scholarly journals Labour Potential of the Arctic Regions of the European Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
V. A. Shamakhov ◽  
N. M. Mezhevich ◽  
Yu. V. Romashkina ◽  
S. V. Tishkov
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Labour Potential ◽  
Educational Potential ◽  
Labor Potential

The work considered the possibilities and directions of evolution of demographic development of the Arctic region, analyzed some characteristics of the labor potential of the population living in the Arctic regions of the European part of Russia.The purpose of the study is to substantiate the possibility of attracting the local population and the need to employment specialists from other regions of Russia for the development of the Arctic.To achieve the goal of the study, general scientifi methods were used — the collection and analysis of data from state statistics and sample surveys. The use of a systematic approach made it possible to comprehensively assess the situation on the territory under study and substantiate the possibilities for its development.Analysis of the quantitative characteristics of the labor potential of the studied regions showed a stable negative dynamics throughout the post-Soviet period. A number of reasons have been identifi  that contribute to the outfl   of population from the Arctic regions, the most important of which are the low standard of living compared to the Russian average, as well as the ineff     functioning of the mechanisms of northern guarantees and compensation. At the same time, the qualitative characteristics of labor potential, in particular, the level of education of the population can be increased due to the existing educational potential of neighboring regions.Conclusions about the need to attract people from the regions of the middle zone of Russia for the Arctic are made.

scholarly journals Creating zones in administrative districts located in the Russian arctic region specific as per threats of cattle burials decay due to permafrost degradation

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-125
Author(s):  
B.A. Revich ◽  
◽  
D.A. Shaposhnikov ◽  
S.R. Raichich ◽  
S.A. Saburova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Permafrost Degradation ◽  
Relative Hazard ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Research Goal

Climatic changes have already resulted and will continue to result in gradual degradation of active upper layers in permafrost due to increased average air temperature in summer. Anthrax is an example of a climate-depending bacterial infection; anthrax agent creates spores that remain viable for a long period of time they spend in cryptobiosis in permafrost. Apparent permafrost degradation is already detected in most arctic regions in Russia and it can lead to anthrax burials decay thus creating elevated risks of the infection among farm animals and people who live on these territories. Our research goal was to create specific zones in municipal districts via combining data on permafrost, number of anthrax cattle burials, ascending trends in average long-term temperatures, and population density. We developed two relative hazard coefficients for characterizing anthrax outbreaks probability for animals and local population. Basing on numeric values obtained for these two coefficients, 70 administrative districts located in 15 RF subjects in the Arctic zone were listed in a descending order as per risks of the infection occurrence. We created two score scales showing relative hazard; they indicated that the highest population risk was typical for urban districts as population density there was much high than in rural ones. Our calculations should be helpful for determining priorities when preventive activities are developed on arctic and sub-arctic territories that are endemic as per anthrax. It is also important to obtain an actual list of cattle burials and to develop spatial-time models showing anthrax outbreaks occurrence taking into account climatic warming and permafrost degradation.

scholarly journals Creating zones in administrative districts located in the Russian arctic region specific as per threats of cattle burials decay due to permafrost degradation

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-125
Author(s):  
B.A. Revich ◽  
◽  
D.A. Shaposhnikov ◽  
S.R. Raichich ◽  
S.A. Saburova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Permafrost Degradation ◽  
Relative Hazard ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Research Goal

Climatic changes have already resulted and will continue to result in gradual degradation of active upper layers in permafrost due to increased average air temperature in summer. Anthrax is an example of a climate-depending bacterial infection; anthrax agent creates spores that remain viable for a long period of time they spend in cryptobiosis in permafrost. Apparent permafrost degradation is already detected in most arctic regions in Russia and it can lead to anthrax burials decay thus creating elevated risks of the infection among farm animals and people who live on these territories. Our research goal was to create specific zones in municipal districts via combining data on permafrost, number of anthrax cattle burials, ascending trends in average long-term temperatures, and population density. We developed two relative hazard coefficients for characterizing anthrax outbreaks probability for animals and local population. Basing on numeric values obtained for these two coefficients, 70 administrative districts located in 15 RF subjects in the Arctic zone were listed in a descending order as per risks of the infection occurrence. We created two score scales showing relative hazard; they indicated that the highest population risk was typical for urban districts as population density there was much high than in rural ones. Our calculations should be helpful for determining priorities when preventive activities are developed on arctic and sub-arctic territories that are endemic as per anthrax. It is also important to obtain an actual list of cattle burials and to develop spatial-time models showing anthrax outbreaks occurrence taking into account climatic warming and permafrost degradation.

Assessment methodology the level of the Arctic region population perception of innovation in relation to demographic development

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
О.В. Губина ◽  
А.А. Проворова
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
General Level ◽  
Assessment Methodology ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Potential Development ◽  
The Arctic Region ◽  
Perception Of Innovation

Предложен методический инструментарий оценки уровня восприятия инноваций населением при решении демографических вопросов. Разработанная методика апробирована на примере арктических муниципальных образований Архангельской области. Проведена количественная оценка уровня восприятия инноваций населением арктического региона. Выявлены особенности восприятия инноваций, которые возможно учитывать при разработке рекомендаций по повышению общего уровня восприятия инноваций, внедряемых в арктической социально-экономической среде и направленных на развитие демографического потенциала. Assessment methodology the level of the Arctic region population perception of innovation in the solving demographic issues are proposed. Methods has been tested in the Arctic municipalities of the Arkhangelsk region. A quantitative assessment the level of the Arctic region population perception of innovation is carried out. The features of the perception of innovation are revealed. These features should be taken into account when developing recommendations to increase the general level of perception of innovations which are being introduced into the Arctic socio-economic conditions and aimed at demographic potential development.

PRINCIPLES OF ALGORITHMIC FORMATION IN DESIGNING RESIDENTIAL UNITS FOR TEMPORARY ARCTIC SETTLEMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-40
Author(s):  
D. Zhukovskaya ◽  
A. Ivchenko
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Modeling ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Regional Identity ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Engineering System ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Residential Units ◽  
The Arctic Region

One of the special aspects of the Arctic region is the predominance of the rotational settlement. This article studies the types and principles of the formation of settlement systems in the Arctic zones as well as the factors that form the subject-spatial decisions in them. A distinctive characteristic of this form is the "sprouting" of domiciled settlements from temporary settlements as well as the simultaneous appearance of such a phenomenon as "dead cities". This influenced many life areas of the local population: from urban planning plans and housing construction technologies to the peculiarities of formation of subcultures and regional identity. By the example of subject-spatial complexes of temporary mobile settlements in the Arctic region, it is proposed to consider the time cycle as an object of design and its impact on the socio-cultural aspect of the life of the foreign-born population. A design concept for the self-organization of the system in the life cycle was proposed. Methods of spatial modeling were considered on the example of an engineering system for object modeling, where the feature is the presence of unified modular elements with an original mechanical detachable interface. The study used the methods of historical, cultural, and systems analysis, a systematic approach to design, scenario modeling, conceptual forecasting based on synergetic theory (theory of self-organization of systems), structural and spatial modeling.

scholarly journals Development of a system for automated control of oil transportation in the Arctic region to prevent the formation of paraffin deposits in pipelines

2019 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 07004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Kopteva ◽  
Vladimir Koptev ◽  
Vadim Malarev ◽  
Taisiya Ushkova
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Region ◽  
Electric Heating ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Automated Control ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Single Sensor ◽  
Measuring Unit

The paper introduces a unique methodology of preventing and controlling the formation of paraffin deposits in oil pipelines, which is a matter of urgency in regions with negative temperatures, including the Arctic regions. The paper presents the configuration and specific parameters of the developed measuring unit. The proposed measuring unit is capable of detecting the formation of a paraffin layer during its early stages and predicting its composition. Simultaneous use of two radioisotope sensors allows increasing the performance capabilities of the measuring unit, namely to detect the formation of a paraffin layer in the early stages and to issue a signal to amplify the control signal to control the oil pipeline paraffinisation. In addition, the use of a radioisotope unit instead of a single sensor will increase the accuracy of component-wise flow rate measurement, by making an allowance for paraffin deposits formation. The use of customized information processing algorithms also allows determining oil viscosity with high accuracy. The paper deals with an optimization of a system for automated control of a promising method of electric heating via the skin-cables, wherein safety factors of up to 36% are currently used, i.e. in most cases, 1/3 excess electric power is generated. The safety of using the radioisotope measuring technique is proven.

scholarly journals Issues of providing solid fuel to the Arctic regions of Yakutia and their solutions based on the potential development of the local raw material base

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
Vladislav Igorevich FEDOROV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Local Population ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Fuel Supply ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Coal Deposits ◽  
Northern Regions

Relevance. The interest of science and practice in the large-scale development of subarctic and arctic territories, in particular the Russian Far East and Siberia, has sharply increased in the world. Coal enterprises in remote and inaccessible areas of the region in the face of intense inter-fuel competition are faced with the need to comprehensively increase production efficiency. The successful solution of these problems is counteracted by a complex of unfavorable factors, which, compared with the regions of traditional subsoil use, significantly increase the cost of any activity and predetermine high specific energy consumption in conditions of increased risks of various nature. They are most pronounced in the northern regions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) with their extreme natural and climatic conditions, where due to the simultaneous effect of the low level of infrastructure development; very complex logistics; seasonality and discrepancies in the delivery of goods by water and road; scattered across a huge area of a small number of settlements, etc. there is a sharp complication of the conditions for the normal provision of all types of resources used. The priorities here are normal functioning of the local population, improving energy and environmental safety with acceptable economic and social efficiency. Purpose of the work: to substantiate the need and the possibility of adjusting geotechnological solutions when mining coal deposits with open pits of small and ultra-low thickness when they operate as part of local fuel and energy complexes to increase the efficiency and safety of deliveries to remote areas and improve the quality of coal shipped. Method of research. Generalization and analysis of scientific and technical literature. Using the method of analogy the selection of criteria for creation of micro-sections for coal mining in the Arctic regions of Yakutia and the effectiveness of their implementation in the system of providing solid fuel to consumers in hard-to-reach areas were made. Research results. A solid fuel supply scheme is proposed that meets the coal needs of remote areas of Yakutia, which is based on the concept of creating new local small coal mines near consumers to replace the existing expensive, complex and unreliable scheme. A complex of geotechnical criteria and boundary conditions oriented to small coal openings is presented, on the basis of which it is possible to reveal resource-saving, technical and technological capabilities of the chain, economically acceptable and environmentally efficient development of coal deposits. Link optimization can result from the immediate horizontal and vertical integration of small open cuts in the coal supply chain to consumers. Conclusions. The development of local deposits is one of the ways to increase the stability of the solid fuel supply chain to consumers, as well as the energy security of the inaccessible northern regions of Yakutia and support their economic and social development.

scholarly journals Beyond Statistics: a Qualitative Study of Primary Sector Transformation in the Post-Soviet Russian Arctic

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-80
Author(s):  
Kirill A. GALUSTOV ◽  
◽  
Igor A. KHODACHEK ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Level ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
Expert Survey ◽  
Primary Sector ◽  
Arctic Regions

The Russian Arctic is at the epicentre of economic, environmental, and social changes. At the same time, the peripheral character of the territory, its strong orientation on primary sector makes the region extremely volatile to suchlike shifts. The study concerns primary sector transformation in the Post-Soviet period when after 1991 significant changes in the economy were observed. The main aim of the paper is to identify the specifics, features and development prospects of the recent primary sector transfor-mation in the Russian Arctic. The statistical methods do not reflect the full picture of the transformation. Firstly, Russia has switched to UN national accounts system only in 1994. Secondly, the Arctic statistics after 2009 for regional level is unavailable. That is why the main method of the research is the expert survey method. The results of the study demonstrate the dominant role of the primary sector and the strong dependence of Russian Arctic regions on these activities. The study identifies the key factors and drivers of the transformation, a specific position of the oil and gas sector and the role of natural resources to be traditionally used in the primary sector. Despite the positive role of economic diversification in the long-term economic development, the corresponding effect for the Arctic regions is not fully expressed. The methodological novelty of the research is an unconventional research method of investigating primary sector transformation on the regional level in the Post-Soviet Russian Arctic, i.e. the expert survey. The method can be applied to other countries and industries.

scholarly journals Revisiting Russian Presidency in the Arctic Council

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
Valery Zhuravel ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Council ◽  
Shift Method ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Difficult Time ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
And Control

The article notes that in the period of preparation for the chairmanship of the Arctic Council (2021–2023), in order to further develop the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, new strategic documents, a package of benefits and preferences for business development were prepared and approved, measures were taken for the sustainable development of indigenous peoples, and to increase the role of science in Arctic research. The author draws attention to some unsolved problems of socio-economic development of the Arctic region (outflow of the population, especially young people; shortcomings of the organization of the shift method of work and centralized coordination and control of state orders and supplies to the population of hard-to-reach Arctic regions; violation of environmental requirements). It is emphasized that Russia assumes the post of chairman of the Arctic Council at a difficult time: the coronavirus pandemic, political tensions in relations with the West, including on issues of management and security of the Arctic, economic sanctions from the Arctic states, which creates certain difficulties in the activities in the Arctic direction. The author concludes that the developed program, the plan of main events, the activity of ministries and departments in the next 2 years will allow us to successfully cope with the chairmanship, show our foreign colleagues all the best that is available in the Russian Far North, and contribute to the strengthening of the Arctic Council.

scholarly journals ‘Ancient lore with modern appliances’: networks, expertise, and the making of the Open Polar Sea, 1851–1853

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Nanna Katrine Lüders Kaalund ◽  
John Woitkowitz
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Region ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
New Findings ◽  
History Of ◽  
Arctic Exploration ◽  
Epistemic Objects ◽  
Arctic Science

Abstract This article provides a transnational analysis of the campaigns for the organization of expeditions to the central Arctic region by the American explorer Elisha Kent Kane and the Prussian cartographer August Petermann between 1851 and 1853. By adopting a comparative approach, this study focuses on three interventions in the history of Arctic science and exploration: the construction of scientific expertise surrounding the relationship between the ‘armchair’ and the field, the role of transnational networks, and the significance of maps as travelling epistemic objects in the production of knowledge about the Arctic regions. In bringing both campaigns in conversation with each other, this article demonstrates that the histories of Kane's and Petermann's campaigns did not constitute isolated episodes but form part of a transnational nexus of imperial science and Arctic exploration in the nineteenth century. Moreover, based on research in libraries and archives in the United States, Germany and England, this study reconnects otherwise siloed collections and contributes new findings on the interpersonal networks of science and exploration. Finally, this article illustrates the importance of adopting comparative transnational approaches for understanding the fluid and reciprocal nature of Arctic science throughout the transatlantic world.

The history of research and development of the Yamal region by student construction units of the USSR (1950—1970)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (03) ◽  
pp. 192-199
Author(s):  
Alexander Prischepa ◽  
Dmitriy Vycherov
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Secondary Employment ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Government Construction ◽  
The Arctic Region

Rational proposals for the development of the Arctic region came not only from scientists from research institutes, but also from other specialists. A large number of hypotheses and proposals for the development of the Arctic regions of the USSR were considered. At the same time, the emphasis was made on the construction of transport hubs, including cargo-forming and storage facilities with large industrial centers in Yamal. Student construction units came to the aid of the government. Construction teams were an effective way to provide secondary employment for young people, organize leisure life, the opportunity for creative activity through the self-realization of ideas and the inclusion of youth in creative work.

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