BUILDING ENVELOPE COMPONENT TO CONTROL THERMAL INDOOR ENVIRONMENT IN SUSTAINABLE BUILDING: A REVIEW

The engineering of building envelope aims is to achieve building energy efficiency which uses shading device to increase the shaded area. Also, to reduce heat gain by the building from solar radiation, this will reduce the energy load on the building. This paper aim to focuses on the deepening of technology of building envelope elements, and how the building envelope can control the thermal comfort as part of the indoor environment in a building that carries sustainability architecture. In conclusion, finally, reveal that the principles of passive design on building envelope have a great influence on the comfort level in the building. It is not possible to create a design that meets the thermal comfort requirements by emphasizing the design of building envelopes. The goal to be achieved in sustainable design is to minimize the use of the current design that takes much energy (almost14% world energy consumption) to address the issue of energy crisis lately.

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Determination of Optimum Envelope of Religious Buildings in Terms of Thermal Comfort and Energy Consumption: Mosque Cases

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14206597 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (20) ◽

pp. 6597

Author(s):

Ahmet Bircan Atmaca ◽

Gülay Zorer Gedik ◽

Andreas Wagner

Keyword(s):

Thermal Properties ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Thermal Comfort ◽

Thermal Insulation ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Gain Factor ◽

Building Envelope ◽

Comfort Level ◽

Humid Climate ◽

Savings Rate

Mosques are quite different from other building types in terms of occupant type and usage schedule. For this reason, they should be evaluated differently from other building types in terms of thermal comfort and energy consumption. It is difficult and probably not even necessary to create homogeneous thermal comfort in mosques’ entire usage area, which has large volumes and various areas for different activities. Nevertheless, energy consumption should be at a minimum level. In order to ensure that mosques are minimally affected by outdoor climatic changes, the improvement of the properties of the building envelope should have the highest priority. These optimal properties of the building envelope have to be in line with thermal comfort in mosques. The proposed method will be a guide for designers and occupants in the design process of new mosques or the use of existing mosques. The effect of the thermal properties of the building envelope on energy consumption was investigated to ensure optimum energy consumption together with an acceptable thermal comfort level. For this purpose, a parametric simulation study of the mosques was conducted by varying optical and thermal properties of the building envelope for a temperature humid climate zone. The simulation results were analyzed and evaluated according to current standards, and an appropriate envelope was determined. The results show that thermal insulation improvements in the roof dome of buildings with a large volume contributed more to energy savings than in walls and foundations. The use of double or triple glazing in transparent areas is an issue that should be considered together with the solar energy gain factor. Additionally, an increasing thickness of thermal insulation in the building envelope contributed positively to energy savings. However, the energy savings rate decreased after a certain thickness. The proposed building envelope achieved a 33% energy savings compared to the base scenario.

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Optimization of Design Parameters for Office Buildings with Climatic Adaptability Based on Energy Demand and Thermal Comfort

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12093540 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 3540 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yuang Guo ◽

Dewancker Bart

Keyword(s):

Thermal Comfort ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Climate Adaptation ◽

Building Energy ◽

Comfort Level ◽

Energy Utilization ◽

Design Parameters ◽

Building Energy Efficiency ◽

Cold Zone ◽

Climatic Adaptability

According to a Chinese building energy demand report of 2016, building consumption is accelerating at a spectacular rate, especially for urban public buildings. In this study, various design parameters that meet the principle of climate adaptation are proposed to achieve the unity of energy utilization and indoor thermal comfort level. According to the local energy conservation codes, five typical benchmark geometric models were established in Open Studio (Sketch-Up plug-in) for sites representative of various climates, meanwhile, adopting the engine of Energy Plus (EP-Launch) to calculate the instrument definition file (IDF), respectively, for assessing the coupling relationship between energy consumption as well as thermal comfort. Results implied that based on the time proportion (8760 h) that met the level 1 comfort range, total energy reductions of different Chinese climate regions were different. Among them, the severe cold zone (SCZ—Changchun) and hot summer and cold winter zone (HSCW—Shanghai) appeared to have the greatest energy saving potential with 18–24% and 16–19%, respectively, while the cold zone (CZ—Beijing) and mild zone (MZ—Kunming) approximately equaled 15% and 12–15%, and the saving space of the hot summer and warm winter zone (HSWW—Haikou) appeared relatively low, only around 5–7%. Although the simulation results may be limited by the number of parameter settings, the main ones are under consideration seriously, which is further indication that there is still much room for appropriate improvements in the local public building energy efficiency codes.

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Dynamic Adaptive Building Envelopes – an Innovative and State-of-The-Art Technology

CREATIVE SPACE ◽

10.15415/cs.2016.32004 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 167-183

Author(s):

Sachin Harry

Keyword(s):

Research And Development ◽

Design Research ◽

Building Energy ◽

Building Envelope ◽

Building Energy Efficiency ◽

Building Envelopes ◽

Sustainable Building ◽

Innovative Strategy ◽

Characteristic Features ◽

Indoor Comfort

The building envelope has a key role to play in achieving indoor comfort for the occupants and building energy efﬁciency. A dynamic, active and integrated solution -- able to achieve the optimum thermal performance, harness energy from renewable resources and, integrate active elements and systems -- is the most promising and innovative strategy for the building envelope of tomorrow. To achieve an effective and sustainable building envelope with a dynamic behaviour, considerable efforts in research and development are necessary. This paper endeavours to present a broad review of design, research and development work in the ﬁeld of Dynamic Adaptive Building Envelope (DABE). Based on detailed studies, the characteristic features, enabling technologies, and the overall motivations that have tendered to the advancement of DABE are discussed. In spite of its positive aspects, the study reveals that the concept of DABE has not yet been well-applied and needs much more exploration. Various challenges need to be resolved and advanced research undertaken to bring it to maturity and acceptance.

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Material Thermal Performance Comparison Between The Tomb Of Mohammad Ghaus Heritage Building And A Modern Style Dwelling In Madhya Pradesh

International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability ◽

10.11113/ijbes.v7.n2.482 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 33-44

Author(s):

Anand Kushwah ◽

M.K. Gaur ◽

R.K. Pandit ◽

Pushpendra Singh

Keyword(s):

Thermal Comfort ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Great Influence ◽

Performance Comparison ◽

Building Envelope ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Modern Style ◽

Heritage Building ◽

Modern Building ◽

Observation Period

Building envelope not only provides us the protection from outside environment but also provides the necessary thermal comfort required for anyone residing inside it. It is observed that the natural cooling arrangements provided in the ancient buildings have a great influence on the thermal comfort inside the buildings. This type of arrangement of thermal comfort is not considered while designing new structures. So, the energy consumption in modern structure is more for the same thermal comfort as in ancient structures. Inside humidity, room temperature, mean surface temperatures, air variation ratio and lighting are some factors affecting thermal comfort. The materials such as cement and steel used in modern constructions are highly durable but not energy efficient. Hence necessary balance must therefore be achieved between energy efficiency and durability of modern buildings. Against this background, the paper presents a comparison of the thermal comfort inside the Tomb of Mohammad Ghaus heritage building and a modern style dwelling estimated around 10 years old. The average inside temperature of modern and heritage building was 32.65°C and 26.96°C respectively while the average outside temperature during observation period is 29.96°C. The average inside relative humidity of modern and heritage building was 61.73% and 68.93% respectively. As the heritage building was found cooler than the modern building, the study suggests that the cooling arrangement provided in the ancient buildings is imitable and beneficial to be incorporated in modern buildings

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Experimental Evaluation of Radiant Heating Ceiling Systems Based on Thermal Comfort Criteria

Energies ◽

10.3390/en11112932 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 2932 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M. Safizadeh ◽

Marcel Schweiker ◽

Andreas Wagner

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Thermal Comfort ◽

Thermal Sensation ◽

Building Envelope ◽

Building Energy Efficiency ◽

Radiant Heating ◽

Heating Systems ◽

Radiant Temperature ◽

Temperature Asymmetry ◽

Comfort Criteria

Low-temperature radiant heating systems can be considered as suitable candidates for the refurbishment of old heating systems. These systems are proven to save energy, however, their drawback is their impact on the creation of radiant temperature asymmetry and local thermal discomfort, especially in old buildings where the temperatures of surfaces (for example external walls with a low level of insulation and large windows) are low. This study aims to evaluate the potential application of low-temperature radiant ceiling heating systems (28–38 °C) in old and energy-renovated buildings, based on subjective experiments and thermal comfort criteria such as thermal sensation, comfort, satisfaction, and sensation asymmetry votes. Later, in the Discussion section, the guideline for the radiant temperature asymmetry for the warm ceiling presented in ASHRAE Standard-55 is corrected for relatively low air temperatures and different surface temperatures corresponding to “about neutral” conditions for winter clothing. Findings of this research show that the radiant ceiling heating system operating at low temperatures (33–38 °C) can provide fairly neutral thermal sensation and satisfactory comfort at the majority of body-parts, if the building envelope satisfies advanced building energy-efficiency regulations. Additionally, the experimental analyses imply that limitation of 5% suggested by ASHRAE-55 for the percentage of dissatisfied occupants feeling uncomfortable due to overhead radiation can be elevated to 10%.

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A DIGITAL METHOD FOR MEASURING THE THERMAL COMFORT OF THE AIR

Biomedical Engineering Applications Basis and Communications ◽

10.4015/s1016237202000267 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 14 (04) ◽

pp. 175-181

Author(s):

TANG-JEN LIU ◽

MING-SHING YOUNG

Keyword(s):

Thermal Comfort ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Indoor Environment ◽

Comfort Level ◽

Digital Method ◽

Outdoor Air ◽

Air Movement ◽

Mathematical Expressions ◽

Temperature And Humidity ◽

The Mathematical Model

Opening windows is frequently done to refresh the indoor air for the occupants. To maintain the cleanliness and freshness of the indoor air, more outdoor air is needed. But its high temperature and humidity are harmful to the thermal comfort of the indoor environment. Therefore, determining the amount of outdoor air allowed to enter the room is very important for the optimum conditioning of the indoor air. The ASHRAE comfort charts indicate the percentage of subjects feeling comfortable during various combinations of dry-bulb temperature, humidity, and air movement. A set of mathematical expressions were proposed to model the charts in order to calculate the comfort degree of the outdoor air automatically with its temperature and humidity. In this paper, the measurement of temperature and humidity was completed by a self-developed digital method. Besides, the comfort level of the sampled air was also simultaneously determined by this digital method based on the mathematical model of comfort charts. The system implemented based on our method is portable. This will let us make good use of the outdoor air and controll the ventilation machine more effectively.

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Adaptive Building Envelope System Using Parametric Camshaft Mechanism for Sustainable Building

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.232.919 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 232 ◽

pp. 919-924 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Firza Utama Sjarifudin

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Electrical Power ◽

Analysis Data ◽

Building Envelope ◽

Building Energy Efficiency ◽

Sustainable Building ◽

Sustainable Performance ◽

Rotation Phase ◽

Opening And Closing

Adaptation is essential to manage the problem of climate change. In order to meet this growing challenge, this paper propose an adaptive building envelope system that can optimize its configuration by responding to environmental changes that could achieve new levels of sustainable performance and energy efficiency. Most of the current adaptive building envelope uses kinetic techniques in order to make its formation transformable. However, with the use of kinetic components such as a large amount of interactive motorized system that require electrical power may also cause further decrease the building energy efficiency. This paper proposes a camshaft mechanism system for adaptive building envelope that uses less motors, controllers, and sensors. This system uses pre-programmed analysis data of daily solar radiation changes to parametrically drive the number of rotation phase and length of nose (Lobe Lift) that generates the shape of camshaft. This camshaft then controls the changing opening and closing values of the building envelope components. The advantages of this system are less energy consumption, less maintenance and lower cost since it uses less motors, controllers and wiring. In conclusion, this paper has developed a prototypical tool that facilitates the new approach to energy efficient kinetic buildings.

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Shading devices applied to sun control in occupied spaces in summer conditions

Sukatha procedia ◽

10.32438/sa.120.3007 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 127-139

Author(s):

Eusébio Conceição ◽

João Gomes ◽

Maria Manuela Lúcio ◽

Hazim Awbi

Keyword(s):

Thermal Comfort ◽

Dynamic Simulation ◽

Ventilation System ◽

Simulation Software ◽

Comfort Level ◽

Or Groups ◽

Shading Devices ◽

Heat Exchanges ◽

Shading Device ◽

Made In

This work presents a study of a numerical building dynamic simulation in the development of a horizontal shading device passive solution applied in a university canteen. The used building dynamic simulation software, that simulates simultaneously a building or groups of buildings with complex topologies, in transient conditions, considers the solar radiation, the HVAC system, glass radiative proprieties, radiative heat exchanges, thermal solutions, thermal comfort of occupants, indoor air quality, among others properties. The development of efficient external horizontal shading devices is made by a numerical model that uses the sun's trajectory and its position in relation to the windows where it falls. The canteen is constituted by three levels and is divided in 37 spaces. In the numerical simulation, 100 transparent surfaces and 773 opaque surfaces are considered. Special attention is given in the students’ main canteen, professors’ main canteen, specialized canteen and university bar. The simulation is made, in summer conditions, considered the selected spaces without and with horizontal shading devices placed above their windows. In the simulation, the occupancy and the implemented ventilation system are considered. Regarding to the obtained results the use of horizontal shading devices can reduce the air temperature range and improve the thermal comfort level that the occupants are subjected in some of the analyzed spaces.

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Smart and Cool Home in Malaysia

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.224.115 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 224 ◽

pp. 115-119 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ismail Muhammad Azzam ◽

Abdul Rashid Fahanim

Keyword(s):

Thermal Comfort ◽

Heat Sink ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Indoor Environment ◽

Building Materials ◽

Tropical Climate ◽

Building Envelope ◽

Thermal Mass ◽

Innovative Strategies

Achieving thermal comfort in the tropical climate of Malaysia is always a great challenge for any house designer or builder. Although some practical solutions have been developed over centuries through the slow but constant evolution of indigenous houses such the Malay house, the longhouses in Borneo and the Chinese townhouses in Melaka, their integration into contemporary designs have been hampered by various modern constraints. For instance, building the Malay house in urban areas is deemed unsuitable due to the need for wide land lots and their perceptively fragile building materials that do not allay any security worries. The lack of skilled carpenters for building such a house is also a worsening problem. Hence, new and innovative strategies to achieve thermal comfort for contemporary houses are greatly needed to serve the needs and expectations of an urbanized society. One method that has been studied and proved successful is the Smart and Cool Home system which was first used at a private bungalow in Semenyih, Malaysia. The overarching principle of this system is to reverse the role of the building envelope from being a thermal mass into a heat sink which effectively reduces heat gains and allow the occupants inside to easily adapt to a milder indoor environment. This paper describes this house in detail and provides some understanding of the principles involved.

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