scholarly journals Eugene Onegin’s stages of evolution

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 136-171
Author(s):  
Yuri M. Nikishov
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Meaning Of Life ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Complete Picture ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Search For Self ◽  
Eugene Onegin ◽  
First Time

The article attempts to understand the author’s attitude to the main character of the novel “Eugene Onegin” by Alexander Pushkin. For the first time, a complete picture of Onegin’s evolution is given. The author proves that the rapture of secular life is just his prehistory; that the search for self-determination of Pushkin’s hero begins with a blues (premature old age of the soul). Communication with Vladimir Lensky makes Onegin reflect on the meaning of life. The highest point of his searches is freedom and peace (at the level of interests of the circus circle). Thoughts on the Onegin’s hypothetical fate are not attempts “to complete” the novel ending, but this is a way to understand the hero more deeply. The poet himself gave an example of such hypothetical thoughts. The “Fragments from Onegin’s Journey” that violate the plot sequence, placed after the notes (end sign), with their tone create a hint in determining Onegin’s hypothetical fate.

scholarly journals The Image of the Trickster in the Novel by Vladimir Makanin The Underground, or the Hero of Our Time

Literatūra ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-191
Author(s):  
Natalia Kovtun
Keyword(s):  
Self Determination ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Literary Canon ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
Modern Russian

The article is devoted to the study of the image of the trickster – one of the key ones in modern Russian culture and literature. The article analyzes the specifics of the functioning and attribution of the trickster figure in V. Makanin‘s novel The Underground, or the Hero of Our Time (1998). This is a soliloquium novel. It is shown how the appearance of the trickster hero, who is aware of his connection with the myth, helps to solve the tragic issues facing the consciousness of the turn of the XX-XXI centuries. The life – affirming, vital potential of the image of the main character of the novel – Petrovich is considered, the inherent possibilities, means of awareness and representation of the tragic are revealed. The paper examines the intertextual field of the character’s image, including the archetypes of “naked man”, “little man”, “extra man” and “underground man”, who made up the canon of Russian classics. The reinterpretation of archetypes is the realization of the author’s attempt, his hero, to “push” Russia into the next century, free from the dictates of the literary canon, opening up the prospect of finding one’s own Word as a self-determination of an individual in the new century.

scholarly journals “Investigation of Talent” in the Debate of Nikolay Dobrolyubov with Fedor Dostoevsky

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-143
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Viktorovich
Keyword(s):  
Self Determination ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Unknown Source ◽  
The Aesthetic

<p>The article analyzes the interpretation of F.&nbsp;M.&nbsp;Dostoevsky&rsquo;s novel <em>Humiliated and Insulted</em>, proposed by N.&nbsp;A.&nbsp;Dobrolyubov in his essay <em>Downtrodden people</em> (1861). The interpretation of the images of Ivan Petrovich, Prince Valkovsky (an unknown source of his philosophy of egoism, La Rochefoucauld&rsquo;s <em>Maxims</em>, is introduced into scientific circulation), Nelly is of particular importance, as well as the question posed by the critic about the main character of the novel. The mutual understanding&nbsp; between the author and the critic comes to an end when their axiologically opposed contexts of understanding come into force. The novel of forgiveness&nbsp;/ unforgiveness is interpreted by the critic as the novel of downtroddenness&nbsp;/ protest. Having discovered the energy of moral and social nonconformism in Dostoevsky&rsquo;s novel, Dobrolyubov redirected it from the &ldquo;native&rdquo; moral and social channel to his own, social and moral, one. The essay of the critic who created his own version of the novel and writer&rsquo;s previous works, thereby contributed to the aesthetic and ideological self-determination of Dostoevsky.</p>

scholarly journals PLOT ELEMENTS AND MOTIVES OF THE NOVEL “CHEVENGUR” IN PLATONOV’S SHORT STORY “POTUDAN RIVER”

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-55
Author(s):  
N. Mikhaylovna Malygina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Love Story ◽  
Planetary Scale ◽  
The Family ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Eugene Onegin ◽  
Intertextual Connections ◽  
First Time

The relevance of the article is determined by the researcher of the semantic poetics of Platonov’s story “Potudan River”. We carry out an analytical review of the lifetime criticism and articles of modern researchers about the story, on the basis of which we formulate the purpose of the study, due to the need for a new approach to the interpretation of the work and the identification of the principles of its poetics. The novelty of the article is determined by the identification of the multilayered symbolism of the title of the story, which allows to establish the insufficiency of the conclusions that the content of the “Potudan River” is limited to the family theme. At the level of micropoetics we reveal symbolic details that connect the content of the story with the motive of love for the distant, medical and construction subjects and revealing the planetary scale of the author’s thinking. For the first time, it was established that Platonov’s story “Potudan River” was written based on part of the plot of the novel “Chevengur” – the love story of Alexander Dvanov and Sonya Mandrova. We show that the heroes of the story “Potudan River” Nikita Firsov, Lyuba Kuznetsova and Nikita’s father are doubles of the characters in the novel “Chevengur” by Sasha Dvanov, Sonya Mandrova, and Zakhar Pavlovich. The connection of the image of Lyuba with the archetype of the bride is considered. The paper reveals for the first time the intertextual connections of the story “Potudan River” with the poem “The Bronze Horseman” and the novel in verse “Eugene Onegin” by A. Pushkin, in the texts of which the writer found material for modeling the ordinary fate of the hero. Multi-level connections of the content of the story “Potudan River” with Platonov’s artistic world, which is a complete metatext, are found, which opens up new opportunities for determining the role of the editing technique and the principles of returning to the plots and motives of the works of the 1920s, as well as their transformation in the writer’s work of the 1930s.

scholarly journals The Concept of “Thrownness” in Algis Budrys's Short Story “Wall of Crystal, Eye of Night”

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (45) ◽  
pp. 111-121
Author(s):  
Svetozar Poštič
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Meaning Of Life ◽  
Literary Analysis ◽  
Being And Time ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Physical Frailty ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
German Philosopher

This paper analyses the concept of thrownness and the related notions of immediacy and actuality in a 1961 short science fiction story “Wall of Crystal, Eye of Night” by Algis Budrys. It first defines the concept of thrownness (Geworfenheit), created and coined by the German philosopher Martin Heidegger in his classic book Being and Time, and it explains how this notion can be employed in literary analysis in general and applied to this work in particular. The article then analyses how certain stylistic devices in the short story, namely similes, change of pace and the presentation of an inner conflict in the main character, contribute to the feeling of authenticity. In other words, it attempts to exhibit the means used in a prose work to make it seem more realistic and immediate. Finally, the work also argues that science fiction is in many ways more real than other fictional works. Although it belongs to the genre that has traditionally been denied serious literary merit, the novel view and interpretation of this story aims to disclose new horizons of artistic expression that illuminate human mental and physical frailty and stimulate a valuable inquiry into the meaning of life.

scholarly journals The Image of Laurence in the Novel Simone de Beauvoir "Magic Pictures"

2019 ◽  
pp. 400-407
Author(s):  
Svitlana Kryvoruchko ◽  
Tatiana Fomenko
Keyword(s):  
Feminist Criticism ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Simone De Beauvoir ◽  
French Writer ◽  
The Status ◽  
Inferiority Complex ◽  
Artistic Images

Self-determination of a woman is important for her self-realization at the beginning of the XXI century. A modern woman successfully combines two careers. She presents herself as a specialist and wife / mother. French writer S de Beauvoir drew attention to this in her novel "Magic Pictures" in 1966. Her heroines make it possible to understand the psychological problems of women. The classification of archetypes of goddesses in accordance with the stereotypes of modern women was applied. This concept logically complements feminist criticism and helps to investigate the way the archetypes of the goddesses are manifested in the images, respectively, "feminine", "feminist" and "female" concepts. This will contribute to the clarification of the parable in the works of S. de Beauvoir. S. de Beauvoir uses psychoanalytic approaches to distinguish conscious and unconscious in heroines of literary works, and great attention is paid to unconscious motives and feelings. The writer distinguishes psychoanalytic symptoms, conditions of women to display their personal "psychodrama", which is reflected in literary conflicts. S. de Beauvoir interprets conflicts as external and internal. During the analyses of the writer’s works we also differentiate the conscious and unconscious in her heroines, observe conflicts between men and women, between generations, between the desires of one person, in order to understand better the "mental" state, which promotes character’s development as an existant. The writer made an extremely important artistic and aesthetic contribution into the creation of "feminine" artistic images, which reveals the archetype of Aphrodite, that through the issue of choice introduces the idea of the importance of "love", deprives of feelings and the status of the "Оther" as an inferiority complex, reaching the level of self-realization of an existant.S. de Beauvoir explores the phenomenon of literary existentialism as a problem of choice which a character has to face and contributes to its evolution. S. de Beauvoir’s creation of influential characters, according to "feminine" concept, achieves the highest resonance in the mid ХХ century and extends to the beginning of ХХ–XXI century.

scholarly journals “Rostov Text” and Context of A.T. Averchenko’s Creativity between 1918-1919th

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-179
Author(s):  
Viktoria D. Milenko
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Feature ◽  
Local History ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Editorial Office ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Local Newspaper ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City

The author of the article for the first time refers to a little-known period in the biography of the writer-humorist A.T. Averchenko, who visited the Don in 1918-1919th. Cooperating with the local newspaper “Priazov Region”, Averchenko created a multi-genre “Rostov text”, which now numbers 26 publications and served as the material for the study. The biographical context allows to recreate publications in the magazines “New Satyricon”, “Theatrical Courier”, “The Don Wave”, the writer’s archive, memoirs of his contemporaries, etc. The relevance of the topic of the article is due to both the need for a scientific study of the biography of the emigrant writer and the tasks of literary local history, in particular, the possible perpetuation of Averchenko´s name in Rostov-on-Don (for example, with the memorial plaque on the building of the former editorial office of “Priazov Region”). Having indicated the characteristic feature of Averchenko’s creative path – touring activities – the author of the article sets the dates of his concerts in Rostov-on-Don in 1912, 1914, 1918, names the addresses (Asmolovsky theater, cafe “Empire”, theater “Grotesque”, etc.) and contacts in the civil and military spheres of the city. For the first time Averchenko’s way from Petrograd to the south in 1918 is reconstructed in details, the reasons of his departure from the capital are in many ways illuminated in a new way, littleknown data about his wife, opera singer E.F. Petrenko are introduced into scientific circulation. The reviews of the Averchenko´s Rostov concerts of humor are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the civic self-determination of the writer, who for the first time found himself in the epicenter of the White Movement on the Don and supported it. Averchenko’s further social activities in Crimea are largely characterized as a logical continuation of the Rostov period, which together explains the reasons of his emigration.

scholarly journals Entianin, a Novel Subtilin-Like Lantibiotic fromBacillus subtilissubsp.spizizeniiDSM 15029Twith High Antimicrobial Activity

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 1698-1707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian W. Fuchs ◽  
Thorsten W. Jaskolla ◽  
Sophie Bochmann ◽  
Peter Kötter ◽  
Thomas Wichelhaus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Posttranslational Modifications ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Antibiotic Activity ◽  
The Novel ◽  
High Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Envelope Stress ◽  
Reporter Systems ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACTLantibiotics, such as nisin and subtilin, are lanthionine-containing peptides that exhibit antimicrobial as well as pheromone-like autoinducing activity. Autoinduction is specific for each lantibiotic, and reporter systems for nisin and subtilin autoinduction are available. In this report, we used the previously reported subtilin autoinduction bioassay in combination with mass spectrometric analyses to identify the novel subtilin-like lantibiotic entianin fromBacillus subtilissubsp.spizizeniiDSM 15029T. Linearization of entianin using Raney nickel-catalyzed reductive cleavage enabled, for the first time, the use of tandem mass spectrometry for the fast and efficient determination of an entire lantibiotic primary structure, including posttranslational modifications. The amino acid sequence determined was verified by DNA sequencing of theetnSstructural gene, which confirmed that entianin differs from subtilin at 3 amino acid positions. In contrast toB. subtilisATCC 6633, which produces only small amounts of unsuccinylated subtilin,B. subtilisDSM 15029Tsecretes considerable amounts of unsuccinylated entianin. Entianin was very active against several Gram-positive pathogens, such asStaphylococcus aureusandEnterococcus faecalis.The growth-inhibiting activity of succinylated entianin (S-entianin) was much lower than that of unsuccinylated entianin: a 40-fold higher concentration was required for inhibition. For succinylated subtilin (S-subtilin), a concentration 100-fold higher than that of unsuccinylated entianin was required to inhibit the growth of aB. subtilistest strain. This finding was in accordance with a strongly reduced sensing of cellular envelope stress provided by S-entianin relative to that of entianin. Remarkably, S-entianin and S-subtilin showed considerable autoinduction activity, clearly demonstrating that autoinduction and antibiotic activity underlie different molecular mechanisms.

scholarly journals THE MEANING OF LIFE AS A PHILOSOPHICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL PROBLEM IN THE CONTEXT OF AXIOLOGICAL EXPLICATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (40) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Igor Sukhina
Keyword(s):  
Meaning Of Life ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Essential Characteristic ◽  
Basic Meaning ◽  
Life Values ◽  
And Performance

A conceptualized axiological expression of the meaning of life as an essential characteristic of human being is presented. Accordingly, the actual value and content of the matter is emphasized. The primacy of the problem of understood self-determination for human existence is shown. Classification of basic meaning values is considered, and their axiological analysis is carried out. The idea of a well-understood determination of human existence in its personified certainty, viability and performance, which is up-to-date by the highest values, is carried out.Keywords: Person, Personality, Human Being, Value, Sense, Meaning, Importance, Meaning of Life, Values of Meaning of Life.

scholarly journals ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS VALUES REPRESENTED BY MAIN CHARACTERS AND PORTRAYED OF ISLAM WITHIN BUMI CINTA

MIMESIS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Wiwiek Afifah
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Research Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Making Meaning ◽  
Good People ◽  
Negative Perceptions

Negative perceptions toward Islam are increasing because of the emergence of various issues in intolerance. On the other hand, an Islamic novel entitled Bumi Cintais full of virtuous capturing from the representation of the main character. Therefore, this study aims to find out the religious values and Islamic representations. The research method is inferential content analysis with the data obtained from the novel. The data procurement includes sampling and determination of the unit then validity of data is done by discussing them to the experts. The technique to analyze the data is classification, making meaning, and inference. Findings of this study are the spirit of seeking knowledge, honesty, discipline in worship, carry out all the religions commands, never surrender when getting problems, patient when facing temptations, stay away from haramfoods, sincere in giving aids, establishing fraternal relations with friends across religions and appeal to do good things. Therefore, from the whole analysis, it can be stated that Islam is a peaceful and tolerance religion that drove its adherents to become good people.  

scholarly journals BARCAROLE PRINCIPLE IN A GENRE-COMPOSITIONAL ORGANIZATION OF “BERESTECHKO” BY LINA KOSTENKO

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-37
Author(s):  
Valentyna Saіenko
Keyword(s):  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Historical Novel ◽  
Central Character ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Character ◽  
World Culture ◽  
Music And Literature ◽  
Time Flow ◽  
Musical Genres ◽  
First Time

The paper deals with a historical novel in verse by the celebrated modern Ukrainian writer Lina Kostenko, for the first time analyzing it totally in a synesthetic way — through the component of musicality (namely barcarole principle of poetic creativity). The folklore origins of barcarole in the world culture have been traced, as well as the peculiarities of the absorption of the genre by professional music and literature, especially Ukrainian. Formation of the genre in the creative work of the author of “Berestechko”, who is the poet of a special musical feeling, deserves special attention. Barcarole is one of the forms of modernity in the creative thinking of Lina Kostenko; it is a natural writer’s way of perceiving reality and transforming it into an aesthetic system of artistic work (both in poems and the novel in verse). Being inclined to poetically adopt chamber and solo musical genres, the poetess creates a special voice polyphony in “Berestechko”, where each sense construct of a modern unity, i. e. novel lyric epos and barcarole, sounds both separately and complementarily, and the part of a protagonist merges into “I” of a speaker. The compositional function of barcarole in “Berestechko” is the modeling of a central character of the text. It is hetman Bohdan Khmelnytskyi, spiritually undermined by the recent defeat. The barcarole elements are used for constructing the author’s version of this failure and its consequences, which spread around Ukraine as circles on water; absorbing a soothing rhythm of a song, which can cure the soul with love; shaping the architectonics of the text in the form of 'splashes'-'circles' with poly-functional titles and subtexts. In the genre structure of the novel, barcarole is essential both in the development of the theme and its stylistic implementation. In the unity of the work, one may notice “prelude”, the main part, and “postlude”, each part with its artistic sense. The images typical for a barcarole — water, boat, song, woman, love, etc. — are designed in accordance with the agrarian microcosm of the main character and its symbolic senses. Time flow, self-immersion, and love do not only spiritually heal hetman Bohdan Khmelnytskyi, but give his life a direction and endow his figure with grandeur. The neoromantic potential of barcarole and the novel in verse correspond well and join in the final coda about the unshakable courage and heroism of the Ukrainian warriors. 

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