scholarly journals Isolasi dan Identifikasi Cemaran Bakteri Salmonella sp. pada Daging Ayam dan Ikan Mentah

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
Hasna Ul Maritsa ◽  
Fitratul Aini ◽  
Ardiansyah Saputra ◽  
Desri Santi Nurhakim ◽  
Greace Meisinta Sihombing
Keyword(s):  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Fish Meat ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Traditional Market ◽  
Raw Fish ◽  
Microscopic Morphology ◽  
Bacillus Isolate

Food is a basic need that must be free from microorganisms contamination Salmonella sp. is a gram-negative bacteria that often contaminates food, especially meat, and causes Salmonellosis disease. This study aims to isolate and identify Salmonella sp. which allegedly contaminating the sample of chicken meat and raw fish. Samples from traditional market around Jambi University. The tests were conducted at the Laboratory of Biotechnology and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Jambi University. Isolation was performed by dilution method on SSA medium (Salmonella Shigella Agar), isolates were characterized by macroscopic-microscopic morphology, and biochemical test. The results showed that raw chicken meat was positively contaminated with Salmonella sp., while fish meat was not. Gram-negative bacillus isolate character is yields H2S black deposits and is capable of fermenting glucose, lactose and sucrose.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Gram-Negative Bacterial Isolates from Raw Chicken Meat Samples

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Neha Gautam ◽  
Rojan Poudel ◽  
Binod Lekhak ◽  
Milan Kumar Upreti
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Food Microbiology ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Meat Samples

Objectives: This research aims to study the microbial quality of chicken meat available in retail shop of Kathmandu Valley. Methods:  This Study was conducted from June to December 2018 in three different districts of Kathmandu Valley. Samples were collected in sterile plastic bags, labeled properly and stored in an icebox and transported to the Food Microbiology laboratory of Golden Gate International College.  During sample preparation, 25 grams of each sample was taken and transferred to sterile flasks containing 225 ml of buffered peptone water. Potential pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria were isolated by using respective selective media and identified by biochemical test. Antibiotic susceptibility profile of isolates was carried out by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method according to CLSI 2017 guideline. Results: Of total 81 chicken meat samples processed; 201 Gram negative bacteria were isolated.  E. coli (100%) was the dominant Gram-negative isolates, followed by Citrobacter spp (62.96%), Pseudomonas spp (40.74%), Proteus spp (19.75%), Salmonella spp (16.04%) and Klebsiella spp (8.64%) respectively. No any multidrug isolates were detected. Conclusion: The study showed that the raw chicken meat samples of Kathmandu valley was highly contaminated with Gram negative potential pathogenic bacteria. Antimicrobial resistance pattern shown by the isolates may indicates that there is not overuse of drug in animals and the less chance of risk of increasing antimicrobial resistance.

Prevalence of Carbapenemase Genes, qacE, qacEΔ1 and cepA in Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria with Different Susceptibility to Chlorhexidine

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
K. G. Kosyakova ◽  
N. B. Esaulenko ◽  
O. A. Kameneva ◽  
S. P. Kazakov ◽  
A. Y. Dubinina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
World Health ◽  
Dynamic Monitoring ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Health Organization

Relevance The World Health Organization has provided a list of resistant bacteria that pose the greatest threat to society. Among them, the most important (critically high priority level) are Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii strains resistant to carbapenems, as well as enterobacteriaceae producing extended spectrum beta-lactamases and carbapenemases.Aim. To conduct a comparative analysis of the sensitivity to chlorhexidine of multiply-resistant gram-negative bacteria, the causative agents of infectious conditions in patients of various medical organizations, and to study the relationship between the presence of resistance genes and the minimum inhibitory concentration of chlorhexidine.Materials & methods. The study included 138 Gram-negative multidrug-resistant strains isolated during 2018–2019 from various clinical specimens. Susceptibility of the isolates to antibiotics were determined using Vitek-2 compact and Phoenix М50, susceptibility to chlorhexidine were determined by agar dilution method. The resistance genes were detected by the real-time PCR method.Results. The lowest level of resistance to chlorhexidine was determined in E. coli strains (MIC90 16 mg/l), other strains were highly resistant: MIC90 of P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii – 128 mg/l, K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae и P. mirabilis – 256 mg/l. The highest frequency of detection of carbapenemase genes observed in K. pneumoniae strains – 56.0% and P. aeruginosa – 48.1%. High prevalence of cepA gene was found out (the strains of enterobacteria – 47.8%, A. baumannii – 42.9%), genes qacE, qacEΔ1 were more often detected in non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria then in enterobacteria. Conclusion. According to the results of our study, we did not reveal a significant correlation between the presence or absence of resistance genes and MIC of chlorhexidine in Gram-negative bacteria. However, taking into account complex mechanism of the adaptive response of bacteria to the effects of chlorhexidine, and to implement the concept of preventing health care-associated infections, it is proposed to continue dynamic monitoring of the resistance of microorganisms to antiseptics, disinfectants and antibiotics.

scholarly journals Bridelia retusa (L.) Spreng. Fruits: Antimicrobial Efficiency and their Phytochemical Constituents

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aniel Kumar OWK ◽  
Mutyala Naidu LAGUDU
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficiency ◽  
Bridelia Retusa

Antimicrobial analysis of hexane, chloroform, methanol and aqueous extracts of Bridelia retusa fruits was performed by agar well method and minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by serial two-fold dilution method. Seven human pathogenic bacteria species including Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and three fungal species were used in the study and the results indicated that the Gram positive bacteria and fungi were more sensitive than the Gram negative bacteria, to both solvent and aqueous Bridelia retusa fruit extracts. Moreover, Enterococcus faecalis was found as the most sensitive bacteria, whereas Proteus vulgaris and Aspergillu niger were the most resistant to the tested extracts. Phytochemical analysis of fruits revealed the presence of secondary metabolites like alkaloid, saponins and terpenoids, which have been implicated in antimicrobial activities. Hence, it would be recommended to explore the maximum potential of Bridelia retusa in the medicinal and pharmaceutical field and investigation are endorsed for further application useful in phytomedicine.

scholarly journals PAMAM-dendrimer Enhanced Antibacterial Effect of Vancomycin Hydrochloride Against Gram-Negative Bacteria

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 10-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azadeh Serri ◽  
Arash Mahboubi ◽  
Afshin Zarghi ◽  
Hamid Reza Moghimi
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Pamam Dendrimers ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Bacterial Membranes ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Purpose: The antibacterial activity of some antibiotics is specific to either Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria.  There are different mechanisms behind such insensitivities like inability of antibiotics to permeate through some bacterial membranes, as is the case for vancomycin in Gram-negative bacteria. The present investigation tries to overcome this problem by dendrimers, in order to make Gram-negative bacteria responsive to vancomycin. Methods: The effects of generations 3 (G3) and 5 (G5) polyamidoamine amine-terminated dendrimers (NH2-PAMAM), on the antibacterial activity of vancomycin, were evaluated. Vancomycin-PAMAM dendrimers complexes were prepared and their antibacterial activities were evaluated by determination of their “minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)”, “minimum bactericidal concentration” and “fractional inhibitory concentration index” values against two Gram-positive and four Gram-negative bacteria, using broth micro-dilution method. The complexation of vancomycin and dendrimers was also assessed by in vitro release studies across dialysis tubing using a developed HPLC method. Results: Results showed that vancomycin solution was effective against Gram-positive bacteria, but, was not effective in Gram-negative ones. Vancomycin-PAMAM dendrimers exhibited significant antibacterial efficacy against Gram-negative bacteria resulting in a decline of vancomycin MIC values by about 2, 2, 4 and 64 times in E. coli, K. pneumonia, S. typhimurium and P. aeruginosa, respectively. Results also showed that enhanced effect by G5 is more than G3. Dendrimers did not affect antibacterial activity of vancomycin in Gram-positive bacteria, as no permeation problem exists here. Conclusions: The present study revealed that both G3 and G5 cationic PAMAM dendrimers are able to make Gram-negative bacteria sensitive to vancomycin, resulting in decline of MIC values up to 64 times, possibly by increasing its permeation through bacterial membrane. These results look promising for broadening the antibacterial spectrum of vancomycin and such a strategy might be used for increasing the overall life of antibiotics.

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of major bacteria from three Ethiopian rift valley lakes live and processed fish, and water samples: Implications in sanitary system of fish products

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guta Dissasa ◽  
Brook Lemma ◽  
Hassen Mamo
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Edwardsiella Tarda ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Fish Production ◽  
Fish Products ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Live Fish ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fish Samples

Abstract Bacterial pathogens are a great threat to fish production. Gram-negative bacteria are among the major bacterial fish pathogens and zoonotic with the potential to infect humans. This cross-sectional study was conducted to isolate and identify major gram-negative bacteria from live and processed fish, and water samples from Lakes Hawassa, Langanoo and Ziway. A total of 674 different types of samples: 630 tissue samples (210 samples for each intestine, Kidney and liver collected from 210 live fish (Oreochromis niloticus, Cyprinus carpio and Clarias gariepinus), 20 processed fish samples from lake Ziway fish processing center and 24 lake water samples were included in the study from each lake. The mean values of pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen and nitrate in all water samples were within the normal range at which most freshwater fish species become non-stressed. Of a total of 674 samples included in the study, the bacteria were isolated from 154 (22.8%) samples with significant difference (P<0.05) observed in some isolates with respect to sample origin. Of these 154 isolates, 103(66.8%) isolates were gram-negative bacteria consisting of 15 species based on morphology and a range of biochemical tests. From live fish samples, Escherichia coli was the dominant species with 15 isolates followed by Edwardsiella tarda (12), Salmonella Paratyphi (10), Salmonella Typhi (9), Shigella dysenteriae(7), Shigella flexneri (7), Klebsiella pneumonia (7), Enterobacter aerogenes (6), Enterobacter cloacae (5), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5), Vibrio parahemolyticus (5), Aeromonas sobria (4), Citrobacter freundii (4), Citrobacter koseri (4) and Plesiomonas shigelloides(3). Detection of common fecal coliforms (E. coli, K. pneumoniae and E. aerogenes) and Salmonella spp. in processed fish indicates the potential danger of passage of pathogenic bacteria and/or their poisons to humans via infected and/or contaminated fish products. Human infection by pathogenic fish bacteria and food poisoning is possible through contamination of fish product in fish production chain due to inadequate handling, poor hygiene and contact with contaminated water. Therefore, producers, consumers and all other stakeholders need to be cautious during handling, processing and consumption of fish harvested from the study lakes.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Antibiotic Doped Carbon Nanoparticles Extracted from Kitchen Soot against Pathogenic Gram-negative Bacteria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
. Habiba ◽  
Israf Ud Din ◽  
S. Tasleem ◽  
Muhammad Mubashir ◽  
M. Afroz Bakht
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Carbon Nanoparticles ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Visible Spectroscopy ◽  
Carbon Nanoparticle ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Antibacterial Potential

In this study carbon nanoparticles were extracted from kitchen soot and characterized by using UV/Visible spectroscopy.  Amoxicyline and vibramycin were doped on the carbon nanoparticles by mixing the solutions of the aforementioned antibiotics and carbon nanoparticles and then evaporated to dryness at 50°C. The antibacterial potential of carbon nanoparticle, antibiotics and carbon nanoparticles doped antibiotics were evaluated using Agar tub dilution method against two bacterial strain i.e. P. Aerogunis and Salmonella entrica. The result indicated that the carbon nanoparticle doped antibiotics showed marked increase in the antibacterial potential with inhibition zone of 16.2 mm against P. aerogunisa and 12.5 mm against Salmonela entrica for Vibramycin Doped CNPs. The inhibition zone of Amoxicyline doped carbon nanoparticle is 25.0 mm against P. aerogunisa and 30.0 mm against Salmonela entrica.

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES ON CERTAIN SUBSTITUTED ARYLAZO IMIDAZOLE CONTAINING OXADIAZOLES

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 11-24
Author(s):  
Sreedevi MEESRAGANDA ◽  
Raghavendra Gum Prasad ALURU ◽  
Spoorthy Yadan NARASIMBA ◽  
Ravindnmath Laxmana Rao Krishna RAO
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Antimicrobial Studies ◽  
Serial Dilution Method

A series of novel substituted l-[5-(2-methyl-5-nitro-4phenyl-imidazol-lyl methyl)-2-phenyl-(1,3,4)oxadiazol-3-yl]-ethanones have been synthesized. Formation of 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring was accomplished by the reaction of the corresponding hydrazide with acetic anhydride. The structure determination of these compounds has been made on the basis of IR, 1H NMR, and elemental analysis. All the compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity. The antimicrobial activity of title compounds were examined against two gram-negative (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis), two gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and antifungal activity was carried out against Candida albicans. The MIC values for the newly synthesized compounds have been assessed by serial dilution method All the compounds demonstrated potent antibacterial activity.

scholarly journals 695. Activity of Imipenem–Relebactam and Ceftolozane–Tazobactam Against a Contemporary Collection of Gram-Negative Bacteria from New York City

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S314-S315
Author(s):  
Alejandro Iregui ◽  
Zeb Khan ◽  
David Landman ◽  
John M Quale
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Agar Dilution

Abstract Background Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria are important nosocomial pathogens, and therapeutic options are often limited. Methods Clinical isolates were gathered during a surveillance study in 2017 involving 7 hospitals in Brooklyn, NY. Isolates underwent susceptibility testing using the agar dilution method; for the combination of imipenem-relebactam and ceftolozane-tazobactam, the concentrations of relebactam and tazobactam were fixed at 4 µg/mL. Breakpoints were defined according to CLSI criteria; for imipenem-relebactam, the breakpoint of imipenem was utilized. Isolates were screened by PCR for common carbapenemases. Results Overall susceptibility patterns are given in the Table. Of 1805 isolates of E. coli (including 4 with blaKPC), 100% were susceptible to imipenem and imipenem-relebactam. Of 503 isolates of K. pneumoniae (including 19 isolates with blaKPC), all were susceptible to imipenem-relebactam. Of 171 isolates of Enterobacter spp. (including 3 with blaKPC), 100% were susceptible to imipenem-relebactam. Of 260 isolates of P. aeruginosa, 96% were susceptible to imipenem-relebactam and nearly all to ceftolozane-tazobactam. Against A. baumannii, the activity of imipenem-relebactam was the same as imipenem and the ceftolozane-tazobactam MIC was ≤ 4 µg/mL in 65% of isolates. Conclusion Imipenem-relebactam possesses promising activity against multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae endemic to New York City. Ceftolozane-tazobactam demonstrated excellent activity against P. aeruginosa, including isolates resistant to carbapenems. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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