scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES OF ENTERPRISES OF THE OIL AND GAS CHEMICAL COMPLEX

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulnaz M. Galeeva ◽  
Elena N. Zagladina
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Market ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Challenging Situation

This paper considers the problems and dynamics of investment activities of enterprises in the Russian economy. In the current context oil and gas companies have got in to a challenging situation against the background of their competitiveness in the world market. Balance between supply and demand has been changed in the course of shale revolution in the United States, due to Iran’s coming back to the world’s oil market and “market share retention” policy being pursued by the countries – OPEC members. The paper specially consider Tatneft, since it plays an important part in the national, economic, political, public and social life of the Republic of Tatarstan. The Company’s stable operation in strategic raw materials extraction, its budgetary and hard-currency injections warrant progressive and harmonious development of the Republic. The most important factor for the investing activity it the international agreements of cooperation in oil and gas sector.

Guest Editorial: How To Meet Declining Oil Demand

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (06) ◽  
pp. 10-11
Author(s):  
Dwayne Purvis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
The United States ◽  
Peak Oil ◽  
Oil Supply ◽  
Demand Growth ◽  
The World ◽  
Oil Demand ◽  
Percentage Basis

As the world reaches a tipping point in its will to address climate change, the industry must find a new way forward, especially in the United States. Many are right to say that oil and gas are not going away; the transition is planned to take 30 years or more and will not decline to zero production. This fact, though, obscures the reality that peaking, then declining, demand for oil—gas is another story—will structurally change and globally redistribute the industry’s exploration and employment. The story of oil supply and demand began its race to the top 150 years ago. “Shortage” and “glut” have meant that paired growth got out of sync, not that there was a real loss of production. For many decades the world has needed about 1 million B/D more each year than the previous year, but on a percentage basis growth has slowed. At the same time supply from previous years declines about 5 to 6% per year, arguably higher in recent years. The treadmill for new supply has been running hot for decades. All major public forecasts in the past year call for oil demand to plateau between now and about 2030 when accounting for ongoing changes to policy. (To be clear, some show a peak in the 2030s in “business as usual” cases, but they also show even sooner peaks if policy and demand changes accelerate). BP’s Energy Outlook 2020 from last fall took the bold—and well-argued—position that peak oil demand is today and that it is only a question of how fast demand declines. “Peak” demand isn’t really a peak like the Matterhorn; it is flatter like a weathered jebel. We know this from the example of the peak oil demand experienced by the developed world. We also know from that experience that forecasting agencies failed to predict the peak OECD oil demand in 2005 literally by decades even as demand turned down. Reversal of demand growth presents a figurative and mathematical inflection point. Though existing production continues, growth becomes negative, and the pace of the new-supply treadmill plummets. When the need for new supply approximately halves, the Pareto principle tells us that the number of new projects required will fall more than half. Thus, the need for those industry professionals preferentially tasked with finding new oil supply—geophysicists, exploration geologists, drillers, reservoir engineers, landmen—may fall quickly. Other disciplines like operations that service existing production will face only the headwinds of cost reductions and then the long, slow slide toward mid-century targets. The United States via its swarm of large and small companies has dominated the global supply story for more than a decade with its unique shale revolution, but it had previously shriveled to a second-tier producer. Fig. 1 shows 55 years of oil production history. Fig. 1a shows the US supply deconstructed to its functional parts while Fig. 1b shows ascendent producers on the same scales.

Technology, Inventing, and Patenting

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic World ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Atlantic Seaboard ◽  
The Impact

The classic narrative of technology, invention, and patenting in the Atlantic world before 1850 focused on the industrialization of the Atlantic seaboard in Britain and the United States, with the adoption of mechanized cotton and wool textile production based on water power and then steam power, and on the development of related heavy industries. Other parts of the region appeared mainly as suppliers of raw materials, such as cotton from the American South, or as markets for the products of mechanized manufacture. While still a powerful narrative, most recent scholarship has reassessed or nuanced key elements, moving away from the traditional story of “heroic” inventors and toward more complex stories of supply and demand, including the capacity of economies and societies in the Atlantic world to supply the technical, commercial, and financial skills needed for invention and innovation, and the changing patterns of consumption and retail that created demand. Attention has also focused on innovation in other sectors, including armament production, transportation and public utilities, and the impact that innovation had upon the lives of those involved in it. Equally important has been a wider regional focus that now includes the southern territories of the Americas as important sites for innovation. Both Adam Smith and Karl Marx dismissed these areas of plantation agriculture as inefficient and irrelevant, a dead end compared to the centers of commerce and industry. Recent work has revised this by demonstrating the quasi-industrial processes required to process sugar, cotton, tobacco, indigo, and other tropical commodities; the scope for technological improvement; and the vast profits that enabled planters to invest in this technology. Leading plantation colonies such as Jamaica in the 18th century and Cuba in the early 19th century were among the first adopters of the steam engine outside Europe, where it had an equally transformative social and economic impact.

STATE, TRENDS, AND STRUCTURE OF THE WORLD NANO-POWDER MARKET

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malyshev ◽  
Kushchevska ◽  
Bruskova
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Market ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World

The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the global nanopowder market. Materials and methods. The study used such research methods as system-logical method, method of statistical generalization, comparative and factor analysis. Research results. It is known that nanopowders are obtained by chemical, physical, physico-chemical and mechanical methods. One of the major problems in the production of nanopowders is the tendency of nanoparticles to form aggregates and agglomerates that complicate the production of compact materials. To overcome the forces of agglomeration, a mechanical force or an increase in the sintering temperature must be applied. According to estimates from the consulting company Lux Research, in 2012, the nanotechnology market was $ 190.3 billion. Its annual growth is 15-17%. The world market leaders are the United States ($ 59 billion), Europe ($ 47 billion) and the Asia Pacific region ($ 9.4 billion). The US is the leader in both the commercial market and the number of publications (about 25,000 in 2015) and patents in nanotechnology (45% of patents). Following the results of 2015, more than $1.4 trillion worth of nanotechnology products were manufactured. In the structure of production of nanoproducts the chemical industry, scientific researches (intermediary products, as a rule, not serial) and electronics are leading. Global investments in nanotechnology in 2015 totaled $ 18.1 billion. This indicator increased by 18% compared to 2013. Corporate investments ($ 8.6 billion) became the main source of financing (public - only $ 8.3 billion). The leaders in terms of public investment are the US and the EU. Experts estimate that, by 2020, investment leadership may shift to Japan. Today, the leader in the nanomaterials market is the United States with a projected revenue level of 2018 of $ 1.46 billion. The main products on the world market for nanopowders are metal oxide powders. In the product group of metal oxides 4/5 the production volume accounts for the three most common types of raw materials: silica (SiO2), titanium dioxide (TiO2) and alumina (Al2O3). At the same time, silica occupies more than half of all production, alumina - 18% and titanium dioxide - 10%. The most available oxides are oxides of iron, zinc, cerium, zirconium, cuprum, magnesium, yttrium. The most complex oxides and mixtures are: tin oxide, barium titanate, cobalt carbide, silicon nitride and indium tin oxide. An analysis of the patents presented for nanopowder research has shown that the most promising area of ​​scientific development is aluminum and precious metal nanopowders. Conclusions. Analysis of the world nanopowder market makes it possible to identify the following indicators that characterize its development: the common problem in the nanomaterials market is high cost of production, low volume of production and accessibility for the end consumer; the most developed nanopowder markets: USA, Europe and Asia-Pacific; projected growth rates during 2015-2020 The three largest components of the nanomaterials market: energy, production of catalysts, structural materials - 60%, 13% and 30% respectively; production of metal oxide products prevails in the world market of nanopowders; the most common types of raw materials: silica) - more than half of all production, titanium dioxide - 10% and alumina - 18%.

scholarly journals New Industrial Conditions of Sustainable Development of Mineral Resource Dependent Russian Economy in High Volatility Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 04049
Author(s):  
Tatiana Skryl ◽  
Evgeniya Shavina ◽  
Elena Dotsenko
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
World Market ◽  
Industrial Transformation ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
High Volatility ◽  
New Industrialization ◽  
Positive Results

The conditions for the transition to sustainable development and new industrial transformation for resource-dependent countries are closely linked. With the increasing volatility of the world market of raw materials and finance, the innovative modernization of the extractive industries, as the basis of the new industrialization of the economy, is experiencing significant difficulties. The article analyzes the problems of transition of the resource-dependent Russian economy to sustainable development, associated with the slowdown of the process of new industrialization in the context of the world market volatility. The authors assessed the new industrialization of the Russian economy following the 5-year period of sanctions imposed by Western countries. The article provides a theoretical review of the concept of the influence of sanctions on transition to sustainable development. The authors concluded that the mineral resources export-oriented strategy of the Russian economy still gives positive results, although the internal structure of the Russian economy has not changed significantly.

scholarly journals Factors That Will Influence Oil and Gas Supply and Demand in the 21st Century

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Holditch ◽  
Russell R. Chianelli
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
High Stress ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
High Pressure High Temperature ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Oil Gas

AbstractA recent report published by the National Petroleum Council (NPC) in the United States predicted a 50–60% growth in total global demand for energy by 2030. Because oil, gas, and coal will continue to be the primary energy sources during this time, the energy industry will have to continue increasing the supply of these fuels to meet this increasing demand. Achieving this goal will require the exploitation of both conventional and unconventional reservoirs of oil and gas in an environmentally acceptable manner. Such efforts will, in turn, require advancements in materials science, particularly in the development of materials that can withstand high-pressure, high-temperature, and high-stress conditions.

Thoughts on Unconventional Oil and Gas Development in China

2011 ◽  
Vol 121-126 ◽  
pp. 3034-3038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Xu Guan ◽  
Yi Xuan Fan ◽  
Qiang Cao
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
The United States ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Coal Bed ◽  
Tight Sandstone ◽  
Oil And Gas Development ◽  
Natural Gas Development ◽  
Unconventional Natural Gas ◽  
Unconventional Oil And Gas

With the era of high oil prices and prominent contradict between domestic oil and gas supply and demand, a boom of unconventional natural gas development has set off. While a major success of shale gas development has been made in the United States, it has also brought a successful experience and advanced technology to China. China also have carried out deep research and have achieved certain results in coal bed methane and tight sandstone gas, etc. However, difficulties and problems faced in the development process need to be carefully dealt with .

scholarly journals FOREIGN INVESTMENTS IN THE RUSSIAN OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 199-205
Author(s):  
Svetlana Shumilova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Current Price

Foreign investment is the driving force behind the development of the Russian oil and gas complex and the economy as a whole. This was the case until 2014; the current situation has changed somewhat: the inflow of foreign investment in the Russian energy sector is complicated not only by the imposed sanctions, but also by the main obstacle - instability of world energy prices. The current price conjuncture, as well as the situation with supply and demand, is pushing foreign investors to reduce investment proposals. The article analyzes the dynamics, species and sectoral structure of annual flows of foreign investment in the Russian economy, which allows to identify the main trends in attracting foreign capital in the past few years. In the Russian economy, at the moment, the most attractive areas for foreign investors are mining, manufacturing, wholesale and retail trade. These economic activities account for more than 60% of the total foreign investment.

scholarly journals MILES SHEROVER AS A SALES AGENT OF REPUBLICAN SPAIN IN THE UNITED STATES IN 1937-1938

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (07) ◽  
pp. 58-69
Author(s):  
V.V. Inviyaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Foreign Minister ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spanish American ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Sales Agent

The article describes the activities of Miles Sherover, an American entrepreneur, president of the Hanover Sales Corporation, who served as a sales agent of the Spanish Republic in the United States in 1937-1938. During the study period, M. Sherover, being authorized by the Government of the Second Republic, participated in a number of initiatives of the leadership of the Spanish Republic, such as Spanish-American negotiations on the security of the finances and property of American companies in Spain and the sale of silver reserves of the Bank of Spain to the United States in order to pay for the purchase of military equipment, civilian goods and raw materials with the proceeds. In addition to being as a middleman between the Spanish Republic and the United States in the trade, M. Sherover was actively engaged in political activities, the consequences of which discredited the Embassy of the Republic in Washington, as the Spanish Ambassador Fernando de los Rios, who was wary of the entrepreneur, regularly reported to the Prime Minister of the Spanish Republic Juan Negrin and Foreign Minister Julio Alvarez del Vayo. In general, the activities of Miles Sherover were contradictory: in order to help the Second Republic, he was engaged not only in issues of Spanish-American trade during the war, but also was carried out active political activities that went beyond his official powers and put the diplomacy of the Second Republic in the United States in a difficult position

scholarly journals Economic analysis of the factors influencing the supply and demand of raspberry

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1077-1087
Author(s):  
Nemanja Pantić ◽  
Drago Cvijanović ◽  
Nedžad Imamović
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
World Market ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Balance Analysis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Relevant Factors

The subject of this research is the analysis of supply and demand of raspberries on the domestic market in order to performe a balance analysis of products and examine the partial influence of relevant factors on supply and demand. The production and consumption of raspberries in Serbia in the period from 2010-2019 is very dynamic. Raspberry production in the Republic of Serbia has significant comparative advantages compared to production in most other countries. Serbia is considered one of the largest producers of raspberries, but still, regardless of that, its comparative advantages have not been fully valorized and used. The results of the balance analysis of raspberry production and consumption indicate the existence of a surplus and potential for export. The analysis of ANOVA variances established a high correlation dependence and pointed out the need to improve competitiveness in the production of raspberries and final products in order to meet the domestic market and exports to the world market. The obtained results enabled the formulation of regression equations of both the function of raspberry supply and its demand, which can be used to predict these values in the future.

scholarly journals The geopolitics of the European Green Deal

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-235
Author(s):  
Mark Leonard ◽  
◽  
Jean Pisani-Ferry ◽  
Jeremy Shapiro ◽  
Simone Tagliapietra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Energy System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Trade Patterns ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Border Adjustment

The European Green Deal is a plan to decarbonise the EU economy by 2050, revolutionise the EU’s energy system, profoundly transform the economy and inspire efforts to combat climate change. But the plan will also have profound geopolitical repercussions. The Green Deal will affect geopolitics through its impact on the EU energy balance and global markets; on oil and gas-producing countries in the EU neighbourhood; on European energy security; and on global trade patterns, notably via the carbon border adjustment mechanism. At least some of these changes are likely to impact partner countries adversely. The EU needs to wake up to the consequences abroad of its domestic decisions. It should prepare to help manage the geopolitical aspects of the European Green Deal. Relationships with important neighbourhood countries such as Russia and Algeria, and with global players including the United States, China and Saudi Arabia, are central to this effort, which can be structured around seven actions: 1) Help neighbouring oil and gas-exporting countries manage the repercussions of the European Green Deal. The EU should engage with these countries to foster their economic diversification, including into renewable energy and green hydrogen that could in the future be exported to Europe; 2) Improve the security of critical raw materials supply and limit dependence, first and foremost on China. Essential measures include greater supply diversification, increased recycling volumes and substitution of critical materials; 3) Work with the US and other partners to establish a ‘climate club’ whose members will apply similar carbon border adjustment measures. All countries, including China, would be welcome to join if they commit to abide by the club's objectives and rules; 4) Become a global standard-setter for the energy transition, particularly in hydrogen and green bonds. Requiring compliance with strict environmental regulations as a condition to access the EU market will be strong encouragement to go green for all countries; 5) Internationalise the European Green Deal by mobilising the EU budget, the EU Recovery and Resilience Fund, and EU development policy; 6) Promote global coalitions for climate change mitigation, for example through a global coalition for the permafrost, which would fund measures to contain the permafrost thaw; 7) Promote a global platform on the new economics of climate action to share lessons learned and best practices.

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