scholarly journals Børns koloniserede arbejde

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
Jens Qvortrup
Keyword(s):  
Child Poverty ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Public Practice ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Children’S Work ◽  
The One

Jens Qvortrup: The colonization of children’s work This article develops both historical and theoretical arguments against the flawed logic of a conventional wisdom. This conventional wisdom is the notion that while children in pre-industrial society were actively taking part in work, the scholarised children in modern society are merely preparing themselves to become contributors to the social fabric. Combined with family ideology, this view has implications for low fertility rates and greater risk of poverty for children and their families. The modern schooling marathon should be understood as a continuation of children’s organic participation in activities deemed necessary by the mode of production, reflecting an historical shift from manual to mental child work. This understanding of children’s schoolwork logically implies that children are part of a societal division of labour, and therefore have legitimate claims to societal resources and public economic responsibility. Putting these insights into public practice would, on the one hand, alleviate the economic burdens of parents and the risk of child poverty, and, on the other, create incentives for increased fertility. In the long run this would contribute to the solution of the impending pension crisis. And too, it would help reestablish the intergenerational balance.

scholarly journals Document: An Axiological Aspect

2018 ◽  
pp. 761-769
Author(s):  
Olga A. Ginatulina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Document Management ◽  
The Other ◽  
Public Practice ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

The article analyzes the phenomenon of document as assessed in the study of value. To begin with, it poses a problem of contradictory axiological status of document in modern society. On the one hand, document is objectively important, as it completes certain practical tasks, and yet, on the other hand, documents and document management are receive a negative assessment in public consciousness. In order to understand this situation, the article analyzes the concept of ‘value’ and concludes that certain objects of the material world receive this status, if they are included in public practice and promote progress of society or human development. Although this abstract step towards a better understanding of values does not provide a comprehensive answer to the question of axiological nature of document, it however indicates a trend in development of thought towards analysis of the development of human nature. The document is an artifact that objectifies and reifies a certain side of human nature. Human nature is a heterogeneous phenomenon and exists on two levels. The first abstract level is represented by the human race and embodies the full range of universal features of humanity. The second level is the specific embodiment of generic universal human nature in specific historical type of individuals. Between these two levels there is a contradiction. On the one hand, man by nature tends toward universality, on the other hand, realization of his nature is limited by the frameworks of historical era and contributes to the development of only one side of the race. Accordingly, document has value only within a certain historical stage and conflicts with the trend of universal development of human nature, and thus receives a negative evaluation. However, emergence of a new type of work (general scientific work) will help to overcome this alienation between generic and limited individual human being, and therefore will make a great impact on the nature of document, making it more ‘human,’ thus increasing its value in the eyes of society.

Die Liberalisierung des deutschen Telekommunikationsmarktes: Zukünftige Regulierungserfordernisse im Lichte bisheriger Erfahrungen

1999 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Günter Knieps ◽  
Ingo Vogelsang ◽  
Eberhard Witte
Keyword(s):  
Market Power ◽  
The United States ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Mobile Telecommunication ◽  
Telecommunication Sector ◽  
Telecommunication Market ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Essential Facility ◽  
Market Liberalisation ◽  
The One

AbstractThis economic policy forum focuses on the liberalisation of the German telecommunication market. In view of former experiences future regulation requirements are discussed. Günter Knieps stresses that the problem of market power is central for answering the question of future division of labour between sector-specific regulations and the application of the competition law. Net-specific market power is only expected in monopolistic bottlenecks characterised by irreversible costs so that sector-specific regulations should be exclusively restricted to these monopolistic bottlenecks. Knieps aims at establishing service as well as infrastructural competition in competitive telecommunication markets. He argues that the telecommunication markets should not be distorted by regulations. Another aspect of Knieps’ article is the question how the mobile telecommunication market should be regulated. He examines whether the mobile telecommunication markets are characterised by monopolistic bottlenecks. However, Knieps does not find evidence for the existence of the latter. Finally, the author concludes that slimy regulations of net-specific market power is necessary to use all advantages provided by liberalised telecommunication markets. Therefore, the concept of “essential facility” should be employed.Ingo Vogelsang emphasises that the telecommunication sector is characterised by a great volume of investment. Rapid technical progress and fast changing markets can lead to uncertainty which makes investment insecure. On the one hand, Vogelsang points out that regulations can reduce the investors’ uncertainty. On the other hand, he reminds the reader that regulations can raise risk of investments. The main aspect in this context is the increasing uncertainty in law. Therefore, the author proposes regulative decisions that are predictable in the long run. Yet, long-term plans specifying definite time plans for regulations would not be successful. In contrast, the author suggests time independent development steps. For this reason, Vogelsang introduces a “Four Step Plan of Regulation” discussed in this article.Eberhard Witte remarks that the current regulations in the German telecommunication market result from several reform steps. He points out that the reforms in other countries, as e.g. in the United States or the United Kingdom have advancedthe liberalisation in Germany. Hence he describes the process of the German telecommunication market liberalisation with regard to the speed and the sequence of political actions. According to Witte’s opinion, the necessary rearrangements of the German telecommunication market are not yet finished. The author emphasises that one problem remains: Should new competitors be allowed to use the old infrastructure or should they be required to implement their own? Finally, he tries to answer this question for Germany and draws comparison to the experience of other countries.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Input-Output Complexity and the Notion of Sustainability

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Urban Sušnik ◽  
Andrej Sušjan ◽  
Nevenka Hrovatin
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The One

Abstract The paper attempts to synthesize the analytical nucleus of classical political economy and modern ecological economics. In essence this means making a connection between social issues of income distribution, accumulation of capital and economic growth with biophysical limits to economic development. We first model a simple growing system of production and explore its potential to maintain sustainability when using a single natural resource. Taking into consideration the laws of thermodynamics we show that the long-term sustainability of such a simple system is unlikely. When the model is extended to incorporate a wider range of inputs used and commodities produced, such complexity accompanied by knowledge-based structural changes provides necessary conditions for the long-run sustainability of a growing economic system. Since input-output complexity results from the division of labour on the one hand and from intentional R&D policies on the other, this conclusion also brings forward some policy implications regarding income distribution in the society.

The Italian family from the 1960s to the present

Modern Italy ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Saraceno
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Family Policies ◽  
Apparent Paradox ◽  
The Family ◽  
Supportive Family ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The One ◽  
Apparent Stability

SummaryThe family in Italy lies at the centre of an apparent paradox. On the one hand, it appears stronger in its traditional form based on marriage and on intergenerational solidarity than in most European countries. The normal way of living for couples is marriage, marriage instability is lower than the European average, and births out of wedlock are scarce. On the other hand, with its low fertility and long permanence of children in their parents’ household, Italy appears to be a country where the forming of new families and the reproduction of families is most difficult. This article explores the reasons for this paradox, many of which lie in the persistent gender division of labour and in the lack of supportive family policies. At the same time the article shows that despite the apparent stability of the family many changes are under way, some of them dating back to the early 1960s: not only because of fertility decline, but also due to women's changing patterns of behaviour and expectations.

scholarly journals Transforming the Society in The Modern Society

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
Georgi Berikashvili
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Social Effectiveness ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Stagnation ◽  
The Law ◽  
The One

The article is devoted to the issues of the influence of modern social changes on the social effectiveness of the law. Social values and institutions are changing dramatically, and this must find expression in the rule of law. According to the author, modern social structure is characterized by an unprecedented increase in the complexity of the social organization, the strengthening of cultural and exchange ties, increasing cultural diversity, the formation of standards typical of the era of mass industrial society, and their corresponding personality, trying to realize their creative potential. At the same time, the author notes that in modern society, people often become a mass tool for resolving social conflicts. According to the author, in modern conditions, the social structure has also undergone significant transformations, but the existing social reality is very contradictory. On the one hand, economic efficiency is increasing and the most highly-paid and privileged strata are expanding. On the other hand, for the majority of the population, economic stagnation persists and the socio-economic situation is deteriorating. Keywords: transformation, globalization, social effectiveness of the law.

Migration and US agricultural competitiveness

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip L. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Farm Workers ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Guest Workers ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Lower Wage ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One

Agriculture has one of the highest shares of foreign-born and unauthorized workers among US industries; over three-fourths of hired farm workers were born abroad, usually in Mexico, and over half of all farm workers are unauthorized. Farm employers are among the few to openly acknowledge their dependence on migrant and unauthorized workers, and they oppose efforts to reduce unauthorized migration unless the government legalizes currently illegal farm workers or provides easy access to legal guest workers. The effects of migrants on agricultural competitiveness are mixed. On the one hand, wages held down by migrants keep labour-intensive commodities competitive in the short run, but the fact that most labour-intensive commodities are shipped long distances means that long-run US competitiveness may be eroded as US farmers have fewer incentives to develop labour-saving and productivity-improving methods of farming and production in lower-wage countries expands.

PHILOSOPHICAL PROPAEDEUTICS IN THE SYSTEM OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Gan N.Yu. ◽  
Ponomareva L.I. ◽  
Obukhova K.A.
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Social Relevance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Moral Problems ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Training

Today, worldview, spiritual and moral problems that have always been reflected in education and upbringing come to the fore in society. In this situation, there is a demand for philosophical categories. One of the priority goals of education in modern conditions is the formation of a reasonable, reflexive person who is able to analyze their actions and the actions of other people. Modern science is characterized by an understanding of the absolute value and significance of childhood in the development of the individual, which implies the need for its multilateral study. In the conditions of democratization of all spheres of life, the child ceases to be a passive object of education and training, and becomes an active carrier of their own meanings of being and the subject of world creation. One of the realities of childhood is philosophizing, so it is extremely timely to address the identification of its place and role in the world of childhood. Children's philosophizing is extremely poorly studied, although the need for its analysis is becoming more obvious. Children's philosophizing is one of the forms of philosophical reflection, which has its own qualitative specificity, on the one hand, and commonality with all other forms of philosophizing, on the other. The social relevance of the proposed research lies in the fact that children's philosophizing can be considered as an intellectual indicator of a child's socialization, since the process of reflection involves the adoption and development of culture. Modern society, in contrast to the traditional one, is ready to "accept" a philosophizing child, which means that it is necessary to determine the main characteristics and conditions of children's philosophizing.

Subaltern mediators in the digital landscape

Target ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Iribarren
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Web 2.0 ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Lingua Franca ◽  
Content Type ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The One ◽  
Digital Landscape

This article explores translational literary Web 2.0 practices and user-generated cultural creations on the Internet, focusing on video poetry that re-creates canonical poets’ bodies of work. It will be argued that the use of for-profit platforms like YouTube and Vimeo by indie creators and translators of video poetry favours the emergence of new translational attitudes, practices and objects that have positive but also contentious effects. One the one hand, these online mediators explore new poetic expressions and tend to make the most of the potential for dissemination of poetic heritage, providing visibility to non-hegemonic literatures. On the other hand, however, these translational digitally-born practices and creations by voluntary and subaltern mediators might reinforce the hegemonic position of large American Internet corporations at the risk of commodifying cultural capital, consolidating English as a lingua franca and perhaps, in the long run, even fostering a potentially monocultural and internationally homogeneous aesthetics.

scholarly journals Challenges of Big Data analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianqing Fan ◽  
Fang Han ◽  
Han Liu
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Big Data Analysis ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Paradigm Change ◽  
Statistical Inferences ◽  
The One ◽  
And Storage

Abstract Big Data bring new opportunities to modern society and challenges to data scientists. On the one hand, Big Data hold great promises for discovering subtle population patterns and heterogeneities that are not possible with small-scale data. On the other hand, the massive sample size and high dimensionality of Big Data introduce unique computational and statistical challenges, including scalability and storage bottleneck, noise accumulation, spurious correlation, incidental endogeneity and measurement errors. These challenges are distinguished and require new computational and statistical paradigm. This paper gives overviews on the salient features of Big Data and how these features impact on paradigm change on statistical and computational methods as well as computing architectures. We also provide various new perspectives on the Big Data analysis and computation. In particular, we emphasize on the viability of the sparsest solution in high-confidence set and point out that exogenous assumptions in most statistical methods for Big Data cannot be validated due to incidental endogeneity. They can lead to wrong statistical inferences and consequently wrong scientific conclusions.

Capital Production and Social Equity: Finding Balance in Chinese Cities

2014 ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
Andrew Liang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reform ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Social Equity ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Wealth Creation ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Chinese Cities ◽  
The One

China’s massive capital accumulation, economic ascent and wealth production has largely been the result of their rapid urbanization effort. While it is indisputable that the country has largely succeeded in its economic reform efforts given its status as the world’s second largest economy and in that process lifted hundreds of millions of its population out of poverty, it has also, in that process, created severe social inequality and friction. This essay largely argues that Chinese cities are purpose-built financial instruments for capital accumulation, a result of the forces of globalization which could only have happened in sync with the time and space of a global economy. Though highly successful, so far the process has marginalized the objective of social integration into its performative matrix indexing. In this regard China has pursued an exploitive model of market driven urbanization and the resultant morphological and spatial attributes of the Chinese cities, while having achieved spectacular results on many levels, are nevertheless disjunctive. They are commodities of generic sameness that are mass-produced and exhibit the same anesthetizing effects of the spectacle that are ever prevalent in today’s global market production process, product and place. Recognizing that globalization and capitalism are here to stay in the immediate future, it begs the question if China, while having already undertaken extreme economic reform experimentations allowing it to now bask in its temporal success, will be able to leverage its acquired market knowledge and wealth creation to prospectively overcome the incredibly complex challenge of creating equitable cities in the future — ones that balance the demands of capital production on the one hand and social equity on the other — or rather will it sink deeper into the “neoliberal modern society” that it has already become.

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