scholarly journals LEGAL PERPSECTIVE ON THE TRADE FACILITATION AGREEMENT (TFA): INDONESIA CASE STUDIES

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozy

The application of trade facilitation needs further analyses in the context of Indonesian’s law. So far Indonesia does not yet ratify the trade facilitation agreement. In one hand the trade facilitation is a compulsory requirement that must be fulfilled by a state, in other hands the state does not provide a legal instrument. The consequence is legal uncertainty to those parties who want to invest their money in Indonesia. The trade facilitation will also in line with ASEAN programs. Those programs have same purposes to fasten the movement of goods and services by providing legal certainty on trade facilitation foundations. The WTO TFA can be used as ‘soft-law’ for Indonesian legal framework to apply trade facilitation enhancement, although it is not yet ratified by Indonesia. The WTO TFA will easily appropriate and have legal force if the implementation of the WTO TFA into Indonesian national legal structure is also noticeable. Abstrak: Penerapan regulasi tentang fasilitasi perdagangan internasional (TFA) dalam sistem hukum Indonesia memerlukan kajian lebih lanjut dan komprehensif. Selama ini indonesia belum meratifikasi persetujuan tentang TFA. Disatu sisi secara hukum internasional TFA harus diterapkan oleh suatu negara, akan tetapi masih banyak negara yang belum menerapkan TFA sebagai instrumen hukum di negaranya. Akibat dari kekosongan hukum tentang TFA banyak negara yang enggan menanamkan investasinya di Indonesia. Padahal TFA telah sejalan dengan program-program negara ASEAN. Karena pada intinya program TFA mempunyai tujuan sama yaitu mempercepat pertumbuhan ekonomi melalui percepatan pergerakan barang dan jasa dengan memperkuat pondasi hukum TFA. Sejauh ini WTO TFA dapat dipergunakan sebagai dasar hukum tak mengikat dalam sistem hukum Indonesia. Karena walau bagaimanapun pada suatu waktu WTO TFA bisa dijadikan kepastian hukum di tingkat internasional. Kata Kunci: Fasilitas Perdagangan, Perspektiv Hukum, Program ASEAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ozy Diva Ersya

he application of trade facilitation needs further analyses in the context of Indonesian’s law. So far Indonesia does not yet ratify the trade facilitation agreement. In one hand the trade facilitation is a compulsory requirement that must be fulfilled by a state, in other hands the state does not provide a legal instrument. The consequence is legal uncertainty to those parties who want to invest their money in Indonesia. The trade facilitation will also in line with ASEAN programs. Those programs have same purposes to fasten the movement of goods and services by providing legal certainty on trade facilitation foundations. The WTO TFA can be used as ‘soft-law’ for Indonesian legal framework to apply trade facilitation enhancement, although it is not yet ratified by Indonesia. The WTO TFA will easily appropriate and have legal force if the implementation of the WTO TFA into Indonesian national legal structure is also noticeable.


Author(s):  
Kreuschitz Viktor ◽  
Nehl Hanns Peter

This chapter looks at the evolution of the legal framework for State aid during the past six decades of economic integration and addresses State aid rules in the context of balancing national policy objectives with the necessity to review aids at a supranational level. A dual trend emerges from the evolution of State aid rules over the last sixty years. On the one hand, the Court of Justice has played a key role in establishing new principles and designing rules governing State aid. In parallel, the Commission also acts as a rule-maker, by introducing relevant soft law and regulatory texts. In this context, the adoption of the Procedural Regulation in 1999 can be regarded as a turning point in the codification and development of State aid rules. The development of State aid is, however, not completed, as reflected in the last reforms of the State Aid Action Plan and the State Aid Modernization initiative.


2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 46-64
Author(s):  
Desy Ary Setyawati ◽  
Dahlan Ali ◽  
M. Nur Rasyid

Transaksi elektronik adalah  suatu transaksi perdagangan atau perniagaan baik berupa penyebaran, pembelian, penjualan, pemasaran barang dan jasa dengan menggunakan media elektronik yang terhubung melalui internet. Dengan adanya transaksi elektronik sangat menguntungkan bagi pihak konsumen dalam memilih berbagai jenis barang namun pelanggaran hak-hak konsumen sangat memungkinkan terjadi  mengingat transaksi elektronik mempunyai karakteristik yang berbeda dengan transaksi konvensional. Untuk itu diperlukannya perlingan hukum terhapa konsumen dalam jual beli barang yang mengandung unsure penyalahgunaan keadaan yang dihubungkan dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen (UUPK). Penyalahgunaan keadaan yang sering dilakukan oleh pihak pelaku usaha adalah melanggar Pasal 4 UUPK tentang hak-hak konsumen. Penyalahgunaan keadaan juga dapat dilakukan oleh pihak pelaku usaha dengan mencantumkan klausula baku tidak sesuai dengan Pasal 18 UUPK tentang larangan pencantuman klausula baku.  Akibat dari penyalahgunaan keadaan dari pihak pelaku usaha mengakibatkan pihak konsumen mengalami kerugian dan mengakibatkan terjadinya wanprestasi. Selain UUPK dalam transaksi elektronik mengenai perlindungan terhadap konsumen juga diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (UUITE). UUITE menjelaskan tentang tanggung jawab pelaku usaha terhadap konsumen yang terdapat dalam Pasal 9 UUITE yang menyatakan bahwa,” Pelaku usaha yang menawarkan produk melalui sistem elektronik harus menyediakan informasi yang lengkap dan benar berkaitan dengan syarat kontrak, produsen, dan produk yang ditawarkan”. Pasal ini menjelaskan tanggung jawab pelaku usaha dalam memberikan informasi yang sebenarnya mengenai toko online miliknya dan informasi terkait pencantuman klausula baku untuk menghindari terjadinya wanprestasi antara pihak konsumen dan pelaku usaha. Dalam kondisi seperti ini sepatutnya negara hadir terutama dalam wujud hukum yang mengatur dan memberi perlindungan kepada konsumen, seperti yang dijelaskan dalam Pasal 1 angka 1  UUPK menyebutkan bahwa Perlindungan Konsumen adalah segala upaya yang menjamin adanya kepastian hukum untuk memberi perlindungan kepada konsumen.Electronic transaction is a trading or commercial transaction in the form of distributing, purchasing, selling, marketing of goods and services by using electronic media connected via internet. With the electronic transaction is very beneficial for the consumer in choosing various types of goods but violations of consumer rights is possible because electronic transactions have characteristics different from conventional transactions. Therefore, the need for legal relief on consumers in buying and selling of goods containing elements of misuse of the circumstances associated with the Act Number 8, 1999 concerning Customer Protection (UUPK). Abuse of the state that is often done by the business actor is violating Article 4 UUPK concerning consumer rights. Abuse of the situation can also be done by the business actor by stating the standard clause does not comply with Article 18 UUPK about the ban on the inclusion of the standard clause. As a result of misuse of the circumstances of the business actors resulted in the consumer losses and resulted in a default. In addition to UUPK in electronic transactions concerning consumer protection is also regulated in the Information and Electronic Transaction Act (UUITE). UUITE explains the business actors' responsibility to consumers contained in Article 9 UUITE states that, "Business actors offering products through electronic systems must provide complete and correct information relating to the terms of contracts, producers and offered products". This Article describes the responsibility of business actors in providing actual information about their online store and information related to the inclusion of standard clauses to avoid the occurrence of wanprestasi between the consumer and business actor. Under these circumstances, the state should be present primarily in the form of laws that regulate and provide protection to consumers, as described in Article 1 point 1 UUPK mention that Consumer Protection is any effort that ensures legal certainty to provide protection to consumers.


2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Regan

With increasing frequency comparisons are being drawn between the situation of the Palestinian people both in the Occupied Territories and inside Israel with the system of Apartheid imposed on the indigenous peoples of South Africa by the Nationalist Government in 1948. The object of this essay is to explore the analogy and test its merits and shortcomings. The essay explores the legal structure of the Apartheid system and compares it to that of the state of Israel and the legal framework under which Palestinians live in the occupied territories. It concludes that whilst the term Apartheid might seem attractive and adequate for descriptive purposes rendering the plight of the Palestinians more familiar ultimately there is a gap between the appearance and reality of the two experiences.


Author(s):  
Afnia Nur Masjidah ◽  
Rifqi Ridho Phahlevy ◽  
Emy Rosnawati

The principle of Good Governance contains Transparency, which is transparent and Accountability which explains that the procurement of goods and services in the Village needs to be regulated in a regulation that can guarantee legal certainty and produce goods and goods that are qualified. There were many different interpretations in each region which resulted in the vulnerability of misuse of rules, methods, to the determination of winners at a smaller level, one of them was in the Village Alert Operational Car Procurement in Rangkah Kidul Village, Sidoarjo. In the research, the procurement of Village Alert Operational Cars in Rangkah Kidul Sidoarjo Village used normative followed by case studies that looked at and observed the procurement. In fact the procurement is not based on the principle of openness and accountability. Besides that in nominal prices, accountability to the Rangkah Kidul village government in Sidoarjo is not worthy of being said as a good village government because it is not appropriate in the application of the General Principles of Good / Decent Governance.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (II) ◽  
pp. 181-204
Author(s):  
Amrunsyah

This paper is entitled "The Neglected Dream" (Implementation of the Purpose of Law and Criminal Law in Indonesia). Law and the purpose of law have interrelated and inseparable links. The law always plays an important role in a country even the law has a multifunction with the aim of the public good in order to achieve justice, legal certainty, order, expediency, and others. However, this is far from the fire. That is, the public is only given the wind of heaven and dreams that wash away while the state authorities use the law as a tool to suppress society, so that society can be positioned in accordance with the desires of the state authorities. The implementation of the law and the purpose of the law in force in Indonesia is clearly visible, so through a number of legal theories set forth in this paper will be a little stomping for anyone who understands it when compensating for the facts that occur in the midst of society. In fact, for people who want to get legal justice but in reality are entangled in the law. The government should be serious in responding to this because the people have given full mandate to manage this country, including in dealing with legal issues, both in terms of legal structure, legal substance and legal culture played by law enforcement.


2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-110
Author(s):  
Imam Yazid

The validity of marriage in Indonesia is regulated through Islamic law and regulations in Indonesia. In fact, many marriages occur that do not meet the regulations in Indonesia, resulting in legal uncertainty of the people involved in the marriage. This research is empirical legal research. The purpose of this study is to find out how the policies of the Religious Courts in Medan settles cases of iṡbat nikah (seeking a formal, legalized marriage certificate) that aims to divorce in 2015-2017, how are legal considerations in giving a decision to isbat nikah that aims to divorce, and how is legal certainty after divorce through isbat nikah. This research found that: firstly, isbat nikah is a solution to the problem of a married couple who are not recorded by an official appointed by the state and then the marriage certificate is to establish a divorce permit; secondly, religious court judges in Medan have a legal basis in giving a decision of isbat nikah cases to divorce, so the decision can be normatively accounted for; thirdly, the court’s decision gives rise to the benefits desired by the Shari'a, namely legal certainty after the isbat nikah, namely, among others, the provision of appropriate mut’ah (severance pay) to ex-wives, provision of living expenses for children who are not yet 21 years old, and formal registration of children from marriages that are not recorded by officers appointed by the state when the previous marriage occurred.


2021 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 02008
Author(s):  
Dmitry Krasikov ◽  
Nadezhda Lipkina

As evidenced by the preliminary results of work of the UN Open-ended Working Group on developments in the field of information and telecommunications in the context of international security, currently the states have different views towards legal regulation of cyberspace. A number of states (mostly Western) argue that the existing international law sufficiently addresses the relationships in the area, and they call on all interesting parties to express their views on how the law is applied, while other states, like Russia, China and Venezuela claim that there is a legal vacuum as to the regulation of cyberspace and propose starting to globally negotiate a new binding legal instrument. This paper explores the reasons for the states to insist on their views on the need for a new cyber treaty and demonstrates that the respective disagreement between states cannot be explained neither by a global interest in maintaining the state of legal uncertainty about the proper sources or rules, nor by the lack of choice of the parties to the debate regarding the tools to address such uncertainty. The authors argue that the explanation lies in the correlation between corresponding substantive and instrumental stances of both sides of the debate, since the states’ preferences regarding the appropriate rules can be more fully and effectively implemented within the respective instrumental solutions and such solutions provide their adherers with more tools to control the processes of their implementation.


2016 ◽  
pp. 43-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Vinokurov

The paper appraises current progress in establishing the Customs Union and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). Although the progress has slowed down after the initial rapid advancement, the Union is better viewed not as an exception from the general rules of regional economic integration but rather as one of the functioning customs unions with its successes and stumbling blocs. The paper reviews the state of Eurasian institutions, the establishment of the single market of goods and services, the situation with mutual trade and investment flows among the member states, the ongoing work on the liquidation/unification of non-tariff barriers, the problems of the efficient coordination of macroeconomic policies, progress towards establishing an EAEU network of free trade areas with partners around the world, the state of the common labor market, and the dynamics of public opinion on Eurasian integration in the five member states.


2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (12) ◽  
pp. 32-48
Author(s):  
Mr. Arun Gautam ◽  
Dr. Saurabh Sharma ◽  
CA Narendra Kumar Bansal

GST that is Goods and Services Tax has been in compel since first July, 2017 and which is, in constrain on numerous countries globally and they all were thinking about it as their business assessment framework. The principle reason for GST is to realize single tax on products at both centre and the state level in the nation.


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