scholarly journals Gambaran Epidemiologi Peningkatan Kasus Chikungunya di Desa Kajongan Kecamatan Bojongsari Kabupaten Purbalingga

Author(s):  
Nova Pramestuti ◽  
Ihda Zuyina Ratna Sari ◽  
Endang Setiyani ◽  
Ulfah Farida Trisnawati ◽  
Eva Lestari ◽  
...  

Purbalingga is one of the chikungunya endemic districts which have cases increased until April in 2021 as many as 512 cases from the previous 116 cases in 2020. One of the areas of the increasing case occurred in Kajongan Village, Bojongsari Subdistrict. This study aims were to describe chikungunya cases, identify sources of transmission, and risk factors for increased chikungunya cases. A case-control design was performed in Kajongan Village in March 2021. The sample consisted of 36 cases and 36 controls. Cases are patients with suspected chikungunya, controls are people who are not chikungunya suspects who live close to the suspected case. Data was collected by blood specimen collection, larvae survey, interviews and examination using Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction. The results showed that the peak of case transmission occurred in the fourth week of February 2021. The main symptoms are fever and joint pain. Of the 21 blood samples examined, 19 (90.5%) tested positive for Chikungunya virus. Of the 9 pools Aedes sp. analyzed, 1 pool tested also positive Chikungunya virus. Chi-square analysis showed that the presence of larvae in container (p-value=0.03; OR=3.5; 95% CI=0.953-24.746) and mosquito nest eradication has not carried out routinely (p-value=0.04; OR=4.8; 95% CI=0.953-24.746) have been identified as a potential risk factor. The increasing of chikungunya cases in Kajongan Village was a local transmission supported by Chikungunya virus was detected in mosquitoes.

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-249
Author(s):  
Satrio Wibowo Rahmatullah ◽  
◽  
Ika Maulida Nurrahma ◽  
Adnan Syahrizal

Compliance to achieve treatment success can be improved by providing drug information services (PIO) and counseling to improve understanding of treatment instructions. The general objective of this study was to determine the effect of drug information service and counseling on the level of medication adherence in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) with hypertension in the Banjarbaru Regional Hospital. This study uses a quasi experimental method with a cross sectional approach and takes patient data prospectively. The results of this study indicate that the group given PIO and counseling showed a high level of adherence as many as 20 respondents (100%). Whereas in the group that was not given PIO and the counseling level of adherence was low, there were 4 respondents (20%). Based on the mann-whitney analysis p-value = 0,000 (<α = 0.05) so that there are differences in the group with PIO and counseling with groups without PIO and counseling, while the chi square analysis p-value = 0.004 (<α = 0 , 05) so that PIO and counseling have a significant effect on the level of adherence to taking medication in patients with DM with hypertension at the Banjarbaru Regional Hospital.


2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Dian Irawati ◽  
Agustin Dwi Syalfina

Objectives: Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) is closely related to maternal care. MMR in Indonesia based on the 2015 IDHS is 359 per 100,000 live births. By increasing the utilization of MCH handbooks, MMR would be decline. Therefore, this research investigated the relationship between of the utilization of MCH handbooks and attitudes pregnant women regarding pregnancy and childbirth complications.Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross sectional research with 54 pregnant women during March - June 2018 at the Sooko Health Center, Mojokerto. The independent variable was the utilization of MCH handbooks and the dependent variable was the attitude of pregnan women regarding pregnancy and childbirth complications. Data analysis included descriptive and bivariate analysis.Results: The results showed that 79.6% of respondents used the MCH handbook well. The results of the chi square analysis test showed a p value of 0.027 (<0.05).Conclusion: MCH handbook utilization effected the attitude of pregnant women regarding the complication of pregnancy and childbirth. Pregnant women who read and utilize MCH handbook would be have better alertness about the risk of complication so they would make the right decision for their pregnancy.


Author(s):  
Muhammad Bilal Mazhar ◽  
Muhammad Haroon Hamid

AbstractPediatric Index of Mortality 2 (PIM-2) is one of the leading mortality scores used in intensive care units all around the world. We assessed its validity as an outcome predictor in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of Mayo Hospital/King Edward Medical University Lahore, Pakistan. We enrolled 154 consecutive admissions, aged 1 month to 13 years, requiring intensive care from January to June of 2019. Patient demographics along with PIM-2 data were collected; PIM-2 score and mortality risk was calculated; and the outcome recorded as death or survival. The median age at admission was 0.50 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 0.24–1.78) and the median weight was 5.0 kg (IQR: 3.08–10.0) with females constituting 54%; malnutrition was also common (66%). Observed mortality was 29.9% (46 out of 154) and expected mortality (cut-off ≥ 99.8%) was 27.9% with a standardized mortality ratio of 1.07 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.79–1.41). Sepsis was the most common diagnosis at admission (27.9%) with the highest mortality (52.2%). Chi-square analysis revealed a sensitivity of 54.3% and a specificity of 83.3% (p-value 0.00). PIM-2 score showed acceptable discrimination between survivors and nonsurvivors with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.67–0.84) (p-value = 0.00); however, poor calibration according to Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness of fit test (Chi-square = 15.80, df = 7, and p-value of 0.027 [< 0.1]), thus requiring recalibration according to local population characteristics.


2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15517-e15517
Author(s):  
Keechilat Pavithran ◽  
Prasanth Ariyannur ◽  
Hridya Jayamohanan ◽  
Arun Philip ◽  
Wesley Mannirathil Jose ◽  
...  

e15517 Background: DPYD deficiency is present in 3-5% of patients. The risk of treatment-related death in DPYD mutation carriers who receive fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy has been estimated at 3-10%. There is growing data in support of widespread screening for DPYD deficiency prior to fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy. The purpose of our study was to identify the prevalence of DPYD deficiency among patients receiving 5-fluorouracil (5FU) or capecitabine based combination chemotherapy, and to analyse the toxicity profile among the DPYD deficient group. Methods: The study involved patients who have received 5FU and capecitabine based chemotherapy for the treatment for gastrointestinal, breast and head and neck cancers between 2019-2020. Four DPYD variants were checked using real-time PCR based Genotyping assay. Three common DPYD variants recommended by the CPIC guidelines (IVS14+1 G>A (*2A), c.1679T>G (*13), c.2846A>T) and a common variant in Asian population (c.496A>G), based on previous studies, was included in our analysis. These variants were assessed prior to the initiation of the chemotherapy and dose was modified based on the activity score and the toxicity profile was assessed. Descriptive statistics was performed using SPSS version 20. Results: 375 patients were included in this analysis. The median age of the cohort was 61years (21-84 years). 51.3% were males and 49.7% females. Among the 375 patients, 47 patients had DPYD mutation (12.5%). The median age of the DPYD mutated patients were 68 years; 29 (61.7%) males and 18 (38.2%) females. 32 (68.8%) had deleterious mutation in DPYD variant c.496A>G (rs2297595) and 15 (31.9%) showed mutation IVS14+1 G>A (rs3918290). 35 out 47 patients had grade II-III toxicity even after dose reduction during the first cycle of chemotherapy. The commonly seen adverse events were hand and foot syndrome in 18 (38.3%), mucositis in 7 (14.9%), diarrrhoea in 15 (31.9%) and neutropenia in 25 (31.9%) patients. Four patients had febrile neutropenia. One patient experience myocardial infarction. There was no mortality. Chi square analysis showed DPYD mutation had significant association with presence of severe adverse reaction (74.5%, p-value. 0.002). Conclusions: Prevalence of DPYD mutation in our patients was 12.5%. They experienced more toxicities while receiving 5-FU/Capecitabine even after dose modification. c.496A>G (rs2297595) was the most common variant seen in our patients. Screening of patients for DPYD mutations prior to administration of 5-FU/capecitabine using pharmacogenetic methods may help identify those patients who are at risk for adverse effects, allowing a more individualized approach to their chemotherapy management. c.496A>G (rs2297595) variant should also be in included routinely in DPYD screening among South Asian population.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-138
Author(s):  
Sheryl Putri Asri ◽  
Soetimah

It is estimated that 60% of maternal mortality resulting from gestation happened right after giving birth, and 50% of puerperium deaths happened in the first 24 hours. This research aims to know the relation between the amount of bleeding, remaining placenta, and the act of episiotomy to puerperal sepsis cases. This research uses analytical description methods with a cross-sectional approach. The population of this research was the postpartum mothers in puerperal sepsis cases in October – December 2017 at RSAB Harapan Kita Jakarta Barat counted 85 persons. The sampling method used in this research is an accidental sampling method with 32 respondents. The Instruments of this research are medical records and questionnaires with the chi-square analysis method. This research data analysis has the quality of univariate and bivariate, which means knowing about the relation between the amount of bleeding, remaining placenta, and the act of episiotomy to puerperal sepsis cases. This research shows a relation between the amount of bleeding with a p-value (0,035) and OR (7,200). There is a relation between remained placenta variable with a p-value (0,035) and OR (7,200). There is no relation in the act of episiotomy variable with p-value (0,142) and OR (3,500) to puerperal sepsis cases. The researcher suggests RSAB Harapan Kita increase the quality of their health services, mainly socialize information and give education for maternity women about various birth complications, such as bleeding and remaining placenta and sepsis puerperalis's risks.


Author(s):  
PUTU DEWINTA DARMADA ◽  
KETUT SURYANA

Objective: Anemia is responsible for poor outcomes in HIV/AIDS patients. It’s related to disease progression, morbidity, and mortality. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) agent, zidovudine (ZDV) is also known to trigger anemia in the early initiation. However, studies found improved hemoglobin (Hb) levels of HIV/AIDS patients several months after ART routinely taken. This study aims to find the impact and correlation of ART on the hemoglobin level of HIV/AIDS patients. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was done at Merpati Clinic, Wangaya Hospital, Denpasar-Bali, Indonesia. Data were collected from medical records and laboratory results. A total sample of 64 HIV/AIDS patients with at least 6 mo on ART was included in this study. Results: Anemia was found in 34 (53.1%) of patients before ART initiation. After taking ART for 6 mo, we observed a significant improvement in patients’ hemoglobin levels, 48 (75%) shows increased hemoglobin levels. The paired t-test revealed a correlation between ART and Hb level (p<0.001). Fourteen (43.8%) patient taking ZDV shows no improvement, even declining of Hb level. Chi-square analysis performed with p = 0.001 to ZDV and lower or no improvement of hemoglobin level. Both results considered statistically significant (p-value less than 0.05) with a confidence interval (CI) of 95%. Relative risk (RR) of no improvement or decline in Hb level is 7 folds higher in the ZDV group than the non-ZDV group. Conclusion: This study concludes that ART affects hemoglobin levels in HIV/AIDS patients. Zidovudine regimen is more prone to lower or no increase of Hb.


2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 498-498
Author(s):  
Alpesh K. Korant ◽  
Vikrom K. Dhar ◽  
Gregory Johnston ◽  
Supriya Kumar Saha ◽  
Mohammed Shaik ◽  
...  

498 Background: Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is known as a negative prognostic factor in colon cancer (CCa) patients (pts). Sentinel lymph node mapping (SLNM) is known to upstage more pts than conventional surgery. A retrospective study was undertaken to determine the relationship between LVI and other known prognostic factors in CCa pts undergoing SLNM. Methods: Pts with CCa underwent SLNM. Data was collected for tumor (T) and node (N) stage, distant metastasis (M), size, grade, recurrence, and 5-year overall survival (5yrOS). Chi-square analysis was used to calculate the association between categorical variables with a p value of 0.05 as significant. Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate 5yrOS. Results: We studied 310 CCa pts undergoing SLNM. Success rate was 100%. Nodal positivity was 46%. LVI was present in 34% of pts overall, in 66% node +ve pts versus only 7% in node -ve pts (p<0.001). Pts with LVI were proportionately of higher grade, larger size, higher T-stage, node +ve and higher AJCC stage. Pts with LVI had significantly higher recurrence and lower 5yrOS (Table). Conclusions: Presence of LVI positively correlated with all known prognostic factors in CCa pts undergoing SLNM, with higher recurrence and significantly lower 5yrOS. [Table: see text]


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren M. McKinnon ◽  
Justin B. Miller ◽  
Michael F. Whiting ◽  
John S.K. Kauwe ◽  
Perry G. Ridge

AbstractBackgroundRamp sequences increase translational speed and accuracy when rare, slowly-translated codons are found at the beginnings of genes. Here, the results of the first analysis of ramp sequences in a phylogenetic construct are presented.MethodsRamp sequences were compared from 211 vertebrates (110 Mammalian and 101 non-mammalian). The presence and absence of ramp sequences was analyzed as a binary character in a parsimony and maximum likelihood framework. Additionally, ramp sequences were mapped to the Open Tree of Life taxonomy to determine the number of parallelisms and reversals that occurred, and these results were compared to what would be expected due to random chance. Lastly, aligned nucleotides in ramp sequences were compared to the rest of the sequence in order to examine possible differences in phylogenetic signal between these regions of the gene.ResultsParsimony and maximum likelihood analyses of the presence/absence of ramp sequences recovered phylogenies that are highly congruent with established phylogenies. Additionally, the retention index of ramp sequences is significantly higher than would be expected due to random chance (p-value = 0). A chi-square analysis of completely orthologous ramp sequences resulted in a p-value of approximately zero as compared to random chance.DiscussionRamp sequences recover comparable phylogenies as other phylogenomic methods. Although not all ramp sequences appear to have a phylogenetic signal, more ramp sequences track speciation than expected by random chance. Therefore, ramp sequences may be used in conjunction with other phylogenomic approaches.


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cici Enjelia Nata ◽  
Safrizal Rahman ◽  
Sakdiah Sakdiah

Abstrak. Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) merupakan parameter yang digunakan untuk menilai komposisi tubuh dengan menggunakan klasifikasi Asia Pasifik. IMT menjadi salah satu faktor risiko terjadinya osteoartritis lutut. Osteoartritis lutut merupakan penyakit degeneratif yang terjadi pada sendi lutut. Berdasarkan RISKESDAS tahun 2018, Provinsi Aceh menduduki peringkat pertama sebagai provinsi dengan angka penyakit sendi terbanyak yang termasuk osteoartritis lutut yaitu 13.3%. Prevalensi indeks massa tubuh berlebih di Indonesia pada tahun 2018  meningkat dari 26.3% menjadi 34.4% sehingga kemungkinan terjadinya osteoartritis lutut juga meningkat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional analitik dengan desain cross-sectional dilakukan dengan cara mengukur berat badan dan tinggi badan responden yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian berdasarkan pedoman American College of Rheumatology (ACR). Sampel dikumpulkan berdasarkan rekam medis di Rumah Sakit Umum Zainoel Abidin kota Banda Aceh sejak september hingga oktober 2019 yang melibatkan tujuh puluh responden sebagai sampel penelitian yang dimana 51 responden (72.9%) memiliki indeks massa tubuh berlebih dan 43 responden (61.4%) didiagnosis dengan Osteoartritis lutut. Berdasarkan hasil analisis uji Chi Square, nilai p value yang diperoleh adalah 0.021 (p value ≤ 0,05). Dengan demikian, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara indeks massa tubuh dengan kejadian osteoartritis lutut di Rumah Sakit Umum Zainoel Abidin di kota Banda Aceh.Kata Kunci: Indeks massa tubuh; berat badan lebih, osteoartritis lutut;               Abstract. Body Mass Index (BMI) is a parameter to measure body composition which is classified into underweight, normal and overweight. Overweight has been known to potentially cause knee osteoarthritis. Knee osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease happening on the knee. Based on RISKESDAS 2018, Aceh led Indonesia as a province with the highest number of knee arthritis (13.3%). In the same year, the prevalence of overweight in Indonesia has also increased from 26.3% to 34.4% and is expected to rise annually. This research is an analytic observational using cross sectional design. The method used in this research is body weight and body length measurement of samples fulfilling the criteria based on American College of Rheumatology (ACR). Data were collected based on medicalr record at Zainoel Abidin General Hospital, Banda Aceh, from September to October 2019. We examined 70 respondents, 51 of them (72.9%) had overweight IMT and 43 of them (61.4%) were diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis. Chi Square analysis showed p value 0,021 (p value ≤ 0.05). We concluded that there is a correlation between body mass index with knee osteoarthritis in Zainoel Abidin General Hospital, Banda Aceh.Keyword: Body Mass Index; overweight; knee osteoarthritis;


e-CliniC ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicka V. A. Tartum ◽  
Theresia M. D. Kaunang ◽  
Christofel Elim ◽  
Neni Ekawardani

Abstract: Depression is a disturbance in the function of human nature associated with feelings of sadness and accompanying symptoms, including changes in sleep patterns and appetite, anhedonia, concentration, psychomotor, fatigue, despair and helplessness. Depression can be obtained by any person, including a person suffering from chronic diseases such as chronic renal disease requiring hemodialysis therapy for life. However, the impact of depression was not only felt by the patient, but also the patient's family, especially spouses of patients would be very easy to get depressed as a result of seeing a loved one suffer, so will affect the support and motivation given to patients, especially in patients undergoing hemodialysis should undergo dialysis for life, so a lot of depression in patients and their families, especially spouses of patients. This study aimed to determine the relationship of the length of hemodialysis with the level of depression in spouses of hemodialysis patients in Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado. This was an observational analystical study with a cross sectional design. This study used Hamilton Depression Rating Scale questionaire (HDRS). Data were processed by using SPSS 20.0. The chi-square analysis test showed a p value of 0.105 (p > 0.05). Conclusion: There was no correlation between the duration of hemodialysis with the degree of depression of chronic kidney failure patient’s live spouses.Keywords: depression, chronic kidney disease, hemodialysis, spouse.Abstrak: Depresi adalah terganggunya fungsi manusia yang berkaitan dengan alam perasaan yang sedih dan gejala penyertanya, termasuk perubahan pada pola tidur dan nafsu makan, anhedonia, konsentrasi, psikomotor, kelelahan rasa putus asa dan tidak berdaya. Depresi bisa didapatkan oleh setiap orang termasuk seseorang yang menderita penyakit kronik seperti penyakit ginjal kronik yang membutuhkan terapi hemodialisis seumur hidup. Dampak depresi pun tidak hanya dirasakan oleh pasien, keluarga pasien terutama pasangan hidup pasien akan sangat mudah mendapatkan depresi akibat melihat orang yang dicintai menderita, sehingga akan memengaruhi dukungan dan motivasi yang akan diberikan kepada pasien, terutama pada pasien yang menjalani hemodialisis yang harus menjalani proses cuci darah seumur hidup, sehingga banyak terjadi depresi pada pasien dan keluarganya terutama pasangan hidup pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan lamanya hemodialisis dengan tingkat depresi pada pasangan hidup pasien hemodialisis di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah analitik observasional dengan pendekatan potong lintang. Penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) dan data diolah menggunakan SPSS 20.0. Uji analisis chi-square mendapatkan nilai p sebesar 0,105 (p >0,05). Simpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan antara lama hemodialisis dengan tingkat depresi pasangan hidup pasien penyakit ginjal kronik.Kata kunci: depresi, penyakit ginjal kronik, hemodialisis, pasangan hidup


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