THE HISTORY OF THE«ATLAS OF THE VIRGIN MARY» USEOF THE JESUS SOCIETY IN RUSSIAN ICONOGRAPHY

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-113
Author(s):  
I.A. AVILOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Virgin Mary ◽  
Dominican Order ◽  
Visual Form ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
History Of ◽  
Two Stages

The purpose of this study is to form new iconographies as a set of subjects, compositional schemes and their historical features on the example of the list of Our Lady of the Snow image, brought to Eastern Europe by the Dominican Order and distributed with the participation of the Jesus Society. The history of Russian iconography in a generalized form can be represented by two stages, char-acterizing, respectively, the influence on it of the images of the Eastern Roman Empire (earlier than the second half of the 17-th century) and Western Europe (from the second half of the 17-th centu-ry). The Jesus Society plays an important role in this process, or as its representatives later came to be called - the Jesuits. The objectives of the study were to trace the path from the source of icono-graphy in Rome to Eastern Europe, and then consider the examples of the «Joy of All Who Sorrow» in the Russian image of the Mother of God use, including one of the churches of the Orel region. While conducting the research, the historical method is used, in the study of events and processes in dynamics. To consider specific cultural values, the iconological method is used, which makes it possible to present both the visual form and its content in a comprehensive way.

Jews in Eastern Europe and Russia since the End of Communism

2013 ◽  
pp. 424-462
Author(s):  
Antony Polonsky
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Imperial Russia ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
New Period ◽  
Colonial Empire ◽  
History Of ◽  
Independent States

This chapter highlights how the collapse of communism in eastern Europe and the Soviet Union initiated a new period in the history of the Jews in the area. Poland was now a fully sovereign country, and Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, and Moldova also became independent states. Post-imperial Russia faced the task of creating a new form of national identity. This was to prove more difficult than in other post-imperial states since, unlike Britain and France, the tsarist empire and its successor, the Soviet Union, had not so much been the ruler of a colonial empire as an empire itself. All of these countries now embarked, with differing degrees of enthusiasm, on the difficult task of creating liberal democratic states with market economies. For the Jews of the area, the new political situation allowed both the creation and development of Jewish institutions and the fostering of Jewish cultural life in much freer conditions, but also facilitated emigration to Israel, North America, and western Europe on a much larger scale.

scholarly journals XXIV.—The History of Malmesbury as a Village Community

Archaeologia ◽  
1887 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-438
Author(s):  
G.L. Gomme
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
North West ◽  
Village Community ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

In the north-west of Wilts is a district which contains some remarkable reminiscences of the two dominant races who have influenced the history of this country. In tracing out the history of this district, as it has come down to us by the traditions and records of early chronicle writers, we arrive at an important epoch when for the first time is brought into strongly marked prominence the outline of the community which had settled there. This community, known to us later under the local name of Malmesbury, is one of the most perfect types of the primitive village which has survived in England, and to the elucidation of its chief characteristics it is proposed to devote some little attention. Keeping before us the outline made known from early records we shall see how this is gradually filled in from facts, which though gleaned from later and modern records, are nevertheless stamped as belonging to the earliest stages of history. And when this local mosaic is completely pieced in we shall be able, I think, to satisfy ourselves that what has so persistently clung to locality in later days originally belonged to a social group, types of which are still to be found in Eastern Europe and India, where society is in a state of arrested progress and has not advanced along the lines which mark its development in Western Europe.

scholarly journals Financial Intermediation in the Early Roman Empire

2004 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 705-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER TEMIN
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Roman Empire ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Financial Intermediation ◽  
Roman Economy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Financial Arrangements

I evaluate the effectiveness of financial markets in the early Roman Empire in this article. I review the theory of financial intermediation to describe a hierarchy of financial sources and survey briefly the history of financial intermediation in eighteenth-century Western Europe to provide a standard against which to evaluate the Roman evidence. I then describe the nature of financial arrangements in the early Roman Empire in terms of this hierarchy. This exercise reveals the extent to which the Roman economy resembled more recent societies and sheds light on the prospects for economic growth in the Roman Empire.

scholarly journals Ukrainian pantomime theater through the prism of the synergetic paradigm

2021 ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
Bohdan Svarnyk
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Ordered Structures ◽  
Cultural Space ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
Theoretical Generalization ◽  
History Of ◽  
Effective Development ◽  
Organizational Principles

The purpose of the article is to determine the priority forms of development, conceptual and organizational principles of the existence of domestic pantomime theaters in the conditions of modern socio-cultural space. Methodology. The cultural-historical method was used (to consider the general state of the domestic pantomime culture of the end of the XX – the beginning of the XXI century); synergetic method, thanks to which the historical paradigm of pantomime theater in Ukraine was studied; an art history method that contributed to the analysis of pantomime theater performances in an artistic context and a method of theoretical generalization. Scientific novelty. The specifics of Ukrainian pantomime theaters and their role in the socio-cultural space of the XXI century are studied; identified and analyzed the factors influencing the specifics of the development of Ukrainian pantomime theaters in the context of the transformation processes of the world and domestic socio-cultural space; trends and prospects for the development of the phenomenon of Ukrainian pantomime theater in the XXI century are indicated. Conclusions. The Ukrainian pantomime theater demonstrates unique forms of existence of the cultural text and uses a wide palette of sign-symbolic embodiments of pantomime culture. As a component of modern domestic cultural and artistic space, the Ukrainian pantomime theater is characterized by a wide representation, complex history of development and achievements, and is a significant platform for the translation of traditional socio-cultural values and norms, effective development of various elements of modern culture. At the present stage, the Ukrainian pantomime theater is a broadly chaotic system of contrasting phenomena, which, in turn, are internally ordered structures - schools, each of which declares its own conditions, becoming an independent, self-sufficient system.

From Local to Global, 1987–2000

2019 ◽  
pp. 246-330
Author(s):  
Kenneth Bertrams ◽  
Julien Del Marmol ◽  
Sander Geerts ◽  
Eline Poelmans
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Corporate Strategy ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Brewing Industry ◽  
Global Industry ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
History Of ◽  
Management Techniques

From the mid-1980s to the turn of the century, the brewing industry transformed dramatically from a local to a highly international or global industry. The official merger group of Artois and Piedboeuf, renamed Interbrew, would play a leading role in this transformation. From its historical position in Western Europe, the group spread its tentacles to Central and Eastern Europe, acquiring brewery after brewery. This chapter recalls the history of the Interbrew group in its rise to a world leader. A first major milestone in this route towards global dominance was an acquisition across the Atlantic of Canada’s largest brewer, Labatt’s, in 1995. In some fifteen years, Interbrew completed a total of no less than forty acquisitions. Meanwhile, the company revamped on all levels. Besides a dance of CEOs in the 1990s, modern management techniques came to the front and the board and shareholders’ structures were professionalized. Decentralization and localism remained at the centre of the group’s corporate strategy, effectively becoming the world’s local brewer.

Nationalism in Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages

1972 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitri Obolensky
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
General Definition ◽  
The Political ◽  
European Politics ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

The divergent views held by historians and sociologists as to what does and does not constitute nationalism will, I hope, provide me with some excuse for not attempting here a general definition of this phenomenon. Nor will I presume to adjudicate between the opinions of scholars like Hans Kohn who, confining their attention to Western Europe, will not hear of nationalism before the rise of modern states between the sixteenth and the eighteenth century, and of historians like G. G. Coulton who, after surveying the policy of the Papacy, the life of the Universities, the internal frictions in the monasteries and the history of medieval warfare, concluded that nationalism, which had been developing in Western Europe since the eleventh century, became a basic factor in European politics by the fourteenth. My paper is concerned with the medieval history of Eastern Europe: an area which I propose to define, by combining a geographical with a cultural criterion, as the group of countries which lay within the political or cultural orbit of Byzantium. The subject is vast and complex, and I can do no more than select a few topics for discussion. These I would like to present as arguments in support of three theses.

Fatal outbreaks of jaundice in pregnancy and the epidemic history of hepatitis E

2012 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
pp. 767-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-G. TEO
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Southern Mediterranean ◽  
History Of ◽  
In Pregnancy

SUMMARYSpace–time clustering of people who fall acutely ill with jaundice, then slip into coma and death, is an alarming phenomenon, more markedly so when the victims are mostly or exclusively pregnant. Documentation of the peculiar, fatal predisposition of pregnant women during outbreaks of jaundice identifies hepatitis E and enables construction of its epidemic history. Between the last decade of the 18th century and the early decades of the 20th century, hepatitis E-like outbreaks were reported mainly from Western Europe and several of its colonies. During the latter half of the 20th century, reports of these epidemics, including those that became serologically confirmed as hepatitis E, emanated from, first, the eastern and southern Mediterranean littoral and, thereafter, Southern and Central Asia, Eastern Europe, and the rest of Africa. The dispersal has been accompanied by a trend towards more frequent and larger-scale occurrences. Epidemic and endemic hepatitis E still beset people inhabiting Asia and Africa, especially pregnant women and their fetuses and infants. Their relief necessitates not only accelerated access to potable water and sanitation but also vaccination against hepatitis E.

scholarly journals Concepts of Citizenship in Eastern and Western Europe

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith Oltay
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
National Development ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
History Of ◽  
Transnational Citizenship ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Right ◽  
Current Concerns

AbstractThe classical meaning of citizenship evokes a nation-state with a well-defined territory for its nationals, where national identity and sovereignty play a key role. Global developments are challenging the traditional nation-state and open a new stage in the history of citizenship. Transnational citizenship involving dual and multiple citizenships has become more and more accepted in Europe. Numerous scholars envisaged a post-national development where the nation-state no longer plays a key role. While scholarly research tended to focus on developments in Western Europe, a dynamic development also took place in Eastern Europe following the collapse of communism. Dual citizenship was introduced in most Eastern European countries, but its purpose was to strengthen the nation by giving the ethnic kin abroad citizenship and non-resident voting rights. In Western Europe, the right of migrants to citizenship has been expanded throughout the years in the hope that this would result in their better integration into society. Eastern Europe and Western Europe operate with different concepts of citizenship because of their diverging historical traditions and current concerns. The concept of nation and who belong to the national community play a key role in the type of citizenship that they advocate.

scholarly journals M.P.Drahomanov about freedom of conscience and social functionality of religion

1999 ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
M. I. Loboda
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Church And State ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
Spiritual Power ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
Freedom Of Conscience ◽  
National Affair ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of

Our research is based on a rather large "library" of various works by M. Drahomanov, which contains his views on religion. Among them: Paradise and Progress, From the History of Relations Between Church and State in Western Europe, Faith and Public Affairs, Fight for Spiritual Power and Freedom of Conscience in the 16th - 17th Centuries, , "Church and State in the Roman Empire", "The Status and Tasks of the Science of Ancient History," "Evangelical Faith in Old England," "Populism and Popular Progress in Austrian Rus, Austrian-Russian Remembrance (1867- 1877)," "Pious The Legend of the Bulgarians "," The Issues of Religious Freedom in Russia, "" On the Brotherhood of the Baptist or the Baptist in Ukraine, "" The Foreword (to the Community of 1878), " Shevchenko, Ukrainianophiles and Socialism "," Wonderful thoughts about the Ukrainian national affair "," Zazdri gods "," Slavic variants of one Gospel legend "," Resurrection of Christ (folklore record) ", etc.

scholarly journals Early Byzantine Baldenheim-Type Helmets in the Dnieper Region

2020 ◽  
pp. 184-197
Author(s):  
Michel Kazanski
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The West ◽  
Balkan Wars ◽  
Military Elite ◽  
Danube Region ◽  
The Mediterranean

Introduction. Recent finds of Baldenheim-type helmets in the Dnieper (Klimovsk district of Bryansk region, Boldyzhsky Forest and Cherkasy region) indicate the proliferation of prestigious weapons in the territory of the Kolochin and Penkovka cultures, that is, in the zone of settlement of Slavs in the post-Hun time. Helmets of this type are well known in Europe, both in the West, primarily among the Merovingians, and in the Balkan-Danube region, and in the Mediterranean from the second half of the 5th to the second half of the 6th centuries, though most of the finds fall on the period from the late 5th to the mid 6th cc. These helmets, at least in part, were of Byzantine origin. In general, Baldenheim-type helmets are few in number and in Western and Central Europe come mainly from “chief” graves, and in the Byzantine zone from cultural deposits in fortresses and cities. Analysis and Results. Helmets found in Eastern Europe show similarities with both helmets from Western Europe and helmets found in the Balkan-Danube region and in the Mediterranean. Given the historical situation of the time, it seems more logical to assume that Eastern European helmets were of Balkan-Danube origin. Obviously, in Eastern Europe, these helmets belong to the ruling military elite. It is possible that Baldenheimtype helmets fell into the hands of the Slavs as a result of the Danube and Balkan wars of the 6th century against the Eastern Roman Empire.

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