scholarly journals Dietary Fats Are Vital For Human Long-Term Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 34-47
Author(s):  
Sumathy. T ◽  
Maheshkumar V.P ◽  
Jaikumar. S
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
The Other ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Fat Level ◽  
Chronic Health Problems

Lipids are the major contributors of taste, texture and energy of a diet. Changes in the intake of dietary fats bring about varied serum cholesterol levels as well the other factors that cause risk of chronic diseases. It has been established over years that the risk of CAD and other chronic health problems are not significantly influenced by the dietary saturated fatty acids (SFAs). Many recent researches also reported that the SFAs present in dairy products and coconut oil are very helpful in improving the health of an individual. Even though enhancement of inflammation and augmentation of the chronic ailments by V6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been reported widely, the V3 PUFA’s take the other side and act to counter the ill effects. Obesity and other associated health issues arise mainly due to the use of diets rich in carbohydrates instead of saturated fats. The benefits of replacing these carbohydrates and others with alternative nutrients have been well established with known mechanisms which bring down the adverse effects. The quality of fat may bring about chronic degenerative effects in the later stages. The use of fat and its types is shifted towards a pattern of healthy diet wherein the food may include a variety of different fats even at high levels. The present scenario of the researches in public health is mainly centered with the analysis of the association between dietary fat, level and quality, its impact on the risk of chronic diseases and cure. Thus, this review focuses on the need to re-examine the use of dietary fats and their clinical implications.

DEVELOPMENT OF AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF AVITAMINOSIS F

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
A. Levitsky ◽  
A. Lapinska ◽  
I. Selivanskaya
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Arachidonic Acids

The article analyzes the role of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially omega-3 series in humans and animals. The biosynthesis of essential PUFA in humans and animals is very limited, so they must be consumed with food (feed). Тhe ratio of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFA is very important. Biomembranes of animal cells contain about 30% PUFA with a ratio of ω-6/ ω-3 1-2. As this ratio increases, the physicochemical properties of biomembranes and the functional activity of their receptors change. The regulatory function of essential PUFA is that in the body under the action of oxygenase enzymes (cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase) are formed extremely active hormone-like substances (eicosanoids and docosanoids), which affect a number of physiological processes: inflammation, immunity, metabolism. Moreover, ω-6 PUFA form eicosanoids, which have pro-inflammatory, immunosuppressive properties, and ω-3 PUFAs form eicosanoids and docosanoids, which have anti-inflammatory and immunostimulatory properties. Deficiency of essential PUFA, and especially ω-3 PUFA, leads to impaired development of the body and its state of health, which are manifestations of avitaminosis F. Prevention and treatment of avitaminosis F is carried out with drugs that contain PUFA. To create new, more effective vitamin F preparations, it is necessary to reproduce the model of vitamin F deficiency. An experimental model of vitamin F deficiency in white rats kept on a fat –free diet with the addition of coconut oil, which is almost completely free of unsaturated fatty acids, and saturated fatty acids make up almost 99 % of all fatty acids was developed. The total content of ω-6 PUFA (sum of linoleic and arachidonic acids), the content of ω-3 PUFA (α-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids) in neutral lipids (triglycerides and cholesterol esters) defined. Тhe content of ω-6 PUFA under the influence of coconut oil decreased by 3.3 times, and the content of ω-3 PUFA - by 7.5 times. Тhe influence of coconut oil, the content of ω-6 PUFA decreased by 2.1 times, and the content of ω-3 PUFA - by 2.8 times. The most strongly reduces the content of ω-3 PUFA, namely eicosapentaenoic, coconut oil, starting from 5 %. Consumption of FFD with a content of 15 % coconut oil reduces the content of eicosapentaenoic acid to zero, ie we have an absolute deficiency of one of the most important essential PUFAs, which determined the presence of vitamin F deficiency.

Differential Effects of Dietary Fatty Acids on Body Composition and Adiposity

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Emamat ◽  
Zahra Yari ◽  
Hossein Farhadnejad ◽  
Parvin Mirmiran
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Total Body

Recent evidence has highlighted that fat accumulation, particularly abdominal fat distribution, is strongly associated with metabolic disturbance. It is also well-recognized that the metabolic responses to variations in macronutrients intake can affect body composition. Previous studies suggest that the quality of dietary fats can be considered as the main determinant of body-fat deposition, fat distribution, and body composition without altering the total body weight; however, the effects of dietary fats on body composition have controversial results. There is substantial evidence to suggest that saturated fatty acids are more obesogen than unsaturated fatty acids, and with the exception of some isomers like conjugate linoleic acid, most dietary trans fatty acids are adiposity enhancers, but there is no consensus on it yet. On the other hand, there is little evidence to indicate that higher intake of the n-3 and the n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids can be beneficial in attenuating adiposity, and the effect of monounsaturated fatty acids on body composition is contradictory. Accordingly, the content of this review summarizes the current body of knowledge on the potential effects of the different types of dietary fatty acids on body composition and adiposity. It also refers to the putative mechanisms underlying this association and reflects on the controversy of this topic.

scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Hazelnut Peels on the Contents of Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Tocopherols, and on the Shelf-Life of Ripened Ewe Cheese

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 538
Author(s):  
Vita Maria Marino ◽  
Teresa Rapisarda ◽  
Margherita Caccamo ◽  
Bernardo Valenti ◽  
Alessandro Priolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tocopherol Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cholesterol Oxidation ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Chocolate Industry ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Hazelnut peel (HNP), a by-product from the chocolate industry, is considered to be a suitable ingredient to be included in the diet of ruminants. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of feeding dairy ewes with a diet containing HNP on ripened cheese quality, including fatty acid (FA) profile, cholesterol, and tocopherol content, as well as stability during storage under commercial conditions. In total, 10 experimental cheeses were produced with bulk milk obtained from ewes fed a commercial concentrate (C group; n = 5) or a concentrate containing 36% HNP in dry matter (HNP group; n = 5). After 40 days of aging, each cheese was sub-sampled into three slices: one was analyzed immediately (C0 and HNP0), and the other two were refrigerated and analyzed after seven days (C7 and HNP7) and 14 days (C14 and HNP14), respectively. Compared to C, HNP cheese had more than twice as many tocopherols and mono-unsaturated FA and respectively 38% and 24% less of cholesterol and saturated FA. Tocopherols and cholesterol levels remained rather stable up to 14 days of storage regardless of the experimental group, suggesting no cholesterol oxidation. Therefore, the inclusion of HNP in ewe diets could be a valid resource to produce cheese with a healthier lipid profile and higher tocopherols content.

scholarly journals Distinctive postprandial modulation of β cell function and insulin sensitivity by dietary fats: monounsaturated compared with saturated fatty acids

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 638-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio López ◽  
Beatriz Bermúdez ◽  
Yolanda M Pacheco ◽  
José Villar ◽  
Rocío Abia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell Function

Relationship between the fatty acid composition of uropygial gland secretion and blood of meat chickens receiving different dietary fats

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Kanakri ◽  
Beverly Muhlhausler ◽  
John Carragher ◽  
Robert Gibson ◽  
Reza Barekatain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Preen Oil

Manipulation of the fatty acid composition of chicken feed has been shown to be effective for improving the nutritional value of chicken products. Currently, however, evaluation of the effectiveness of this approach requires invasive blood sampling or post mortem tissue sampling of the birds. Preen oil can be collected non-invasively from live birds. So this study aimed to test the hypothesis that the fatty acid composition of preen oil reflects that of the blood. Male and female meat chickens (Cobb 500) were fed a diet supplemented with 4% (w/w) flaxseed oil (high n-3 polyunsaturates) or beef tallow (mostly monounsaturates and saturates) for 6 weeks. Preen oil and whole blood samples (n = 9 birds per sex/diet treatment group) were collected freshly post mortem for fatty acid analysis. Preen oil analysis showed that ~97% of fatty acids were saturates, with a small percentage of n-6 polyunsaturates and traces of other types. There were negligible n-3 polyunsaturates in preen oil. Proportions of some saturated fatty acids were slightly, but significantly, affected by diet (C16:0 (P < 0.05) and C17:0 (P < 0.01)) or by gender (C10:0 and C18:0) (P < 0.05). Some fatty acids with odd numbers of carbon atoms (e.g. C17:0 and C19:0) were found in relatively high concentrations in preen oil, despite not being detectable in either the diet or blood. In conclusion, the fatty acid composition of preen oil does not accurately reflect the fatty acid profile of the blood; it is not, therefore, a suitable alternative for determining fatty acid status of meat chickens.

scholarly journals Fatty acids, epigenetic mechanisms and chronic diseases: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. González-Becerra ◽  
O. Ramos-Lopez ◽  
E. Barrón-Cabrera ◽  
J. I. Riezu-Boj ◽  
F. I. Milagro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Gene Expression Regulation ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Metabolic Alterations

Abstract Background Chronic illnesses like obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular diseases, are worldwide major causes of morbidity and mortality. These pathological conditions involve interactions between environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors. Recent advances in nutriepigenomics are contributing to clarify the role of some nutritional factors, including dietary fatty acids in gene expression regulation. This systematic review assesses currently available information concerning the role of the different fatty acids on epigenetic mechanisms that affect the development of chronic diseases or induce protective effects on metabolic alterations. Methods A targeted search was conducted in the PubMed/Medline databases using the keywords “fatty acids and epigenetic”. The data were analyzed according to the PRISMA-P guidelines. Results Consumption fatty acids like n-3 PUFA: EPA and DHA, and MUFA: oleic and palmitoleic acid was associated with an improvement of metabolic alterations. On the other hand, fatty acids that have been associated with the presence or development of obesity, T2D, pro-inflammatory profile, atherosclerosis and IR were n-6 PUFA, saturated fatty acids (stearic and palmitic), and trans fatty acids (elaidic), have been also linked with epigenetic changes. Conclusions Fatty acids can regulate gene expression by modifying epigenetic mechanisms and consequently result in positive or negative impacts on metabolic outcomes.

Effects on animal growth and lipid composition of heart, liver, and adipose tissue in male rats fed different levels and types of fats

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 1872-1877 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Farnworth ◽  
J. K. G. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Oil Mixtures ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Fat Level ◽  
Animal Growth ◽  
Fatty Acid Patterns ◽  
Fat Diets

Weanling male rats were fed diets containing 5, 10, or 20% (by weight) fat. Diets were made isocaloric by decreasing the amount of starch as the diet fat level increased. At each fat level, three oil mixtures were fed which contained 13, 32, or 79% saturated fatty acids. The polyunsaturate level was 11% of total fatty acids in all mixtures. After 12 weeks, animals eating the high fat diets had gained significantly less weight and had eaten less feed. These animals also had significantly lighter livers and more liver lipids. The level and type of fat in the diet affected the amount (mg/g) of several phospholipids in the liver and heart. The fatty acid patterns (total saturates, n − 3, n − 6 fatty acids) of the major phospholipids were generally constant, the monounsaturated fatty acids being the major exception.

scholarly journals The Production of Biofuels from Coconut Oil Using Microwave

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Suryanto ◽  
Suprapto Suprapto ◽  
Mahfud Mahfud
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Myristic Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Acid Reaction

Biofuels including biodiesel, an alternative fuel, is renewable, environmentally friendly, non-toxic and lowemission energy. The raw material used in this work was coconut oil, which contained saturated fatty acids about90% with medium chain (C8-C12), especially lauric acid and myristic acid. Reaction was conducted in batchreactor assisted by microwave. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of power and NaOH catalystin transesterification enhanced by microwave and to obtain a biofuels (biodiesel and biokerosene) derived fromcoconut oil. The reaction was performed by mixing oil and methanol with mole ratio of 1:6, catalystconcentration of 1% w/w with setting electrical power at 100, 264, 400, 600 and 800 W. The reaction time wasconditioned at of 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 15 min. The results showed that microwave could accelerate thetransesterification process to produce biodiesel using NaOH catalyst. The highest yield of biodiesel was 97.76 %,or 99.05 % conversion at 5 min reaction, meanwhile biokerosene was 48% after distillation.

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