scholarly journals Ecosystem approach in legal regulation of biosafety

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 232-247
Author(s):  
Irina O. Krasnova
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Biological Health ◽  
The Impact

In Russia, the aim to attain biosafety is declared in the strategic political documents without being adequately addressed in law relating to interaction between human communities and natural systems. To involve the ecological approaches into environmental legislation it seems reasonable to include into the general concept of beneficial quality of the environment the biological health of nature, when the impact of pathogenic, disease generating factors emanated by nature shall be minimized. The legal regulation should be based on the ecosystem and nature-based approach assuming that social development should follow and be in harmony with laws of nature. This approach will allow to upkeep the biological balance and biological health of nature and ensure biological safety of nature for human communities.

scholarly journals Transformation of higher education in civil engineering and quality of training of graduates

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-7
Author(s):  
Mikhail Sainov
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Educational Standards ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. Currently, there are numerous discussions concerning a relevant issue – the impact of transformations of the higher education system on the quality of graduates of technical universities. It is important to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of modern higher education in construction in comparison with one of the Soviet period and to define the direction it should be developed in the future. The present article analyzes the changes that higher education in construction has undergone since 1955 to the present time. Materials and methods. The data used in the analysis include regulatory documents which regulated the implementation of educational activities in different years: orders, classifiers, model curricula and state educational standards. The requirements to the structure and results of the study of educational programs in the field of construction were analyzed. Results. The analysis showed that over the past decades, higher education in construction has undergone significant changes. Fundamental transformations took place at the turn of the millennium when changing from a disciplinary to a competence model of education, as well as from direct government management of the education system to the normative legal regulation of educational activities. If in Soviet times, training was delivered under model curricula of construction specialties, now training is mainly performed according to Bachelor’s and Master’s degree programs, the content of which educational institutions determine independently on the basis of educational standards. Conclusions. The performed analysis identified the deficiencies in the modern system of higher education. The imperfection of the regulatory framework, the deficiencies of the competence approach make it impossible to ensure quality training of specialists in the construction industry. This involves improvement of higher education system, including in the field of construction. It is necessary to establish more detailed requirements to the study results and the content of educational programs. It requires among educational standards, exemplary basic educational programs.

scholarly journals Improving the quality of education: risks of virtual educational environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
С.А. Ковчур
Keyword(s):  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Digital Learning ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Effective Work ◽  
The Impact

В статье рассматривается проблема влияния рисков виртуальной образовательной среды на качество образования. С точки зрения педагогического взаимодействия как основы цифрового образовательного процесса выделяются риски, связанные с внешними организационными условиями реализации цифрового образования (отсутствие финансирования, принятие неэффективных управленческих решений, недостаточное нормативно-правовое регулирование, отсутствие материально-технического обеспечения, ограничение доступа к образовательным услугам), и психолого-педагогические риски (дидактические ошибки и недостатки в организации цифрового обучения, обусловленные неготовностью к деятельности в виртуальной образовательной среде участников педагогического взаимодействия, и их личностные характеристики, препятствующие эффективной работе). На основе анализа практической реализации проектных технологий даны рекомендации по предупреждению негативных последствий неготовности преподавателей и студентов к учебной деятельности в условиях виртуальной образовательной среды. The article deals with the problem of the impact of virtual educational environment risks on the quality of education. From the perspective of pedagogical interaction as of the basis of a digital educational process, the article highlights the risks associated with external organizational conditions of the implementation of digital education. Among them, there is a risk of a lack of funding, of making inefficient management decisions, of insufficient legal regulation, of a lack of logistical support, and of restricted access to education. Psychological and pedagogical risks are didactic mistakes and defects in the organization of digital learning, and personal characteristics as obstacles to effective work – both due to the unpreparedness of the participants of pedagogical interaction to work in the virtual educational environment. The author expresses opinion of the different degrees of such risks manifestation and the occurrence of consequences for the quality of education. Based on the analysis of practical experience in the implementation of project technologies, recommendations are offered to prevent the negative consequences caused by the unpreparedness of teachers and students learning in virtual educational environment.

scholarly journals Legal Regulation of Campaign Deliberation: Lessons from Brexit

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-277
Author(s):  
James Organ
Keyword(s):  
Direct Democracy ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Political Campaigns ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Political Campaigning ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Impact

There has been significant attention paid to explaining and understanding the impact of the UK’s vote to leave the EU on UK politics and its constitution. There has also been criticism of the political campaigning, from both the “leave” and “remain” sides, and of people’s understanding of what they were voting for. There has been limited discussion, though, of how to improve the quality of campaign deliberation, which is fundamental to the legitimacy of both representative and direct democratic processes. Using the UK’s vote on EU membership as a case study, this article examines the importance of the law to regulate and improve deliberation prior to direct public votes on specific policy issues. It also considers options for changes to the law and for its implementation, using the current provisions about false statements in electoral law as a starting point. The article argues that the quality of deliberation during UK referendum campaigns needs to improve and that legal regulation should be developed. There are, however, significant challenges in drafting legislation that appropriately defines and limits the use of misleading statements, and at the same time avoids excessive restriction of free speech, or an excessively political role for regulatory bodies and the courts. Given the nature of political campaigning and the challenges in reducing the use of misleading statements by political actors through legal regulation, increased deliberative opportunities for citizens are proposed as a complementary, perhaps more effective means to positively enhance deliberation in political campaigns. Whatever approach is taken, direct democracy needs to be combined effectively with representative democracy, based on a common underlying principle of the importance of deliberation, and not treated as a separate part of a state’s democracy.

scholarly journals On the issue of administrative and legal regulatory mechanism in the domestic pharmaceutical industry relations

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulac Olena ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Constant Change ◽  
Decentralization Reform ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Industry Relations

The article analyzes the individual components of the mechanism of administrative and legal regulation of relations in the domestic pharmaceutical industry at the present stage. Some problematic aspects of such activity are outlined. The legal bases of regulation of relations in the domestic pharmaceutical industry and the preconditions for reforming both the industry as a whole and its institutional component are determined. It is noted that the state policy in the pharmaceutical sector is implemented by public authorities, however, which, based on the constant change of the central executive system and decentralization reform, undergo quite frequent transformations, which directly affects the quality of their direct functions. In the pharmaceutical industry of Ukraine, there are a number of problematic issues, including corruption. One of the most painful problems facing the country is the problem of providing the population with quality and affordable medicines. The directions of activity of the domestic pharmaceutical branch are analyzed. It is noted that the administrative and legal regulation of relations in the pharmaceutical industry is an integral part of national management. The mechanism of administrative and legal regulation of relations in the pharmaceutical industry is considered as a system of tools (legal, organizational and institutional), which are components of the impact of this branch of law on public relations in the pharmaceutical industry and aimed at ensuring its proper functioning. The analysis of elements of administrative and legal regulation of relations in the pharmaceutical industry is carried out. Keywords: pharmaceutical industry, mechanism of administrative and legal regulation, administrative and legal regulation of relations in the pharmaceutical industry, health care legislation, medical industry, administration in the medical field

Institutionalization of Accounting and Auditing Services in Ukraine: Genesis, Evaluation, Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. s123-s137
Author(s):  
Olena Antoniuk ◽  
Petro Kutsyk ◽  
Iryna Brodska ◽  
Olena  Kolesnikova ◽  
Nataliya Struk
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
National Level ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Professional Organization ◽  
Actual Structure ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Separate Area ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the article is to consider the impact of institutionalization processes and regulations on the development of accounting and auditing services. The research is based on the analysis of the development of the institutional framework for the provision of audit services. Comparisons of the composition of regulatory support with the actual structure of accounting and auditing services on the basis of statistical data of the Audit Chamber of Ukraine for the period from 2011 to 2019 indicate the problems in institutional support. The purpose of the article is to answer the questions: 1) whether the legislative regulation has an impact on the volume of orders for statutory audit; 2) how the regulations have influenced the development of methodological support for the provision of audit services; 3) whether the practice and theory of audit services need convergence at the institutional level. The authors correlate  classification of audit services in normative documents, including documents of the professional organization of auditors. The issue of institutionalization is considered in the context of the interaction of accounting problems at the national level in Ukraine and the practice of auditors. It has been proven that the provision of accounting services and services is a priority in the activities of auditors. A separate area of research is the institutional principles of activity, requirements for quality of work. The study indicated a decrease in the number of audit entities in Ukraine. The results of the study have shown that there are differences between legal regulation and practice. The conclusion of this paper helps to identify vectors in the development of a regulatory framework of audit services national level.

scholarly journals Optimization of the quality of life of patients who need palliative care introduction

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Lyudmila A. Ertel
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Supportive Therapy ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Spiritual Potential ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Care System

People suffering from chronic progressive diseases of non-infectious and infectious nature need palliative care. When a condition with an unfavorable prognosis occurs, an integrated approach is required, which involves patient care in the medical, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects. This assistance is aimed at improving the quality of life of such patients and implemented in Russia as part of the provision of palliative care, which aims to improve the quality of life of not only the patient himself but also his family members. This study aims to examine the impact of legal regulation of palliative care as well as the medical, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects of palliative care on the quality of life and needs of the patients and their families. Using content analysis and documentary observation, the results regarding the impact of legal, medical, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects combined in the provision of palliative care on the quality of life of patients in need were examined. The study revealed gaps in the legal regulation of the provision of palliative care for patients, particularly HIV-infected patients and those with chronic tuberculosis. As part of optimizing the provision of palliative care, creating a vertically integrated information system for palliative care (VIMIS Palliative) is necessary. To improve the professional stability of medical staff groups providing palliative care and preventing suicidal behavior among patients, health care organizers should improve the mechanisms of psychological interaction among all the participants in the palliative care system. Organizational and methodological approaches in administering anesthesia must be improved, and the knowledge of medical workers on the theoretical foundations of the formation of pain syndromes and the modern methodology for analgesic treatment is required. The organization of the state system of the artificial ventilation of the lungs at home is required with the aim of long-term respiratory support for patients in need. Additionally, further research is needed to determine the impact of nutritional support as a supportive therapy on the course of treatment and the results of palliative care, allowing to optimize the quality of life of patients in need. Optimization of the quality of life of incurable patients depends on the level of palliative care to achieve and maintain the maximum of their physical, psychological, social, and spiritual potential. Furthermore, palliative care should meet the following requirements: early-onset, continuity, succession, comprehensive, phased, and individual approach. Despite certain existing common problems in the implementation of palliative care and the difficulties caused by the restructuring of the health care system in the fight against coronavirus infection, the system is functioning and has the necessary resources to ensure the quality of life and alleviate persistent painful symptoms of patients.

Corruptogenic Factors in Ecological Legislation

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Наталья Хлуденева ◽  
Natalya Khludeneva
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Wide Margin ◽  
Margin Of Appreciation

The article analyzes corruption risks of the ecological legislation, investigates shortcomings of the ecological legislation that directly affect the completeness and quality of the ecological legal regulation and contribute towards the intensification of corruption manifestations in the sphere of environmental protection. The author notes that the current Russian environmental legislation is characterized by the presence of a significant number of legal uncertainties, reference and blanket rules, norms that establish unreasonably wide margin of appreciation for subjects of law enforcement. The author concludes that not all shortcomings of the ecological legislation are the root causes contributing to corrupt practices.

scholarly journals Impact of the Quality of Returned-Used Products on the Optimal Design of a Manufacturing/Remanufacturing System under Carbon Emissions Constraints

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadok Turki ◽  
Nidhal Rezg
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Sustainable Supply Chains ◽  
Academic Researchers ◽  
Total Profit ◽  
Optimal Values ◽  
The Impact

Due to environmental legislation pressure and the competition between manufacturing firms, a high number of production firms are obliged to collect and remanufacture used products. As a result, firm leaders and academic researchers are devoted to developing and managing new sustainable supply chains. Most of the published works in the literature assume that new and remanufactured products are of the same quality, and that all of the returned-used products are remanufacturable. However, in practice, new products are perceived as being of higher quality than remanufactured ones, and the remanufacturing depends on the quality of the returned-used products. This paper aims to bridge this gap in the literature by providing an optimal design for a manufacturing/remanufacturing system that differentiates between new and remanufactured products and sorts the used products into three quality levels. The objective is to determine the optimal storage capacities and production decisions regarding new and remanufactured products while considering carbon emissions. A model is developed to consider the above issues and determine the total profit. An evolutionary algorithm is developed to find the optimal values regarding store capacities and the remanufacturing periods of new and remanufactured products that maximize the total profit. Numerical results are provided to study the impact of the quantity and quality of returned-used products on the optimal values of store capacities, the remanufacturing periods of new and remanufactured products, and carbon emissions.

scholarly journals Challenges in the implementation of conservation policies in the Reventazón Model Forest, Costa Rica

2012 ◽  
Vol 88 (03) ◽  
pp. 261-265
Author(s):  
José Alberto Cubero Moya ◽  
Ligia Quirós ◽  
Mildred Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
Payment For Environmental Services ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
The Impact

We present an analysis of the implementation of the main conservation policies in the Reventazón Model Forest in Costa Rica, and its contribution to the sustainability of environmental services. The existing environmental legislation has helped to curtail environmental degradation and loss of forest cover. The Reventazón Model Forest is an initiative created as a means of implementing Costa Rica’s commitment to the application of the ecosystem approach, and has served as a framework for putting into practice sustainable development policies with broad participation by communities in Cartago Province. The Payment for Environmental Services (PES) program has played a role in forest conservation and reforestation in 9% of the Model Forest. The challenge now is to increase the impact of this program in the Reventazón Model Forest, above all in the biological corridors, and we analyze some of the causes that could be limiting the PES program.

ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION OF THE INVESTMENTS’ EFFICIENCY IN THE INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT OF TERRITORIES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gennady Vladimirovich Olgarenko ◽  
Valentin Nikolaevich Krasnoshchekov ◽  
Denis Gennadievich Olgarenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Land Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Integrated Development ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Scientific Organisation ◽  
The Impact

"Intensive human economic activity has led to decrese in the natural resource potential of territories and qualitative changes in the natural environment surrounding a person: a violation of the spatial and functional structure of natural systems, a decrease in the biological diversity of flora and fauna, a deterioration in the quality of water and land resources, a decrease in the ecological and economic sustainability of technical and natural systems and the quality of human life. Ensuring the sustainable functioning and development of territories is possible due to the complex arrangement of the territory (scientific organisation of the territory). It is the optimisation of the land using structure that will restore disturbed ecosystems to standard values, increase biological diversity, environmental sustainability and economic efficiency of landscapes. One of the limiting factors in the implementation of this measure is the lack of an effective mechanism for assessing the effectiveness of investments in land development. All this indicates the need to develop proposals for the development of methodological approaches to assessing the environmental and economic efficiency of investments in land development, taking into account the shortcomings that we identified when analyzing existing approaches to assessing the effectiveness of investment projects of social significance. At the same time, it should be noted that ensuring sustainable development of territories is impossible with the existing nature-intensive concept of economic development. A new approach to solving this problem is needed, which should: • be based on a deep study of socio-economic and environmental problems, a retrospective analysis of the state of landscapes and a long-term forecast of the expected consequences of the impact of human activity on the state of individual components of the considered territory and the landscape as a whole; • it aims to ensure the socio-economic and environmental safety of Russia. The рurpose is to develop proposals for the development of a methodological approach to assessing the environmental and economic efficiency of investments in the integrated development of territories which are aimed at ensuring the socio-economic and environmental security of Russia."

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