scholarly journals EKSPLORASI Actinomycetes SEBAGAI KANDIDAT ANTIBAKTERI PATOGEN YANG RESISTEN DARI RHIZOSFER TUMBUHAN LEDA (Eucalyptus deglupta Blume.) DI TAMAN NASIONAL LORE LINDU, INDONESIA

Biocelebes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-267
Author(s):  
Alwi Millang
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Genus Streptomyces ◽  
Antibacterial Compounds ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Central Sulawesi

Actinomycetes that live in the rhizosphere of the Leda plant (Eucalyptus deglupta Blume.) Have the potential to produce pathogenic antibacterial compounds in humans. The ecosystems thought to be inhabited by Actinomycetes that produce pathogenic antibacterial compounds in humans is the rhizosphere of Leda endemic plant in the Lore Lindu National Park, Central Sulawesi. The purpose of this study was to isolate various isolates of Leda plant rhizosphere Actinomycetes in TNLL as a producer of pathogenic antibacterial compounds in humans. This research is divided into several stages. The first stage was sampling, isolation, and screening of Actinomycetes producing human pathogenic antibacterial compounds. Rhizosphere soil samples were taken by purposive sampling method combined with the quadrant method by measuring various environmental factors. The second stage is a selection to analyze the potential and efficacy of Actinomycetes isolates as producing antibacterial compounds against pathogenic bacteria in humans. The results showed that the condition of Leda plant vegetation in the Anaso-Rorekatimbu area was generally the same for each spot and supported the presence of Actinomycetes. The density of Actinomycetes is relatively the same for each spot. As many as 15 isolates were isolated from the Leda rhizosphere of Actinomycetes. Based on spore morphological and biochemical characterization, the 15 isolates were included in the Genus Streptomyces. Actinomycetes isolates L213, L433, and L411 were the most potent isolates and had broad-spectrum inhibition, because they were able to inhibit the four test bacteria S. aureus, MRSA, V. cholera, and EPEC.   Keywords: Actinomycetes, Eucalyptus deglupta Blume., and pathogenic antibacterial

scholarly journals Biochemical Characterization and Functional Analysis of Heat Stable High Potential Protease of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Strain HM48 from Soils of Dachigam National Park in Kashmir Himalaya

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Hina Mushtaq ◽  
Arshid Jehangir ◽  
Shabir Ahmad Ganai ◽  
Saleem Farooq ◽  
Bashir Ahmad Ganai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
National Park ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Western Himalaya ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Protease Gene ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Dachigam National Park

A novel temperature stable alkaline protease yielding bacteria was isolated from the soils of Dachigam National Park, which is known to be inhabited by a wide variety of endemic plant and animal species of Western Himalaya. This high-potential protease producing isolate was characterized and identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain HM48 by morphological, Gram’s staining and biochemical techniques followed by molecular characterization using 16S rRNA approach. The extracellular protease of B. amyloliquefaciens HM48 was purified by precipitating with ammonium sulfate (80%), followed by dialysis and Gel filtration chromatography increasing its purity by 5.8-fold. The SDS–PAGE analysis of the purified enzyme confirmed a molecular weight of about ≈25 kDa. The enzyme displayed exceptional activity in a broad temperature range (10–90 °C) at pH 8.0, retaining its maximum at 70 °C, being the highest reported for this proteolytic Bacillus sp., with KM and Vmax of 11.71 mg/mL and 357.14 µmol/mL/min, respectively. The enzyme exhibited remarkable activity and stability against various metal ions, surfactants, oxidizing agent (H2O2), organic solvents and displayed outstanding compatibility with widely used detergents. This protease showed effective wash performance by exemplifying complete blood and egg-yolk stains removal at 70 °C and efficiently disintegrated chicken feathers making it of vital importance for laundry purpose and waste management. For functional analysis, protease gene amplification of strain HM48 yielded a nucleotide sequence of about 700 bp, which, when checked against the available sequences in NCBI, displayed similarity with subtilisin-like serine protease of B. amyloliquefaciens. The structure of this protease and its highest-priority substrate β-casein was generated through protein modeling. These protein models were validated through futuristic algorithms following which protein–protein (protease from HM48 and β-casein) docking was performed. The interaction profile of these proteins in the docked state with each other was also generated, shedding light on their finer details. Such attributes make this thermally stable protease novel and suitable for high-temperature industrial and environmental applications.

scholarly journals Periplaneta americana Oligosaccharides Exert Anti-Inflammatory Activity through Immunoregulation and Modulation of Gut Microbiota in Acute Colitis Mice Model

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1718
Author(s):  
Kaimin Lu ◽  
Jing Zhou ◽  
Jie Deng ◽  
Yangjun Li ◽  
Chuanfang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Acute Colitis ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disorders (IBD) are increasing around the world due to bacterial infection, abnormal immune response, etc. The conventional medicines for IBD treatment possess serious side effects. Periplaneta americana (P. americana), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used to treat arthritis, fever, aches, inflammation, and other diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of oligosaccharides from P. Americana (OPA) and its possible mechanisms in vivo. OPA were purified and biochemical characterization was analyzed by HPGPC, HPLC, FT-IR, and GC–MS. Acute colitis mice model was established, the acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory activity were tested in vivo. The results showed OPA with molecular mass of 1.0 kDa were composed of 83% glucose, 6% galactose, 11% xylose, and the backbone was (1→4)-Glcp. OPA had potent antioxidant activities in vitro and significantly alleviated the clinical symptoms of colitis, relieved colon damage without toxic side effects in vivo. OPA exhibited anti-inflammatory activity by regulating Th1/Th2, reducing oxidative stress, preserving intestinal barrier integrity, and inhibiting TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB pathway. Moreover, OPA protected gut by increasing microbial diversity and beneficial bacteria, and reducing pathogenic bacteria in feces. OPA might be the candidate of complementary and alternative medicines of IBD with low-cost and high safety.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Compounds from Mushrooms: A Lead to Fight ESKAPEE Pathogenic Bacteria?

Planta Medica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violette Hamers ◽  
Clément Huguet ◽  
Mélanie Bourjot ◽  
Aurélie Urbain
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Antibacterial Compounds ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Hospital Stays ◽  
Antibacterial Potential

AbstractInfectious diseases are among the greatest threats to global health in the 21st century, and one critical concern is due to antibiotic resistance developed by an increasing number of bacterial strains. New resistance mechanisms are emerging with many infections becoming more and more difficult if not impossible to treat. This growing phenomenon not only is associated with increased mortality but also with longer hospital stays and higher medical costs. For these reasons, there is an urgent need to find new antibiotics targeting pathogenic microorganisms such as ESKAPEE bacteria. Most of currently approved antibiotics are derived from microorganisms, but higher fungi could constitute an alternative and remarkable reservoir of anti-infectious compounds. For instance, pleuromutilins constitute the first class of antibiotics derived from mushrooms. However, macromycetes still represent a largely unexplored source. Publications reporting the antibacterial potential of mushroom extracts are emerging, but few purified compounds have been evaluated for their bioactivity on pathogenic bacterial strains. Therefore, the aim of this review is to compile up-to-date data about natural products isolated from fruiting body fungi, which significantly inhibit the growth of ESKAPEE pathogenic bacteria. When available, data regarding modes of action and cytotoxicity, mandatory when considering a possible drug development, have been discussed in order to highlight the most promising compounds.

DAILY ACTIVITY OF JUVENILE JAVAN GIBBON (Hylobates moloch AUDEBERT 1798) IN GUNUNG HALIMUN SALAK NATIONAL PARK

Zoo Indonesia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivanna Febrissa ◽  
Dones Rinaldi
Keyword(s):  
Daily Activity ◽  
National Park ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Risk Of Extinction ◽  
Conservation Effort ◽  
Hylobates Moloch ◽  
Species Population ◽  
Javan Gibbon

Javan gibbon (Hylobates moloch) is one of endemic primates in Java Island, which listed as endangered and facing the high risk of extinction. Conservation efforts need to be taken immediately in regard to the decrease of this species population. One of aspects that support conservation effort is data on daily activity of this species. The aim of this study was to determine the daily activities of Javan gibbon juvenile at Citalahab Forest Gunung Halimun Salak National Park. We used focal sampling method to collect behavioral data and recording the activity of each individual Javan gibbon by continuous recording. Average time the daily activities of the three groups is 9 hours 56 minutes. Percentage of daily activity from the highest to the lowest is the resting (36.21%), feeding (33.33%), moving (23.05%), socializing (4.94%) and undetected (2.47%). Mostly social activities that do by javan gibbon is play with most frequently performed is wrestling. Javan gibbon in Cikaniki – Citalahab used 11 species as food resource. There are four types of trees used as sleeping tree over the research. The dominant tree strata for sleeping tree is strata A (over 30 m).

Consumption pattern of chicken and consumer awareness of unwholesome practises by some dressed chicken smugglers In Oyo Town, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
O.O. Okunlola
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Consumer Awareness ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The People ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
The Town

Oyo town has a large concentration of poultry farms in Oyo state. This will in no small way influence the meat choice of the people of the town. This study was carried out to determine the consumption pattern of chicken and the unwholesome practices by dressed chicken smugglers in Oyo town, Nigeria. A total of 100 questionnaires were purposively administered to chicken consumers in thestudy area. Also, a multistage sampling method was adopted with the study area divided into three, on Local Government Area (LGA) basis. in the first stage. In the second stage, 30 questionnaires were administered in each of Oyo East and Oyo West LGAs while 40 were administered in Atiba LGA. Data from the table show that majority of the respondents were female (62%), aged between 20 – 39 years (46%) and had tertiary education (54%). From the table, 22% claimed affordability as the reason for chicken purchase while 72% preferred dressed chicken to live chicken.The results also show that 56% of the respondents ate chicken weekly and 47% of them made their purchases from farms and farm outlets. Factors considered to influence purchases were affordability (30%) and availability (24%). Only twenty four percent (24%) of the respondents were aware of the unwholesome practices by dressed chicken smugglers while 46% of those aware saw the consumption of smuggled chicken as hazardous. Key words: Oyo town, chicken consumption, chicken preferences, dressed chicken smugglers, food safety

scholarly journals Influence of Tillage and Daily Manure Application on the Survival of Bacterial Pathogens Indicators in Soil and on Radish

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Entry ◽  
David L. Bjorneberg ◽  
Sheryl Verwey
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
E Coli

We measuredEscherichia coli, andEnterococcussp. numbers in soil and on fresh radish (Raphanus sativusL.) at 1, 7, 14, 28, 54, and 84 days after the addition of high and low amounts of solid dairy manure in combination with chisel tillage to a 20 cm depth (deep) or roller tillage to a 10 cm depth (shallow). When the high or low amount of solid dairy manure was added to the soil,E. colipopulations in soil were higher in the 54 days following manure addition compared to the control treatment. Dairy manure addition increasedEnterococcussp. in soils compared to the control treatment for the entire 84 days sampling period. At harvest, which was 84 days after application, we did not detectE. coliin radish in rhizosphere soil or on radish roots. Addition of solid dairy manure increasedEnterococcussp. numbers in radish rhizosphere soil and on radish roots. We suggest that fresh animal manure be applied to soil at least 120 days prior to planting to allow die-off of human pathogenic bacteria and reduce the incidence of bacterial adhesion on or bacterial colonization of ready to eat vegetables.

scholarly journals Komposisi Jenis Udang Air Tawar di Sungai Batambean, Pulau Labobo, Banggai Laut, Sulawesi Tengah, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Puji Rahayu ◽  
Annawaty Annawaty
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Freshwater Shrimp ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Freshwater Shrimps ◽  
The Family ◽  
Central Sulawesi ◽  
Abiotic Environmental Factors

Labobo isle is one of the satellite isle located around the mainland of Sulawesi Island. This study aims to determine the species composition of freshwater shrimp in the Batambean Stream located on Labobo Island, Banggai Laut, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. A purposive sampling method based on the habitat of freshwater shrimps was applied to collect the shrimps. Measurement of abiotic environmental factors is carried out before samples collection. Furthermore, freshwater shrimp are collected using tray net and hand net. Collected specimens were preserved in alcohol 96%. The specimen wasidentified at the Laboratory of Animal Biosystematics and Evolution, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Tadulako University. The composition of freshwater shrimp species in the Batambean Stream consists of four species, namely Macrobrachium equidens, M. australe, and M. latidactylus and Caridina gracilipes. The first three species belong to the family Palaemonidae while the latter species is a member of the family Atyidae. The brief description and conservation status of each species  were also provided

scholarly journals Pre-Release Assessment for Javan Gibbon (Hylobates moloch) in The Javan Gibbon Center, Mount Gede Pangrango National Park

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Anton Ario ◽  
Agus Priyono Kartono ◽  
Lilik Budi Prasetyo ◽  
Jatna Supriatna
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Readiness Assessment ◽  
Recording Time ◽  
Assessment Study ◽  
Focal Animal ◽  
Hylobates Moloch ◽  
Minute Interval ◽  
Release Data ◽  
Javan Gibbon

Preparation for gibbons before being released into their habitat is crucial. Thus, there is a need for readiness assessment of Javan gibbon with several criteria derived from other species of gibbons to determine individual readiness. Pre-release assessment study for Javan gibbon (Hylobates moloch) had been conducted in January – February 2014, November – December 2014, and March-April 2016 in the Javan Gibbon Center, Mount Gede Pangrango National Park, West Java, Indonesia. The objective of this research was to assess the readiness of Javan gibbon behavior prior to release. Data collection was conducted by focal animal sampling method with 5-minute interval recording time and ad libitum method. The average time allocations of Javan Gibbon activities were as follow: feeding (18.17±3.34%); moving (22.34±0.53%); resting (46.24±3.84%); socializing (10.13±4.33%); sexual activity (0.59±0.58%); and vocalizing (2.54±0.88%).  The similarities of activity allocation from this study compared by wild Javan gibbons data found as follows: feeding by 33.03%, moving by 90.97%, resting by 61.52%, socializing by 38.09%, vocalizing by 75.02%, and sexual by 44.24%. Based on readiness assessment of 11 Javan gibbons, 3 individuals were considered almost ready for release, while 8 individuals were considered ready. The assessment of behaviors criteria for the readiness of Javan gibbons before release has not existed before. The results of this research are important as a recommendation for the management of wildlife rehabilitation and as a guideline in implementing the rehabilitation and reintroduction program of Javan gibbons.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus spp. Among children and the effect of some Lactic acid bacterial (LAB) strain on it

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-227
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Bacterial Isolate ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Laboratory Culture ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Str System

In this study 100 samples were collected from infected children with acute and chronic tonsillitis who attended to Al-Yarmook Teaching Hospital (ENT consultation clinic) from 5/12/2013 to 1/3/2014. The result of laboratory culture was positive in 67 samples. Depending on their cultural, morphological and biochemical characterization of bacterial isolate of them were identified as (37.31%) belonged to Streptococcus pyogenes and the diagnosis is confirmed by the use of Remel Rapid STR System, (34.32%) belonged to S.parasanguinis, (11.94%) S.mitis, (11.94%) S.oralis and (4.47%) S.thoraltensis . Results confirmed that cup assay gave highest inhibition zone after 24 hrs compare with well diffusion methods for suspension of L.acidophilus gave highest inhibition zone after 48 hrs for incubation, while ahigh inhibition zone revealed for suspension of L.fermentum after 24 hrs incubation. the study included also the measurement of the inhibition activity for bacteriocins produced by L.acidophilus bacteria against pathogenic bacteria on nutrient agar by well diffusion method in which results revealed stability of the bacteriocins produced towards PH which kept its activity with PH 4-6 for 24 hrs, and the highest stability was with PH 4, however it lost a lot of its activity with acidic PH less than 2 and alkaline PH as 8. The treatment of bacteriocins with salts such as Nacl it revealed little effect in inhibition zone within 1 & 2% concetrations. The salt MgSo4 & Kcl showed reduction in the inhibitory activity in the low concentration, however the higher concentration of salt caused great reduction and 5% concentration led to loss of inhibitory activity for bacteriocins completely.

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