Perubahan IMT pada Penderita Hipertensi Sebelum dan Selama Masa Pandemi Covid-19

Changes in Body Mass Index (BMI) are the main predictors in controlling blood pressure, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article aims to measure changes in BMI before and during COVID-19 for controlling obesity in hypertensive. This is a further analysis data from the Bogor Cohort Study on NCD Risk Factor and the study of the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic Period on Health and Mental Health Service Efforts in 2020 conducted 750 hypertension cases during 2011-2018. The dependent variable is the change in BMI which is categorized stable, decreasing, increasing based on the cut off of the mean difference in BMI. The independent variables include demographic characteristics, ownership of Health Insurance, behavior, disease status, monitoring of blood pressure, height and body weight and therapy. Data were analyzed by multinomial logistic regression. The proportion of hypertensive who experienced changes in BMI was stable, decreased and increased, respectively by 24.5 percent, 49 percent and 26.5 percent. Factors associated with changes in BMI decreased in hypertensive patients were obesity with a risk of 1.7 times (95% CI 1.1–2.6) and stress 4.8 times (95% CI 1.4–16). The factor of increased BMI changes were obesity with a protective risk of 0.6 times (95% CI 0.4 -0.9), sitting more than 5.5 hours had a risk of 1.6 (95 % CI 1.1 – 2.6), and smoking ≥200 cigarettes/day has a 4.2 times risk (95% CI 1.4 – 13.0). Suggestions need efforts to maintain a stable BMI by doing physical activity, managing stress and not smoking. Key words: changes in BMI, hypertension, COVID-19 pandemic Abstrak Perubahan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) merupakan prediktor utama dalam pengendalian tekanan darah khususnya di masa pendemi COVID-19. Artikel bertujuan mengukur perubahan IMT sebelum dan pada masa COVID-19 untuk pengendalian obesitas pada penderita hipertensi. Artikel ini merupakan hasil analisis lanjut dari sumber data Studi Kohor Faktor Risiko PTM Bogor dan studi Dampak Masa Pandemi COVID-19 pada Upaya Pelayanan Kesehatan dan Kesehatan Mental tahun 2020 pada 750 kasus hipertensi periode 2011-2018. Variabel dependen adalah perubahan IMT yang dikategorikan menjadi 3 yaitu stabil, turun, naik berdasarkan cut off rerata perbedaan IMT. Variabel independen meliputi karakteristik demografi (umur, jenis kelamin, pekerjaan), kepemilikan Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN), perilaku (merokok, olahraga, lama duduk), status penyakit (gangguan mental emosional, komorbid), pemantauan (tekanan darah, tinggi badan, berat badan) dan perilaku pengobatan. Data dianalisis dengan regresi logistik multinomial. Proporsi penderita hipertensi yang mengalami perubahan IMT stabil, turun dan naik, masing-masing sebesar 24,5 persen, 49 persen dan 26,5 persen. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan bermakna dengan perubahan IMT turun pada penderita hipertensi adalah obesitas dengan risiko 1,7 kali (95% CI 1,1– 2,6) dibanding normal dan stress 4,8 kali (95% CI 1,4 – 16,0), sedangkan faktor perubahan IMT naik yang berhubungan bermakna adalah obesitas risiko protektif 0,6 kali (95% CI 0,4 -0,9) dibandingkan tidak obese, lama duduk lebih dari 5,5 jam berisiko 1,6 (95% CI 1,1 – 2,6), serta merokok ≥200 batang/hari berisiko 4,2 kali (95% CI 1,4 – 13,0) dibandingkan bukan perokok. Saran perlu upaya menjaga IMT tetap stabil dengan cara melakukan aktifitas fisik, mengelola stres dan tidak merokok. Kata kunci : perubahan IMT, hipertensi, pandemic COVID-19

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ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAPPROFITABILITASPERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR PADA INDEKS SAHAM SYARIAH INDONESIA TAHUN 2011-2015

Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori dan Terapan ◽

10.20473/vol5iss20186pp451-469 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

pp. 451

Author(s):

Muhammad Nurul Qomaruddin ◽

Ari Prasetyo

Keyword(s):

Stock Exchange ◽

Analysis Data ◽

Research Problem ◽

Manufacturing Firms ◽

Stock Index ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Analysis Technique ◽

Equity Ratio ◽

Theory Research ◽

The Impact

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of Days Inventory, Days Receivable, Days Payable, Leverage . Debt to Equity Ratio, Current Ratio on Manufacturing Firms profitability in Indonesian Sharia Stock Index by 2011 until 2015. The problems in this research gap from former Research and the business gap phenomenon from the Manufacturing Firms over period 2011-2015. Therefore a deeper research to observe the problems which influence Return on Assets with reasonable theory Research variables consisted of six independent variables and 1 dependent variable is profitability (ROA). Data analysis technique to answer research problem and examine research hypothesis using Panel Data Regression Analysis. Data obtained from Indonesian Stock Exchange published via Website realtime, obtained 30 data samples. Based on the research, known that the effect of Days Payable on Manufacturing Firmsprofitability partially significant. Meanwhile, other independent variables partially not significant. Otherhand the effect ofall six independent variable simultaneous significant effect on Manufacturing Firms profitability

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Factors associated with mobility apprehension in persons with lower limb amputation

Prosthetics and Orthotics International ◽

10.1177/0309364620915017 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 208-214

Author(s):

Shannon L Mathis

Keyword(s):

Standard Deviation ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Avoidance Behavior ◽

Pain Catastrophizing ◽

Lower Limb Amputation ◽

Limb Amputation ◽

Walking Ability ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The Mean ◽

The Impact

Background: Factors that are related to mobility apprehension were measured in a sample of persons with lower-limb amputation. Objectives: The purpose was to determine whether intensity, interference, or catastrophizing are associated with mobility apprehension. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Persons with amputation of a lower limb who were attending a national limb loss conference were recruited to complete a survey. Subjects were administered the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia to measure mobility apprehension. The Brief Pain Inventory was administered to quantify the affect of pain on general activity, walking ability, and enjoyment of life. The Pain Catastrophizing Scale was administered to assess the tendency to ruminate and magnify pain sensations. A multivariable linear regression was performed to determine factors associated with mobility apprehension. Results: Fifty-three people with lower-limb amputation participated in the study. The mean (standard deviation) score for mobility apprehension was 34.2 (6.0). Mean (standard deviation) pain intensity and interference scores were 1.6 (1.7) and 2.5 (2.6), respectively. The mean (standard deviation) pain catastrophizing score was 9.1 (10). Pain catastrophizing was the only variable associated with higher mobility apprehension ( β = 0.31, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.32). Results suggest that for every one-point increase in the pain catastrophizing score, mobility apprehension will increase by 0.3 of a point. Conclusion: These preliminary results suggest that pain catastrophizing was related to mobility apprehension in this cohort of persons with lower-limb amputation. This relationship indicates that the exploration of avoidance behaviors, such as pain catastrophizing, may be useful when developing a program for physical rehabilitation. Clinical relevance Pain catastrophizing, an avoidance behavior, may be associated with higher levels of mobility apprehension in persons with major lower-limb amputation. Understanding the impact of fear-avoidance behavior will allow clinicians to identify individuals at risk for poor outcomes following amputation surgery and to develop psychological strategies to complement treatment.

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Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Multiple Myeloma Patients Treated with VAD Protocol.

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v106.11.5124.5124 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 106 (11) ◽

pp. 5124-5124

Author(s):

Angelika Pyszel ◽

Monika Biedron ◽

Rafal Poreba ◽

Tomasz Wrobel ◽

Grzegorz Mazur ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Multiple Myeloma ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽

Ambulatory Blood Pressure ◽

Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽

Pressure Monitoring ◽

Hypertensive Patients ◽

The Mean ◽

The Impact

Abstract BACKGROUND: Corticosteroids are still a cornerstone in multiple myeloma (MM) therapy, both as a single agent and as a part of many protocols, including VAD regimen (vincristine, adriblastine, dexamethasone). Corticosteroids are known to be involved in blood pressure (BP) regulation and to affect this parameter. The impact of dexamethasone (Dex) administration on BP in MM patients during VAD protocol treatment is poorly documented. AIM: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the blood pressure changes during Dex administration in patients treated with VAD protocol due to MM. METHODS: Thirteen patients with MM (7 men and 6 women; mean age 62,45 ± 8,14) were assessed. Primary hypertensive patients (7 persons) were not excluded. They were administered Dex in standard dose of 40 mg (day 1–4, 9–12, 17–21) according to VAD protocol. Blood pressure was assessed by the use of commercially available instruments of Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM). The BP recordings lasted 48 hours, were started on the day before the first day of VAD and were obtained every 10 minutes during mornings, every 15 minutes during the rest of days and every 20 minutes during nights. Average of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) were estimated for the 2-hour time before Dex and for the 14-hour time in the 2-hour periods after Dex. Minimal and maximal range of SBP/DBP increase and the mean amount of SBP/DBP increase were also determined. RESULTS: 48-hour BP recordings revealed a significant increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure after Dex administration in all patients. SBP and DBP began to increase after 3 hours after Dex, then rose continually and reached the peak in the period from 6 to 10 hour after Dex. In comparison to 2-hour period before Dex, in which SBP/DBP amounted 139,63/82,92 ± 23,47/9,38 mmHg, the mean SBP/DBP increase rate was: in the 2–4 hour period after Dex - 146,68/88,15 ± 24,38/10,51 mmHg (p<0,05), in the 6–8 – 148,07/92,66 ± 14,07/9,04 mmHg (ns), in the 8–10 – 147,8/87,99 ± 14,07/9,04 mmHg (p<0,01), in the 10–12 – 143,44/86,12 ± 17,22/9,77 mmHg (p<0,05) and in the 12–14 – 144,47/88,59 ± 17,04/12,54 mmHg (p<0,01). The minimal range of SBP/DBP increase was 10,50/−2,00 mmHg, maximal range of SBP/DBP increase was 35,43/40,00 mmHg and the mean amount of SBP/DBP increase was 20,06/11,6 ± 8,36/14,23 mmHg. CONCLUSION: Our preliminary study revealed that Dex administration causes an increase in BP in all patients. The mean increase in BP amounted 20,06/11,6 ± 8,36/14,23 mmHg and was similar in all patients, regardless their initial value of BP. So our study demonstrates the need of individualized hypertension treatment with strict control of BP in hypertensive patients when corticosteroid therapy is indicated.

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THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PATTERN OF FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ISCHEMIC STROKE IN PATIENTS UNDER 50 YEARS OF AGE: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Archiv Euromedica ◽

10.35630/2199-885x/2021/11/3/2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 9-13

Author(s):

Nourollah Ramroodi ◽

Seyed Mehdi Hashemi ◽

Mehrdad Ramroudi

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

History Of ◽

Epidemiological Pattern ◽

The Mean

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the epidemiological pattern of factors associated with ischemic stroke among patients under 50 years old. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was performed on 197 Stroke patients. Individuals with confirmed ischemic stroke based on of CT scan were included in the study. Demographic information included age, sex, history of smoking, place of residence, season of disease incidence, history of contraceptive use in women, history of hypertension, having high blood pressure at the onset of diabetes, hyperlipidemia, heart disease and patient weight. Finally, the collected data was analyzed using SPSS ver. 22. Results: The mean age of participants was 40.18 years. The mean weight, height, body mass index (BMI) were 79.83, 168.63, and 28.12, respectively. A total of 60.4% of the participants were male and 39.6% were female. Moreover, 66.9% were urban residents, 38.6% had complications in winter, 67% were smokers, and 50% used contraceptives. The history of hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and heart disease was seen in 69%, 49.7, 66%, and 73.6% of cases, respectively. Also, 53.8% of patients had high blood pressure upon admission. Conclusion: The present study showed that a history of heart disease and a history of hypertension in the past and nicotine use are very common in people with stroke. Considering the above mentioned epidemiological factors, it is recommended to prioritize the mentioned factors when identifying new cases

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An analysis of blood pressure measurement in a primary care hospital in Swaziland

African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine ◽

10.4102/phcfm.v6i1.590 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ganizani Mlawanda ◽

Michael Pather ◽

Srini Govender

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Blood Pressure Measurement ◽

Good Clinical Practice ◽

Clinical Decision ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Correct Treatment ◽

Primary Care Hospital ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

The Impact

Background: Measurement of blood pressure (BP) is done poorly because of both human and machine errors.Aim: To assess the difference between BP recorded in a pragmatic way and that recorded using standard guidelines; to assess differences between wrist- and mercury sphygmomanometerbased readings; and to assess the impact on clinical decision-making.Setting: Royal Swaziland Sugar Corporation Mhlume hospital, Swaziland.Method: After obtaining consent, BP was measured in a pragmatic way by a nurse practitioner who made treatment decisions. Thereafter, patients had their BP re-assessed using standard guidelines by mercury (gold standard) and wrist sphygmomanometer.Results: The prevalence of hypertension was 25%. The mean systolic BP was 143 mmHg (pragmatic) and 133 mmHg (standard) using a mercury sphygmomanometer; and 140 mmHg for standard BP assessed using wrist device. The mean diastolic BP was 90 mmHg, 87 mmHg and 91 mmHg for pragmatic, standard mercury and wrist, respectively. Bland Altman analyses showed that pragmatic and standard BP measurements were different and could not be interchanged clinically.Treatment decisions between those based on pragmatic BP and standard BP agreed in 83.3% of cases, whilst 16.7% of participants had their treatment outcomes misclassified. A total of 19.5% of patients were started erroneously on anti-hypertensive therapy based on pragmatic BP.Conclusion: Clinicians need to revert to basic good clinical practice and measure BP more accurately in order to avoid unnecessary additional costs and morbidity associated within correct treatment resulting from disease misclassification. Contrary to existing research,wrist devices need to be used with caution.

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Alcohol-related harms and street service care in entertainment districts

Journal of Criminological Research Policy and Practice ◽

10.1108/jcrpp-01-2017-0002 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 142-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Catherine A. Quinn ◽

Leanne Hides ◽

Anna Harding ◽

Dominique de Andrade ◽

Hollie Wilson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Young People ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Alcohol Intoxication ◽

Control Sample ◽

Night Time ◽

Violent Incident ◽

Content Type ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The Impact

Purpose Significant alcohol use increases the risk of injuries and violence in young people. The purpose of this paper is to examine factors associated with receiving street service care for alcohol intoxication, alcohol-related injury or violence among young people in a night-time economy (NTE). Design/methodology/approach Participants included 217 young adults, 135 of whom required street service care on a Friday or Saturday evening in an Australian entertainment district. The remaining 88 young adults were a matched control sample. Participants were surveyed and provided a breathalyser sample. A multinomial logistic regression was conducted to examine the relationship between blood alcohol content (BAC) level, subjective intoxication, gender, illicit drug use, age, preloading, total drinks consumed, and the receipt of care for intoxication, injury, or violence. Findings Of those who received care, 70.4 per cent received it for intoxication, 19.3 per cent for injury, and 10.3 per cent following a violent incident. Male gender and high BAC level were associated with receiving support following a violent incident. High-subjective intoxication and female gender were associated with receiving support for injury. Practical implications Results demonstrate the factors associated with receiving street service care for young people in the NTE experiencing non-emergent health needs. Further research is required to examine the impact of such a service on crime, injuries, and frontline service resources. Originality/value This is the first study to examine factors associated with receiving street service care for alcohol intoxication, injury, or violence in a NTE. Results inform policy and practice relating to the provision of street service care in the NTE for non-emergent health problems, and how this interrelates with other frontline services.

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WHICH PATIENTS SURGICALLY TREATED FOR UROLITHIASIS NEED NUTRITIONAL CARE?

Journal of Aging Research and Lifestyle ◽

10.14283/jarcp.2015.69 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

V. Aparecida Leandro-Merhi ◽

J.L. Braga de Aquino ◽

R. Marmiroli ◽

L. Oliveira Reis

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Kidney Stones ◽

Nutritional Assessment ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Nutritional Risk ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significance Level ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Urologic Diseases ◽

The Impact

Introduction: The present study is justified by the interest of investigating the impact of nutritional status on urology patients. Objective: To investigate the nutritional status of urology patients and identify the risk factors associated with type of kidney stone. Method: This cross-sectional study assessed the nutritional status and energy and nutrient intakes of 175 hospitalized adult urology patients stratified as follows: patients submitted to percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PN), patients submitted to endoscopic ureterolithotripsy (EU), and patients without kidney stones. All study variables were investigated as possible predictors of urologic diseases. Multinomial logistic regression analysis and the proportional odds model identified the factors associated with kidney stones. The significance level was set at 5%. Results: Kidney stones were more common in females (p<0.0001), EU patients without nutritional risk according to the Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS) (p=0.0061), patients with normal triceps skinfold thickness (p=0.015), and younger patients (p=0.0001). Patients hospitalized for longer periods (p=0.0038) and older patients (p=0.0001) did not have kidney stones. In EU patients kidney stones were associated with being female (p<0.0001; OR: 3.699; CI: 2.001; 6.838), having mid-upper arm muscle circumference between the 10th and 90th percentiles (p=0.0477; OR: 3.164; CI: 1.012; 9.895), not being at nutritional risk according to the NRS (p=0.0308; OR: 3.265; IC: 1.116; 9.557), and being younger (p=0.0008; OR: 0.966; CI: 2.001; 6.838). Conclusion: PN patients seem to need nutritional assessment and follow-up, while patients with kidney stones smaller than one centimeter do not seem to need routine nutritional assessment.

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Effect of Prior Health Knowledge on the Usability of Two Home Medical Devices: Usability Study (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.17983 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Noémie Chaniaud ◽

Natacha Métayer ◽

Olga Megalakaki ◽

Emilie Loup-Escande

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Video Analysis ◽

Medical Devices ◽

Pulse Oximeter ◽

Health Knowledge ◽

Blood Pressure Monitor ◽

Pressure Monitor ◽

The Mean ◽

Context Of Use ◽

The Impact

BACKGROUND Studies on the usability of health care devices are becoming more common, although usability standards are not necessarily specified and followed. Yet, there is little knowledge about the impact of the context of use on the usability outcome. It is specified in the usability standard (ISO 9241-11, 2018) of a device that it may be affected by its context of use and especially by the characteristics of its users. Among these, prior health knowledge (ie, knowledge about human body functioning) is crucial. However, no study has shown that prior health knowledge influences the usability of medical devices. OBJECTIVE Our study aimed to fill this gap by analyzing the relationship between the usability of two home medical devices (soon to be used in the context of ambulatory surgery) and prior health knowledge through an experimental approach. METHODS For assessing the usability of two home medical devices (blood pressure monitor and pulse oximeter), user tests were conducted among 149 students. A mixed-methods approach (subjective vs objective) using a variety of standard instruments was adopted (direct observation, video analysis, and questionnaires). Participants completed a questionnaire to show the extent of their previous health knowledge and then operated both devices randomly. Efficiency (ie, handling time) and effectiveness (ie, number of handling errors) measures were collected by video analysis. Satisfaction measures were collected by a questionnaire (system usability scale [SUS]). The qualitative observational data were coded using inductive analysis by two independent researchers specialized in cognitive psychology and cognitive ergonomics. Correlational analyses and clusters were performed to test how usability relates to sociodemographic characteristics and prior health knowledge. RESULTS The results indicated a lack of usability for both devices. Regarding the blood pressure monitor (137 participants), users made approximately 0.77 errors (SD 1.49), and the mean SUS score was 72.4 (SD 21.07), which is considered “satisfactory.” The pulse oximeter (147 participants) appeared easier to use, but participants made more errors (mean 0.99, SD 0.92), and the mean SUS score was 71.52 (SD 17.29), which is considered “satisfactory.” The results showed a low negative and significant correlation only between the effectiveness of the two devices and previous knowledge (blood pressure monitor: r=−0.191, P=.03; pulse oximeter: r=−0.263, P=.001). More subtly, we experimentally identified the existence of a threshold level (χ²2,146=10.9, P=.004) for health knowledge to correctly use the pulse oximeter, but this was missing for the blood pressure monitor. CONCLUSIONS This study has the following two contributions: (1) a theoretical interest highlighting the importance of user characteristics including prior health knowledge on usability outcomes and (2) an applied interest to provide recommendations to designers and medical staff.

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Goldilocks Principle: Preference for Change in Breast Size in Breast Cancer Reconstruction Patients

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.702816 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Krista M. Nicklaus ◽

Thao Bui ◽

Mary Catherine Bordes ◽

Jun Liu ◽

Deepti Chopra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Reconstruction ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

The United States ◽

Preliminary Evidence ◽

Cancer Center ◽

Breast Size ◽

Size Change ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The Mean

Patients’ preferences regarding changing or maintaining their breast size after mastectomy and reconstruction are important but understudied determinants of post-surgical satisfaction and quality of life. The goal of this study was to identify factors associated with preferences for changing or maintaining breast size for women undergoing breast reconstruction at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in the United States from 2011 to 2014. The average age of participants was 45.7 ± 9.1 years. At baseline, mean average breast volumes were 755.7 ± 328.4 mL for all women (n = 48), 492.3 mL ± 209.3 for 13 women who preferred to be “bigger than now,” 799.2 mL ± 320.9 for 25 women who preferred to remain “about the same,” and 989.3 mL ± 253.1 for 10 women who preferred “smaller than now.” Among the 23 women who preferred to change their breast size, 19 desired to shift toward the mean. Women with the smallest and largest 20% of baseline breast size were more likely to desire a change toward the mean (p = 0.006). Multinomial logistic regression models found average breast volume and satisfaction with breast size to be the most important factors associated with preferences for changing or maintaining breast size for women undergoing breast reconstruction. This study provides preliminary evidence for a “Goldilocks principle” in women’s preferences for breast size change in the context of breast reconstruction, and identifies hypotheses for future studies of the associations among preference for change in breast size, preference achievement, and post-reconstruction body image.

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Perceived Stress Levels and Associated Factors Among SARS-CoV-2-Affected Young Adults Under Home Isolation—A Cross-Sectional Study From Kerala, India

Indian Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.1177/26339447211058643 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 263394472110586

Author(s):

Anjana Nalina Kumari Kesavan Nair ◽

Jisharaj Vijayakumari Rajasekharan Nair ◽

Siji Vincent Swarnabai ◽

Reshma Rajan Sudha ◽

Alice Metilda Mendez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Stress Levels ◽

The Mean ◽

Study Participants ◽

The Impact

Introduction The impact of SARS-CoV-2 is not only on physical health but also on mental health. This pandemic raised concerns of fear, anxiety, and stress among patients affected with the disease. Quarantine and home isolation might have created psychological distress and helplessness in patients due to social and economic reasons. This study aimed in assessing the level of perceived stress and factors associated with it among SARS-CoV-2-affected young adults who were under home isolation. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted among 147 SARS-CoV-2-affected young adults who were under home isolation during June 2021 to August 2021. A semi-structured proforma was created using KoBo Toolbox for humanitarian response for data collection. Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) was used for measurement of stress among COVID-19 patients. The questionnaire was shared in online platform. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23.0. Significance of association was tested using chi square test and independent sample t test. Logistic regression was done to predict the factors associated with perceived stress. Results Out of the 147 study participants, 56.5% were females and 43.5% were males. Symptoms were present in 94 (63.9%) of patients. The mean age of the study participants was 26 (10.5) years. The mean PSS score was 17.5 (6.4). Among the cases under home isolation, 24.5% had low stress levels, 68% had moderate stress levels, and 7.5% had severe stress levels. Feeling of loneliness during home isolation (odds ratio [OR]: 4.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.9-11.63], P = .008), presence of elderly or under-5 children in the same house (OR: 15.45, 95% CI [2.03-117.5], P = .001), and presence of cough ( P = .05) were found to be significantly associated with higher PSS scores. Age and sleep were negatively correlated with stress score. Conclusion One-third of the study participants had moderate to severe levels of perceived stress. Age, sleep hours, presence of cough, presence of under-5 children or elderly in the same house, and feeling of loneliness during home isolation were found to be significantly associated with high perceived stress level scores.

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