Strengthening local communities through development of local self-government institutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
ANTON PILSHCHIKOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Public Organizations ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Local Problems ◽  
Definition Of

Solving problems at the local level requires the unified activity of both the municipal authorities and representatives of civil society. In this regard, the author attempts to comprehend the concepts of ‘local self-government’ and ‘local community’ in the context of the formation of a cooperative environment in the relationship between them, and also gives his own definition of the term based on existing approaches and views. The essence of this understanding of the local community is to emphasize the uniqueness of the role of local governments and public organizations, as well as individual citizens. The author focuses on the participation of non-profit organizations in this process, which is illustrated by the example of the all-Russian Council of local self-government and projects implemented by this organization, as well as by considering the work of the Association for the promotion of twinning relations of Cologne and Volgograd. The paper concludes that the role of the non-profit sector in the development of local communities needs to be strengthened in Russia. At the same time, it is necessary to change approaches to the definition of the term ‘local community’ in such a way that it reflects the desire to form associations that meet the criteria for involvement in the process of solving local problems that arise for public organizations and local residents (of different focus and different significance for the municipal territory). It is important that local communities have their own opportunities for self-identification against the background of existing associations and have a fruitful influence on the communication process between different communities and allow the exchange of experience in various fields.

scholarly journals International experience of converting social capital of local communities into development of tourism sector

2020 ◽  
pp. 115-123
Author(s):  
Olga Vladimirovna Rogach
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Local Population ◽  
International Experience ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Local Residents

The subject of this research is the international practices of utilization of social capital of local communities for the purpose of development of tourism attractiveness of the territories. The object of this research is the social capital of local communities. The author explores such aspects of the topic as the development of tourism on the basis of local community, stimulation of social activism and communication between the locals, their ability to self-organization on the local level within the framework of international projects. Special attention is given to the risks and negative consequences for the local communities caused by tourism. The conclusions is made that the role of the representatives of local communities is considered as one of the key elements within the international practice of tourism development. This relates to the formation of tolerant and friendly tourism space for maintaining a “geographical myth”, which cannot be created without involvement of the local residents. Such process must be manageable for the authorities that ensure protection of local population from the sociocultural threats caused by tourists. International experience can be adapted in the Russian realities to some extent, however this process requires outworking of the corresponding mechanism of three-way interaction of the local government, business and local residents. The scientific novelty lies int the attempts of critical revaluation of the role of social capital of local communities at the time of transformation of tourism industry due to unfavorable epidemic situation.

scholarly journals Features of local budgets in the conditions of decentralization of the budget system of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Oksana ZAKHIDNA ◽  
Viktoriia BEDNARCHUK ◽  
Alina MLINTSOVA
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Government Reform ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Local Budget ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Budget System

The paper identifies the features of local budgets in terms of decentralization of the budget system of Ukraine. Theoretical bases of functioning of local budgets are opened. The economic essence of the definition of «local budget» is given according to the Budget Code of Ukraine. Based on the economic essence of local budgets, a number of functions they perform are identified. Different approaches to the interpretation of the essence of the concept of “decentralization” are studied. The role of local budgets in ensuring their financial capacity in terms of financial decentralization is highlighted. The stages of decentralization in Ukraine since 2014 are demonstrated and their results are shown. The main aspects of financial decentralization to the processes of socio-economic development at the local level are outlined. The directions of development of local budgets in the conditions of financial decentralization are substantiated. It is proved that the quality of life of the population and socio-economic stability in the country largely depend on the effective operation of local governments. The normative-legal base which regulates functioning of local budgets in the conditions of decentralization is considered. An assessment of the formation and implementation of local budgets in terms of local government reform. A comprehensive analysis of revenues and expenditures of local budgets of Ukraine. The dynamics of the volume and structure of revenues and expenditures of local budgets of Ukraine for 2017–2019 is analyzed. It is proved that the main source of filling local budgets is tax revenues. It is substantiated that despite the decrease in some types of revenues, local budget revenues tend to increase. Emphasis is placed on the fact that local budget expenditures reflect the consequences of socio-economic processes in the country and directly affect the level of welfare of the population. The main changes in the development of local budgets in the period before and after the beginning of decentralization in Ukraine are identified. Typical problems of the state of local budgets in Ukraine are given. Guidelines for the development of local budgets are identified and measures are proposed that should be implemented to address this situation.

A Court in Decline? Examining the Regality Court Records of Melrose, Roxburghshire, 1657–84

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Vivienne Dunstan
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Court Records ◽  
Seminal Work

McIntyre, in his seminal work on Scottish franchise courts, argues that these courts were in decline in this period, and of little relevance to their local population. 1 But was that really the case? This paper explores that question, using a particularly rich set of local court records. By analysing the functions and significance of one particular court it assesses the role of this one court within its local area, and considers whether it really was in decline at this time, or if it continued to perform a vital role in its local community. The period studied is the mid to late seventeenth century, a period of considerable upheaval in Scottish life, that has attracted considerable attention from scholars, though often less on the experiences of local communities and people.

Incentives for the development of industrial parks (on the example of the border regions of Poland)

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
Yaroslava Kalat
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Financial Assistance ◽  
Industrial Park ◽  
Border Regions ◽  
Industrial Parks ◽  
Spatial Policy

In the search for efficient decisions directed at the stimulation of regional development and improvement of regions’ innovativeness and investment attractiveness, the EU regions have long ago started paying attention to local communities. In particular, Polish local governments are granted an opportunity to conduct an active spatial policy of investment attraction using various instruments. In this context, the industrial parks play an important role among the created institutes of the business environment, because they create advantages for local communities and businesses. In particular, they promote investment attraction, entrepreneurship activation, employment and jobs increase, material cost minimization, etc. At the same time, the development of entrepreneurship environment institutes requires support at national, regional, and local levels. The development will be almost impossible without the creation of proper legal, political, economic, and social conditions for their activity. The paper aims to define major stimuli of industrial park development based on the Polish experience, the economic structure of which is similar to the Ukrainian one. This will contribute to the development of the ways to boost industrial park development in Ukraine, especially in the border areas. For the matter, the author outlines the major instruments used by Polish local communities to boost investment and entrepreneurship activity in the framework of industrial park development. The scientific paper emphasizes the analysis of legislation on creation, functioning, and support of Polish industrial park development, and further perspectives of their activity. Special attention is paid to general characteristics of the condition of industrial parks located in Polish border regions. The advantages of each of them are determined and examples of their creation and development are given. The research resulted in the allocation of two groups of stimuli of industrial parks development which are the precondition, according to the author, of industrial parks becoming the instrument of investment attraction, economic boost of the territories, and entrepreneurship activity growth: the stimuli of development of industrial parks’ organizational structure (public financial assistance; information and advisory support; grans of European funds; international cooperation / partnership; independent spatial policy at the local level) and the stimuli of entrepreneurship development in industrial parks (infrastructure (physical and soft); public financial assistance; tax incentives; investment grants; financial loans).

scholarly journals Ochrona środowiska jako istotny element funkcjonowania samorządu terytorialnego w Polsce

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
Maciej Jabłoński
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Efficient Implementation ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Different Levels

Currently, not to be underestimated is the role of local governments in the field of environmental protection. It is on their different levels that local authorities determine the efficiency of setting environmental standards for local communities. The efficient implementation of regional operational programs determines the possibility of implementing the principles of sustainable development.

scholarly journals Regional budget policy: conceptual dominants and vectors of development

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (-) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Vitalii ZIANKO ◽  
Tetiana NECHYPORENKO
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Budget Planning ◽  
Regional Budget ◽  
Budget Policy ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Regional Budgets

The paper is devoted to the implementation of regional budget policy in Ukraine. The main vectors of budget policy development as a component of socio-economic policy at the local level are highlighted. Within the framework of the declared budget policy, the peculiarities of the formation and functioning of local (regional) budgets are considered. The interpretation of the definitions of "budget" and "policy" is presented, and the author's definition of the essence of the budget policy of the region is offered. The conceptual dominants of budget policy, the implementation of which takes place through the budget mechanism, are studied. It is proved that budget policy is an important lever of influence and a real reflection of the tactics and strategy of public authorities and local governments in the budget sphere. It is substantiated that the effectiveness of the implementation of regional budget policy directly depends on the sequence of steps aimed at increasing the level of competitiveness of the regions and overcoming the existing regional disparities. On the basis of generalization of thematic researches and practice the offers concerning application of levers of budgetary regulation which define a level of efficiency of budgetary policy of region are formulated. It is stated that the content of the budget policy of the region should be to determine the course, tasks and activities of the state and local governments in the field of formation and use of budget funds. Full implementation of the budget policy of the region stimulates the functioning of economic activity of administrative-territorial units, promotes rational budget planning, as well as the effective filling, distribution and use of local financial resources.

scholarly journals MODEL EKONOMI-EKOLOGI BERDASARKAN WTP PENGUNJUNG-WTA MASYARAKAT LOCAL DALAM PENGELOLAAN DESTINASI WISATA GUNUNG API BAWAH LAUT MAHENGETANG, KABUPATEN SANGIHE

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Paulus Adrian Pangemanan ◽  
Gene H. M. Kapantouw
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Management Model ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Resource Sustainability ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Ecological Improvement ◽  
Alternative Activities ◽  
Economic Improvement

Continuing management of tourist destinations, integrating economic and ecological aspects, and involving quadrohelical roles: local communities, tourism businesses, government and universities. This research develops a tourism destination management model that integrates economic and ecological development based on visitor willingness to pay (WTP) attachment with willingness to accept (WTA) of local community, supported by business actor role and government. Colleges play a role in identifying ecological and economic elements, analyzing and formulating alternative development activities that ensure economic improvement for local communities and resource sustainability (natural, socio-cultural) to improve the destination's life cycle. The purpose of this research is to manage the role of quadrohelical tourism in evaluating, developing economic programs / activities for the surrounding community, by prioritizing the sustainability of resource ecosystem. This research was conducted for 10 months in the area of Mahengetang submarine volcano in Sangihe District. This study focuses on identifying existing conditions of economic and ecological elements, analysis and formulation of alternative activities for economic and ecological improvement based on indicators (WTP-WTA). Destination management model based on WTP-WTA with integrated role of quadrohelical system can be adapted and developed in other destination, or in other resource utilization.

scholarly journals Disaster management strategies and relation of good governance for the coastal Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-279
Author(s):  
Prabal Barua ◽  
◽  
Abhijit Mitra ◽  
Saeid Eslamian ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Management Policies

Although Bangladesh’s immense steps in preparing the disaster management policies following the values of good governance issue, the quantity to which these policies have productively been executing at the local level remnants mostly unknown. The objectives of this investigation were dual: firstly, to inspect the roles and efficiency of the local-level governance and disaster management organization, and lastly, to recognize the obstacles to the execution of national the policies and Disaster-Risk-Reduction guidelines at the local community level. The authors applied qualitative research and case Study approach, using techniques from the Participatory Rural Appraisal toolbox to collect data from local community members as well as government and NGO officials. From the finding of the study, it was revealed that interactive disaster governance, decentralization of disaster management, and compliance by local-level institutions with good governance principles and national policy guidelines can be extremely effective in reducing disaster-loss and damages. According to coastal community members, the local governments have generally failed to uphold good governance principles, and triangulated data confirm that the region at large suffers from rampant corruption, political favoritism, lack of transparency and accountability and minimal inclusion of local inhabitants in decision-making – all of which have severely impeded the successful implementation of national disaster-management policies. This study contributes to these research gaps, with identification of further research agenda in these areas. The paper deals with International Sendai Framework that called for enhancement of local level community resilience to disasters. Thus, it contributes to numerous policy and practice areas relating to good disaster governance. The study identified the specific manifestations of these failures in coastal communities in Bangladesh. These results underscore the vital need to address the wide gap between national DRR goals and the on-the-ground realities of policy implementation to successfully enhance the country’s resilience to climate change-induced disasters.

A new narrative for sustainability: Exploring biogas plants as ‘first movers’ in raising energy awareness

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Justyna Chodkowska-Miszczuk
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Energy Awareness ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Education Process

Abstract It is not only worth talking about the chances of survival in the fight against emerging environmental and socio-economic threats, but it is necessary to use all possible means to influence public awareness. It is awareness that shapes our attitudes and literacy. The core of these tools is cross-sectoral place-based education. This raises the question of the role of new energy actors in the education process. As ‘first movers’, they have enormous power in the local community. Are they therefore merely energy producers, or perhaps, using their position, are they actively involved in creating local energy behaviours? A combination of social research methods including qualitative studies helped respond to this question. As the study shows, an opportunity for effective education is contextualisation, embedding educators in the local social structure and including first movers – energy producers – in this process. Biogas entrepreneurs transpose the knowledge of renewable energy – a globally known issue – to the local level. The provision of comprehensive education requires institutional support focused on building partnerships between policy makers, teachers and practitioners, enabling not only trans-sectoral contact but also the exchange of experience.

The Role of Trade Policy in Sustainable Tourism Inclusivity in Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 169-182
Author(s):  
Msafiri Njoroge
Keyword(s):  
Community Participation ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Practical Sense

When local communities are allowed to participate fully in tourism trade activities either through supplying goods and services or direct employment in the tourism sector-inclusiveness of tourism, trade can be realized in a practical sense. Research indicates that, in most tourist destinations in Africa, the tourism trade continues to be characterized by environmental and social-cultural degradation and inadequate local community participation associated with revenue leakages and weak economic linkages. The mechanism on how tourism trade contributes inclusively on local communities' benefits such as inclusive growth and poverty alleviation remains unclear. Despite destination economies engaging in services liberalization, little evidence exists on how such trade policies have been beneficial at enhancing inclusive benefits of the tourism trade. Therefore, this chapter aims to clarify how trade policies can be employed to promote the inclusiveness of the tourism trade.

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