scholarly journals Pathological Features of Bovine Pericardium Implanted Into Mice Abdominal Wall after Preservation with Glutaraldehyde or Glycerin

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Cláudia Borges Costa ◽  
Marta Fernanda Albuquerque da Silva ◽  
Gisele Braziliano de Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Biological Materials ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Tissue Reaction ◽  
Bovine Pericardium ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Cell Destruction ◽  
Tissue Reactions

Background: Lately, the use of biological materials has been widely indicated in surgical procedures to restore structure and function of injured tissues. Bioimplants require different conservation techniques; among these, glutaraldehyde preservation stands out owing to its higher antimicrobial efficiency as compared to glycerin. In view of the need to determine a concentration of glutaraldehyde that can act as a biocide but do not cause undesirable tissue reactions, this study aimed to identify and quantify gross and microscopic tissue alterations after implantation of bovine pericardium, which was preserved in various concentrations of glutaraldehyde, in the abdominal wall of mice.Materials, Methods & Results: Fresh pericardia from 18 bovines were fractioned into 1cm2 samples and treated with a 98% glycerin solution for 30 days (control group), or 0.625%, 1%, and 1.5% glutaraldehyde solution for 18 days (experimental groups). An abdominal muscle fragment was excised from each mouse, and a 1-cm2 fragment of preserved pericardium was implanted in the area. Sixty mice (n = 15 per treatment) divided into groups were observed for 7, 14, and 30 days, and five animals from each group were euthanized at each time point for gross and microscopic examination. Fragments of the implants and adjacent skin lesions were harvested, fixed in formalin, and processed for routine histology and microscopic analysis. Both the type of inflammatory infiltrate and the repair process of the tissue response were similar between the groups that received glycerin-preserved pericardium and those that were subjected to pericardium preserved with 0.625% glutaraldehyde. Animals that received 1% glutaraldehyde-preserved implants and were examined 30 days thereafter exhibited a chronic, intense reaction with fibrosis and necrosis of the abdominal wall muscles, as well as calcification and presence of giant cells, when compared to the animals examined at 7 and 14 days in the same treatment group. These changes were also present and more intense in animals that received 1.5% glutaraldehyde-preserved pericardium examined at 14 and 30 days later, with tissue destruction and impaired incorporation of the implant into the adjacent muscle tissue.Discussion: The continuous cell destruction observed in animals treated with implants preserved with 1% or 1.5% glutaraldehyde is a hallmark of chronic inflammation, since several inflammatory cell molecules contribute to this lesion. A cycle is created: continuous degradation sustains inflammation, and inflammatory molecules contribute to the process of cell destruction. Consequently, we conclude that the use of glutaraldehyde at concentrations of 1 or 1.5% is not feasible for preservation of biological materials. Tissue repair was chronologically more effective in the group treated with glycerinpreserved implants, since animals treated with glutaraldehyde-preserved implants needed a longer period to restore due to presence of a persistent inflammatory response, immunogenicity, calcification, and deficient remodeling.  The ideal preservative for biological materials should not cause chronic and/or intense inflammatory reaction in order to preserve the implant’s structure and allow its perfect incorporation into the tissue, even if the chosen preservative is flexible and exhibits disinfectant properties. Therefore, we conclude that glutaraldehyde at concentrations of 0.625% to 1% is suitable as a preservative for biomaterials because the tissue reaction it causes is tolerable; additionally, glutaraldehyde at concentrations close to 1% has been described to have sterilizing properties.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EFFECT OF “LIGHTWEIGHT” AND “HEAVYWEIGHT” POLYPROPYLENE MESHES ON THE PRO-CESSES OF ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL TISSUE REGENERATION WHEN PERFORMING RETROMUSCULAR ALLOGENEOPLASTY

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
V. I. Pyatnochk ◽  
I. Ya. Dzyubanovsʹkyy ◽  
K. S. Volkov
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Polypropylene Mesh ◽  
Anterior Abdominal Wall ◽  
Tissue Reaction ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Lightweight Mesh ◽  
Aseptic Inflammation ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Tissue Reactions

The ultrastructural changes of the tissues of musculo-aponeurotic layer of anterior abdominal wall after implantation of the “lightweight” and “heavyweight” polypropylene meshes into the retrometallic space were studied in the experiment. Significant differences of the tissue reactions at different periods of the experiment on the implanted material were evidenced. The presence of a moderately pronounced inflammatory tissue reaction was noticed on the 14th day of the study in the area of the implantation of the “lightweight” polypropylene mesh compared to the “heavyweight” one: the inflammatory response included acute manifestations of aseptic inflammation with a significant tissue response. On the 28th day of the experiment, in cases of implantation of the “lightweight” mesh, the stabilization of tissue reaction to the implant with reduction of inflammatory changes was observed, as evidenced by a significantly smaller number of leukocyte infiltration sites, a significant improvement in vascularization and development of collagen fibres around the mesh material with fibroblasts, which was not observed in the area of implantation of the “heavyweight” polypropylene mesh. The conducted morphological and ultrastructural studies have prioritized the use of “lightweight” meshes when choosing material to perform allohernioplasty.

scholarly journals Polypropylene meshes coated with chitosan/polyethylene glycol for the reconstruction of the abdominal wall: an experimental study in rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1198-1206
Author(s):  
D.F. Rodrigues ◽  
F.F. Mendes ◽  
R.M. Melo ◽  
L.B. Menezes ◽  
L.L.B. Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Foreign Body ◽  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Foreign Body Reaction ◽  
Tissue Reaction ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histochemical Analysis ◽  
Peritoneal Adhesions ◽  
Tissue Reactions

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to characterize the tissue reactions triggered by the polypropylene mesh coated with chitosan and polyethylene glycol film, and if it’s able to prevent the formation of peritoneal adhesions. Defects in the abdominal wall of rats were induced and polypropylene meshes coated with chitosan/polyethylene glycol (CPEG group, n= 12) and uncoated (PP control group, n= 12) were implanted. On the fourth and forty-fifth postoperative day the formation of adhesion and the tissue reaction to the biomaterial was evaluated through histological and histochemical analysis. The area (P= 0.01) and severity (P= 0.002) of the adhesion was significatively less in the CPEG group. On the fourth day the foreign body reaction was less intense in CPEG group (P= 0.018) and the production of collagen fibers was more intense in this group (P= 0.041). The tissue reactions caused by the biomaterials were similar on the 45th day, with the exception of the high organization of collagen fibers in the CPEG group. The CPEG meshes did not fully prevent the formation of adhesions, but minimized the severity of the process. The foreign body reaction promoted by polypropylene meshes coated with CPEG is less intense than that triggered by uncoated polypropylene meshes.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Cellular Reaction to a Collagen-Based Matrix: An In Vivo Histological and Histomorphometrical Analysis

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Ebele Udeabor ◽  
Carlos Herrera-Vizcaíno ◽  
Robert Sader ◽  
C. James Kirkpatrick ◽  
Sarah Al-Maawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Tissue Reaction ◽  
Implantation Site ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Tissue Reactions ◽  
Post Implantation

The permeability and inflammatory tissue reaction to Mucomaix® matrix (MM), a non- cross-linked collagen-based matrix was evaluated in both ex vivo and in vivo settings. Liquid platelet rich fibrin (PRF), a blood concentrate system, was used to assess its capacity to absorb human proteins and interact with blood cells ex vivo. In the in vivo aspect, 12 Wister rats had MM implanted subcutaneously, whereas another 12 rats (control) were sham-operated without biomaterial implantation. On days 3, 15 and 30, explantation was completed (four rats per time-point) to evaluate the tissue reactions to the matrix. Data collected were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey multiple comparisons tests (GraphPad Prism 8). The matrix absorbed the liquid PRF in the ex vivo study. Day 3 post-implantation revealed mild tissue inflammatory reaction with presence of mononuclear cells in the implantation site and on the biomaterial surface (mostly CD68-positive macrophages). The control group at this stage had more mononuclear cells than the test group. From day 15, multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs) were seen in the implantation site and the outer third of the matrix with marked increase on day 30 and spread to the matrix core. The presence of these CD68-positive MNGCs was associated with significant matrix vascularization. The matrix degraded significantly over the study period, but its core was still visible as of day 30 post-implantation. The high permeability and fast degradation properties of MM were highlighted.

scholarly journals The Addition of High Doses of Hyaluronic Acid to a Biphasic Bone Substitute Decreases the Proinflammatory Tissue Response

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Sieger ◽  
Tadas Korzinskas ◽  
Ole Jung ◽  
Sanja Stojanovic ◽  
Sabine Wenisch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Bone Substitute ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Control Group ◽  
L929 Cells ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Tissue Reactions ◽  
Inflammatory Macrophages

Biphasic bone substitutes (BBS) are currently well-established biomaterials. Through their constant development, even natural components like hyaluronic acid (HY) have been added to improve both their handling and also their regenerative properties. However, little knowledge exists regarding the consequences of the addition of HY to their biocompatibility and the inflammatory tissue reactions. Thus, the present study was conducted, aiming to analyze the influence of two different amounts of high molecular weight HY (HMWHY), combined with a BBS, on in vitro biocompatibility and in vivo tissue reaction. Established in vitro procedures, using L929 cells, were used for cytocompatibility analyses under the test conditions of DIN EN:ISO 10993-5. For the in vivo part of the study, calvarial defects were created in 20 Wistar rats and subsequently filled with BBS, and BBS combined with two different HMWHY amounts, i.e., BBS + HY(L) and BBS + HY(H). As controls, empty defects were used. Established histological, immunohistochemical, and histomorphometrical methods were applied to analyze the tissue reactions to the three different materials, including the induction of pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages and multinucleated giant cells (BMGCs). The in vitro results showed that none of the materials or compositions caused biological damage to the L929 cells and can be considered to be non-toxic. The in vivo results showed that only the addition of high doses of HY to a biphasic bone substitute significantly decreases the occurrence of pro-inflammatory macrophages (* p < 0.05), comparable to the numbers found in the control group, while no significant differences within the three study groups for M2-macrophages nor BMGCs were detected. In conclusion, the addition of different amounts of HMWHY does not seem to affect the inflammation response to BBS, while improving the material handling properties.

scholarly journals Physical Properties, Antimicrobial Activity and In Vivo Tissue Response to Apexit Plus

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Alameda Hoshino ◽  
Guilherme Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Mateus Machado Delfino ◽  
Juliane Maria Guerreiro-Tanomaru ◽  
Mario Tanomaru-Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Tissue Reaction ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference

We investigated the physical properties, antimicrobial activity, and tissue reaction to Apexit Plus in comparison to Sealapex. Flow, radiopacity, setting time, and solubility were evaluated in each material. The antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis was performed. Polyethylene tubes containing Apexit Plus or Sealapex, and without material (control group) were implanted into the subcutaneous tissue of rats. At 7, 15, 30, and 60 days of implantation, the specimens were paraffin-embedded and the number of inflammatory cells (ICs) and the amount of birefringent collagen (BC) were quantified. The von Kossa reaction followed by immunohistochemistry for detection of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was also performed. Statistical analysis was performed with ANOVA and Tukey test (p ≤ 0.05). The flow value of Apexit Plus was greater than Sealapex, whereas the radiopacity (3.44 mm Al) was lower than Sealapex (6.82 mm Al). Apexit Plus showed lower solubility and shorter initial and final setting (p < 0.0001), whereas the antimicrobial activity was significantly greater than Sealapex. Although the number of ICs was higher in Apexit Plus (p = 0.0009) at 7 days, no significant difference was detected between Apexit Plus and Sealapex at 15, 30, and 60 days. All groups showed higher values for BC in the capsules over time. ALP-immunolabelled cells were observed, mainly around von Kossa-positive structures, either in the capsules of Apexit Plus or Sealapex. Therefore, our results revealed that Apexit Plus exhibited a greater effectiveness against Enterococcus faecalis and better physical properties than Sealapex, except for the radiopacity. In vivo findings indicate that Apexit Plus is biocompatible and presents potential bioactivity in the subcutaneous tissue.

scholarly journals Silicone-covered biodegradable magnesium-stent insertion in the esophagus: a comparison with plastic stents

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue-Qi Zhu ◽  
Kai Yang ◽  
Laura Edmonds ◽  
Li-Ming Wei ◽  
Reila Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radial Force ◽  
Tissue Reaction ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Esophageal Injury ◽  
Plastic Stents ◽  
Esophageal Wall ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stent Insertion ◽  
Biodegradable Magnesium

Background: We determined the feasibility of, and tissue response to silicone-covered biodegradable magnesium- and plastic-stent insertion into the esophagus in rabbits. Methods: The mechanical compression–recovery characteristics and degradation behaviors of the magnesium stent were investigated in vitro. A total of 45 rabbits were randomly divided into a magnesium- ( n = 15) and a plastic- ( n = 15) stent group, and underwent stent insertion into the lower third of the esophagus under fluoroscopic guidance; a control group ( n = 15) did not undergo the intervention. Esophagography was performed at 1, 2, and 4 weeks. Five rabbits in each group were euthanized at each time point for histological examination. Results: Silicone-covered magnesium stents showed similar radial force to plastic stents ( p > 0.05). The magnesium stents degraded rapidly in an acidic solution, but 90.2% ± 3.1% of the residual mass was maintained after a 2-week degradation in a solution with a pH of 4.0. All stent insertions were well tolerated. Magnesium stents migrated in six rabbits (one at 1 week, one at 2 weeks and four at 4 weeks), and plastic stents migrated in three rabbits (one at 2 weeks and two at 4 weeks; p > 0.05). Esophageal wall remodeling (thinner epithelial and smooth muscle layers) was similar in both stented groups ( p > 0.05), and the esophagus wall was found to be significantly thinner in the stented groups than in the control group ( p < 0.05). Esophageal injury and collagen deposition following stent insertion were similar and did not differ from the control group ( p > 0.05). Conclusions: Esophageal silicone-covered magnesium stents provided reliable support for at least 2 weeks, with acceptable migration rates and without causing severe injury or tissue reaction compared with plastic stents.

scholarly journals Tissue toxicity of root canal sealers

2004 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Vujaskovic ◽  
Dragoljub Bacetic
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Tissue Reaction ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Control Material ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Subcutaneous Connective Tissue ◽  
Tissue Reactions ◽  
Root Canal Sealers ◽  
Observation Period

The aim of this study was to evaluate tissue response to root canal sealers Tubuliseal and Sealapex. The sealers were freshly mixed and injected in the dorsal subcutaneous connective tissue of 12 Wistar rats.The observation periods were 7 days, 21days and 60 days. Four operative areas were formed ( 2 for test sealers, Tubliseal or Sealapex and 2 for control material) on each animal. Tissue sections were taken from selected sites. Each section included skin, subcutaneous connective tissue and underlying muscle tissue.All blocks were processed with the use of standardized histological procedures.The tissue reactions were studied under light microscopy. Different grades of tissue reaction to the tested materials were recorded as mild, moderate or severe inflammation. After seven days both root canal sealers showed severe inflammatory reaction of connective tissue in experimental animals.Tubuliseal caused prolonged moderate and mild inflammation. Sealapex caused mild inflammation which diminished at the end of the observation period. The results of this study demonstrated that Sealapex was better tolerated by tissue than Tubliseal.

scholarly journals Study of Biointegration and Tissue Reaction of Polyethylene Terephtalate 3D and Polypropylene Surgical Meshes in Rat Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-200
Author(s):  
Zalan Benedek ◽  
Orsolya Hanko Bauer ◽  
Sorin Sorlea ◽  
Marius Florin Coros ◽  
Tibor Mezei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polypropylene Mesh ◽  
Surgical Mesh ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Tissue Reaction ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Control Group ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
3D Mesh ◽  
Polyethylene Terephtalate ◽  
Surgical Meshes

The aim of this experimental study is to compare the biointegration and tissue response to different surgical mesh types, inserted in various layers of the abdominal wall of Wistar rats. After 30 days, the rats were sacrificed and the meshes were removed en bloc with the subcutaneous tissue, muscular layer and peritoneum. Tissue response (fibrosis, inflammation) was measured using quantitative and semi-quantitative morphometry. We observed that polyethylene terephthalate 3D mesh induces significantly more fibrosis compared to polypropylene mesh and the fibrosis is absent or minimal in case of the control group. Tissue reaction, including fibrosis, is reduced around the polypropylene mesh. We also observed that fibrosis is more intense towards aponeurosis and peritoneum. We can conclude that the 3D mesh shows better biointegration if it is used in proper circumstances. It�s well tolerated by the organism if sutured to the aponeurosis and preferable with monofilament stitches.

scholarly journals Effects of non-specific immunopotentiators in experimental Schistosoma mansoni infection: II. Corynebacterium parvum

1996 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 359-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirte M Teixeira ◽  
Eridan M Coutinho ◽  
Frederico G.C. Abath ◽  
Silvia M.L. Montenegro
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Liver Perfusion ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Tissue Reaction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Corynebacterium Parvum ◽  
Host Protection ◽  
Tissue Reactions ◽  
And Control

The effects of Corynebacterium parvum on host protection, tissue reaction and "in vivo" chemotaxis in Schistosoma mansoni infected mice were studied. The C. parvum was given intraperitoneally using a dose of 0.7 mg, twice a week (for 4 weeks), thirty days before (prophylactic treatment) or after infection (curative treatment). The host protection was evaluated through the recovery of adult worms by liver perfusion and was lower in the prophylactic group as compared to the control group (p = 0.018), resulting in 44% protection. The "in vivo" leukocyte response in both prophylactic and curative groups was higher as compared to the infected/non treated group (p = 0.009 and p = 0.003, respectively). Tissue reactions were described in the experimental and control groups, but there were not remarkable differences among them. The possible biological implications and relevance of the findings for the defensive response of the host and control of schistosomiasis are discussed.

scholarly journals Engineering of Skeletal Muscle Tissue Using Myoblast-Seeded Bovine Pericardium for Reconstruction of Abdominal Wall Defect in a Rabbit Model

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 9-21
Author(s):  
T. Ayele ◽  
A.B.Z. Zuki ◽  
M.M. Noordin ◽  
B.M.A. Noorjahan
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Abdominal Wall Defect ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Bovine Pericardium ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Abdominal Wall Defects

A novel tissue engineered construct was used to engineer skeletal muscle tissue for reconstruction of abdominal wall defects, which is a common challenge to surgeons, due to insufficient autogenous tissue. Myoblasts were isolated from soleus muscle fibers, seeded onto the scaffold and cultivated in vitro for 5 days. Full-thickness abdominal wall defects (3 x 4 cm) were created in 18 male New Zealand white rabbits and randomly divided into two equal groups (n=9 each). The defects of the first group were repaired with myoblast seeded bovine pericardium (treatment group) whereas the second group involved non-seeded bovine pericardium (control group). Three animals were sacrificed at 7, 14, and 30 days post-implantation from each group and the explanted specimens were subjected to macroscopic, light, fluorescence and electron microscopic analysis. In each case, the tissue engineered construct was thicker from deposition of newly formed collagen with neo-vascularisation, than the control group. Most importantly, multinucleated myotubes and myofibers were only detected in the treatment group. Therefore, this study demonstrates that myoblast-seeded bovine pericardium construct can provide a structural replacement for severe and large abdominal wall defects with profound regeneration of skeletal muscle tissues.

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