A comparison of the existing sectoral and territorial features of Samara regional economy and its investment projects allowed to draw the following conclusions. The most of industrial projects are implemented in the same industries that are basic in the economy of the region, so it will continue in the future. The role and importance of oil refining in the economy will increase significantly, while the manufacturing industry will decrease. The spatial picture of the economy will not change, but the imbalances will increase due to the development of large-scale oil refining projects in the largest cities of the Samara region. The processes of diversification of industrial production will mainly affect the development of the cities of Togliatti and Samara.

تقييم واقع صناعة تصفية النفط في العراق

2021 ◽  
Vol 2020 (67) ◽  
pp. 154-184
Author(s):  
دانية اياد جاسم ◽  
أ. د . فلاح خلف علي
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Refining Industry ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Strong Sector

The oil refining industry in Iraq is one of the industries of strategic importance, and what these industries have been subjected to destruction, obsolescence and neglect in a way that led to the deterioration of oil products in quantity and quality, and in a manner that is not commensurate with Iraq's capabilities in the field of daily crude oil production, as well as its incompatibility with laws and standards. In addition to the inability of these industries to achieve self-sufficiency and resort to closing the gap through imports. The study assumes that rebuilding the oil refineries in Iraq on modern foundations commensurate with international environmental laws and standards, will contribute to achieving self-sufficiency in high-quality oil products and open new horizons for the refining industry. The study reached several conclusions, the most important of which are the most important reasons for the decline in the production of refineries in Iraq, failure to implement investment projects for the oil refineries sector, reliance on old methods of liquidation, obsolescence of treatment units, neglect of maintenance and maintenance operations, and continuous stops due to the interruption of electrical current, and sabotage of some pipelines that transport crude oil to the refineries. The researcher recommended that the existence of a strong sector of refineries in Iraq capable of securing energy sources and achieving self-sufficiency, in addition to its ability to compete, that achieving this goal requires working on building new and modern refineries and rehabilitating old refineries to increase production capacities and obtain high-quality oil products to Iraq can compete in the global

scholarly journals Social Rates of Return in Pakistan's Large-scale Manufacturing Sector

1986 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 891-906
Author(s):  
Shamim A. Sahibzada ◽  
Mir Annice Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Discount Rate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Discount Rates ◽  
Rates Of Return ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Industrial Projects ◽  
Public And Private Sector

The paper attempts to estimate social rates of return in Pakistan's large-scale manufacturing sector. As cut-off rates, they can help in the selection of public and private sector projects and can also be used as' estimates of the Accounting Rate of Interest (ARI) which can then be used as test discount rates in the economic analysis of projects. In the context of Pakistan, our study makes an important contribution in that whereas the discount rates hitherto used in the country for an economic appraisal of projects have all been determined arbitrarily,1 we, in this study provide first ever rates that have been arrived at empirically. For example, the discount rate used in both private and public sector investment projects for a considerable period of time was arbitrarily fixed at 12 percent. The reason given for choosing this estimate was that it was based on the rate used by lending institutions on the loans they advanced to various development-oriented agencies. The Fifth Five Year Plan (1978-83) raised this rate to 20 percent for the industrial projects which were to be undertaken in the public sector because it required this sector to generate more funds [9]. Also, during this period, it had been decided that a cut-off rate of 15 percent would be applicable to private-sector industrial projects because the private sector investors complained that if the higher figure of 20 percent was used as a discount rate, then the Bruno Ratio, which measures the domestic cost of saving one unit of foreign exchange and also serves as a criterion of profitability, would decrease to such an extent that the project would become unprofitable.

scholarly journals Transport Infrastructure of the Republic of Crimea: Constraints and Prospects of Development

2019 ◽  
pp. 148-156
Author(s):  
Olga Patrakeeva ◽  
Svetlana Pyankova
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Passenger Transportation ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
The Republic

The Republic of Crimea has the potential and opportunities for the development of the agricultural and industrial complex, foreign trade relations, and the tourism cluster. However, the lack of modern transport infrastructure is a serious limiting factor for the economic growth of the region. The organization of transport and logistic flows in modern conditions is difficult due to both political and economic factors. It is the current state of the infrastructure which causes additional costs for shipping carriers. According to statistics of the Federal State Statistics Service in the Republic of Crimea, high transportation costs are the third most important limiting factor in the development (after the insolvency of buyers and the lack of financial resources) of the peninsula’s trading sector. Creating and modernizing the infrastructure is a systemic task connected both with the improvement of the logistics efficiency of the Crimea and directly with the intensification of the manufacturing sectors, and with the integration of these areas into the economy of the Russian Federation. In order to increase the capacity of freight and passenger transportation, it is necessary to reconstruct the entire transport system of the peninsula. Large-scale projects transforming the transport framework of the peninsula include the construction of the Crimean Bridge, the “Tavrida” highway and the new terminal of the International Airport “Simferopol”. The article shows that developing port and logistics facilities, implementing related investment projects require creating an accompanying social and engineering infrastructure. Improving the transport constituent will give a powerful impulse to the development of the tourism sector, will allow to implement the social and economic opportunities of the peninsula by increasing the tourist flow, reducing the cost of transportation, marketing and delivery of goods and the growth of transport accessibility of the territories.

Crowdfunding as an Alternative Method of Raising Capital

e-Finanse ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 56-66
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Wierzbicka
Keyword(s):  
Financial Market ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Ventures ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Research Task ◽  
Type Of Institution ◽  
Insufficient Knowledge

AbstractCrowdfunding is a method of financing new ventures, commercial, cultural or social, often in return for future products or actions, engaged in by many investors. Currently, it is an important element in the structure of available sources of financing for investment projects. Despite the interest of potential investors, individual social sponsors and large-scale activities of institutions promoting knowledge about the functioning of crowdfunding aimed at encouraging and promoting it as a source of capital for new ventures, there is a lack of knowledge and, consequently, experience on its development and achievement. The aim of this study is to analyze this source of financing, assess its development globally and in Poland. In the preparation of the article,. a critical analysis of foreign and Polish literature was carried out, and descriptive and comparative research methods applied. The research task undertaken in the study was to analyze the crowdfunding market globally and in Poland. The Polish crowdfunding platforms were detailed and compared in terms of value in relation to the largest global platforms. The source for analyses of crowdfunding development in Poland was available literature on the analyzed topic and secondary data from the websites of specialized internet platforms. The article depicts a new, but important, aspect of financing the activity of enterprises, which is crowdfunding. It should be emphasized that there is still insufficient knowledge about this type of institution and, as a result, the importance and role that social financing plays in the financial market.

A Study on the Impact of Family-friendly Certification on Financial Performance of SMEs: Focusing on the Manufacturing Industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Ok-Hee Park ◽  
Kwan-sik Na ◽  
Seok-Kee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Family Friendly ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

Background/Objectives: The purpose of the paper is to examine how family-friendly certificates introduced to pursue the compatibility of work and family life affect the financial performance of small and medium-sized manufacturers, and to provide useful information to companies considering the introduction of this system in the future.

scholarly journals Methodology for Determining the Location of River Ports on a Modernized Waterway Based on Non-Cost Criteria: A Case Study of the Odra River Waterway

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3571
Author(s):  
Bogusz Wiśnicki ◽  
Dorota Dybkowska-Stefek ◽  
Justyna Relisko-Rybak ◽  
Łukasz Kolanda
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Multicriteria Decision Making ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Optimal Selection ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Odra River ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Construction Works

The paper responds to research problems related to the implementation of large-scale investment projects in waterways in Europe. As part of design and construction works, it is necessary to indicate river ports that play a major role within the European transport network as intermodal nodes. This entails a number of challenges, the cardinal one being the optimal selection of port locations, taking into account the new transport, economic, and geopolitical situation that will be brought about by modernized waterways. The aim of the paper was to present an original methodology for determining port locations for modernized waterways based on non-cost criteria, as an extended multicriteria decision-making method (MCDM) and employing GIS (Geographic Information System)-based tools for spatial analysis. The methodology was designed to be applicable to the varying conditions of a river’s hydroengineering structures (free-flowing river, canalized river, and canals) and adjustable to the requirements posed by intermodal supply chains. The method was applied to study the Odra River Waterway, which allowed the formulation of recommendations regarding the application of the method in the case of different river sections at every stage of the research process.

scholarly journals Association of temporary Environmental Protection Agency regulation suspension with industrial economic viability and local air quality in California, United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Chang ◽  
Kenneth Zhang ◽  
Margaret Paczkowski ◽  
Sara Kohler ◽  
Marco Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background This study seeks to answer two questions about the impacts of the 2020 Environmental Protection Agency’s enforcement regulation rollbacks: is this suspension bolstering the economic viability of industries as oil and manufacturing executives claim they will and are these regulations upholding the agency’s mission of protecting the environment? Results To answer the former question, we utilized 6 months of state employment level data from California, United States, as a method of gauging the economic health of agency-regulated industries. We implemented a machine learning model to predict weekly employment data and a t-test to indicate any significant changes in employment. We found that, following California's state-issued stay-at-home order and the agency’s regulation suspension, oil and certain manufacturing industries had statistically significant lower employment values. To answer the latter question, we used 10 years of PM2.5 levels in California, United States, as a metric for local air quality and treatment–control county pairs to isolate the impact of regulation rollbacks from the impacts of the state lockdown. Using the agency’s data, we performed a t-test to determine whether treatment–control county pairs experienced a significant change in PM2.5 levels. Even with the statewide lockdown—a measure we hypothesized would correlate with decreased mobility and pollution levels—in place, counties with oil refineries experienced the same air pollution levels when compared to historical data averaged from the years 2009 to 2019. Conclusions In contrast to the expectation that the suspension would improve the financial health of the oil and manufacturing industry, we can conclude that these industries are not witnessing economic growth with the suspension and state shutdown in place. Additionally, counties with oil refineries could be taking advantage of these rollbacks to continue emitting the same amount of PM2.5, in spite of state lockdowns. For these reasons, we ask international policymakers to reconsider the suspension of enforcement regulations as these actions do not fulfill their initial expectations. We recommend the creation and maintenance of pollution control and prevention programs that develop emission baselines, mandate the construction of pollution databases, and update records of pollution emissions.

scholarly journals Using Participatory Spatial Tools to Unravel Community Perceptions of Land-Use Dynamics in a Mine-Expanding Landscape in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane J. Aggrey ◽  
Mirjam A. F. Ros-Tonen ◽  
Kwabena O. Asubonteng
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Mosaic Landscape ◽  
Rural Landscapes ◽  
The Future

AbstractArtisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) in sub-Saharan Africa creates considerable dynamics in rural landscapes. Many studies addressed the adverse effects of mining, but few studies use participatory spatial tools to assess the effects on land use. Hence, this paper takes an actor perspective to analyze how communities in a mixed farming-mining area in Ghana’s Eastern Region perceive the spatial dynamics of ASM and its effects on land for farming and food production from past (1986) to present (2018) and toward the future (2035). Participatory maps show how participants visualize the transformation of food-crop areas into small- and large-scale mining, tree crops, and settlement in all the communities between 1986 and 2018 and foresee these trends to continue in the future (2035). Participants also observe how a mosaic landscape shifts toward a segregated landscape, with simultaneous fragmentation of their farming land due to ASM. Further segregation is expected in the future, with attribution to the expansion of settlements being an unexpected outcome. Although participants expect adverse effects on the future availability of food-crop land, no firm conclusions can be drawn about the anticipated effect on food availability. The paper argues that, if responsibly applied and used to reveal community perspectives and concerns about landscape dynamics, participatory mapping can help raise awareness of the need for collective action and contribute to more inclusive landscape governance. These findings contribute to debates on the operationalization of integrated and inclusive landscape approaches and governance, particularly in areas with pervasive impacts of ASM.

scholarly journals Spatial Agglomeration of China’s Forest Products Manufacturing Industry: Measurement, Characteristics and Determinants

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1006
Author(s):  
Zhenhuan Chen ◽  
Hongge Zhu ◽  
Wencheng Zhao ◽  
Menghan Zhao ◽  
Yutong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Spatial Data Analysis ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Spatial Agglomeration ◽  
Continuous Space

China’s forest products manufacturing industry is experiencing the dual pressure of forest protection policies and wood scarcity and, therefore, it is of great significance to reveal the spatial agglomeration characteristics and evolution drivers of this industry to enhance its sustainable development. Based on the perspective of large-scale agglomeration in a continuous space, in this study, we used the spatial Gini coefficient and standard deviation ellipse method to investigate the spatial agglomeration degree and location distribution characteristics of China’s forest products manufacturing industry, and we used exploratory spatial data analysis to investigate its spatial agglomeration pattern. The results show that: (1) From 1988 to 2018, the degree of spatial agglomeration of China’s forest products manufacturing industry was relatively low, and the industry was characterized by a very pronounced imbalance in its spatial distribution. (2) The industry has a very clear core–periphery structure, the spatial distribution exhibits a “northeast-southwest” pattern, and the barycenter of the industrial distribution has tended to move south. (3) The industry mainly has a high–high and low–low spatial agglomeration pattern. The provinces with high–high agglomeration are few and concentrated in the southeast coastal area. (4) The spatial agglomeration and evolution characteristics of China’s forest products manufacturing industry may be simultaneously affected by forest protection policies, sources of raw materials, international trade and the degree of marketization. In the future, China’s forest products manufacturing industry should further increase the level of spatial agglomeration to fully realize the economies of scale.

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