scholarly journals Influence of Tillage and Daily Manure Application on the Survival of Bacterial Pathogens Indicators in Soil and on Radish

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Entry ◽  
David L. Bjorneberg ◽  
Sheryl Verwey
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
E Coli

We measuredEscherichia coli, andEnterococcussp. numbers in soil and on fresh radish (Raphanus sativusL.) at 1, 7, 14, 28, 54, and 84 days after the addition of high and low amounts of solid dairy manure in combination with chisel tillage to a 20 cm depth (deep) or roller tillage to a 10 cm depth (shallow). When the high or low amount of solid dairy manure was added to the soil,E. colipopulations in soil were higher in the 54 days following manure addition compared to the control treatment. Dairy manure addition increasedEnterococcussp. in soils compared to the control treatment for the entire 84 days sampling period. At harvest, which was 84 days after application, we did not detectE. coliin radish in rhizosphere soil or on radish roots. Addition of solid dairy manure increasedEnterococcussp. numbers in radish rhizosphere soil and on radish roots. We suggest that fresh animal manure be applied to soil at least 120 days prior to planting to allow die-off of human pathogenic bacteria and reduce the incidence of bacterial adhesion on or bacterial colonization of ready to eat vegetables.

scholarly journals Bacterial Adhesion on Femtosecond Laser-Modified Polyethylene

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Schwibbert ◽  
Friederike Menzel ◽  
Nadja Epperlein ◽  
Jörn Bonse ◽  
Jörg Krüger
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Surface Topographies ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

In this study, femtosecond laser-induced sub-micrometer structures are generated to modify polyethylene (PE) surface topographies. These surfaces were subjected to bacterial colonization studies with Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus as test strains. The results reveal that the nanostructures do not influence S. aureus coverage, while the adhesion of E. coli is reduced.

scholarly journals Type III Secretion-Dependent Sensitivity of Escherichia coli O157 to Specific Ketolides

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 459-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romina J. Fernandez-Brando ◽  
Nao Yamaguchi ◽  
Amin Tahoun ◽  
Sean P. McAteer ◽  
Trudi Gillespie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Type Iii Secretion ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Bacterial Binding

ABSTRACTA subset of Gram-negative bacterial pathogens uses a type III secretion system (T3SS) to open up a conduit into eukaryotic cells in order to inject effector proteins. These modulate pathways to enhance bacterial colonization. In this study, we screened established bioactive compounds for any that could repress T3SS expression in enterohemorrhagicEscherichia coli(EHEC) O157. The ketolides telithromycin and, subsequently, solithromycin both demonstrated repressive effects on expression of the bacterial T3SS at sub-MICs, leading to significant reductions in bacterial binding and actin-rich pedestal formation on epithelial cells. Preincubation of epithelial cells with solithromycin resulted in significantly less attachment ofE. coliO157. Moreover, bacteria expressing the T3SS were more susceptible to solithromycin, and there was significant preferential killing ofE. coliO157 bacteria when they were added to epithelial cells that had been preexposed to the ketolide. This killing was dependent on expression of the T3SS. Taken together, this research indicates that the ketolide that has accumulated in epithelial cells may traffic back into the bacteria via the T3SS. Considering that neither ketolide induces the SOS response, nontoxic members of this class of antibiotics, such as solithromycin, should be considered for future testing and trials evaluating their use for treatment of EHEC infections. These antibiotics may also have broader significance for treating infections caused by other pathogenic bacteria, including intracellular bacteria, that express a T3SS.

scholarly journals A commensal adhesin enhances E. coli retention by mucin, while mucin desulfation by mucin-foraging bacteria enhances its transmigration through the mucus barrier

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fitua Al-Saedi ◽  
Diana Pereira Vaz ◽  
Daniel H Stones ◽  
Anne Marie Krachler
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Cell Entry ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Epithelial Surface ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Intestinal Mucus ◽  
Receptor Interactions ◽  
Protein Receptors ◽  
Mucus Barrier

ABSTRACTBacterial adhesion to host receptors is an early and essential step in bacterial colonization, and the nature of adhesion-receptor interactions determines bacterial localization and thus the outcome of these interactions. Here, we determine the host receptors for the Multivalent Adhesion Molecule from the gut commensal E. coli HS (MAMHS), which contains an array of seven mammalian cell entry (MCE) domains. The MAMHS adhesin interacts with a range of host receptors, through recognition of a shared 3-O-sulfo-galactosyl moiety. This functional group is also found in mucin, a component of the intestinal mucus layer and thus one of the prime adherence targets for commensal E. coli. Mucin gels impede the motility of E. coli by acting as a physical barrier, and the barrier effect is enhanced by specific interactions between mucin and MAMHS in a sulfation-dependent manner. Desulfation of mucin by pure sulfatase or the sulfatase-producing commensal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron decreases binding of E. coli to mucin and increases attachment of bacteria to the epithelial surface, through interactions with surface-localized sulfated lipid and protein receptors. Together, our results demonstrate that the E. coli adhesin MAMHS facilitates retention of a gut commensal by mucin, and suggest that the amount of sulfatase secreted by mucin-foraging bacteria inhabiting the same niche, such as B. thetaiotaomicron, may affect the capacity of the mucus barrier to retain commensal E. coli.

Bacterial attachment on poly[acrylonitrile-co-(2-methyl-2-propene-1-sulfonic acid)] surfaces

2013 ◽  
Vol 1569 ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Landsberger ◽  
Viola Boenke ◽  
Anna A. Gorbushina ◽  
Karsten Rodenacker ◽  
Benjamin F. Pierce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Adhesion Behavior ◽  
Acid Sodium Salt ◽  
Adhesion Pattern ◽  
Poly Acrylonitrile ◽  
Positively Charged

ABSTRACTThe influence of material properties on bacterial attachment to surfaces needs to be understood when applying polymer-based biomaterials. Positively charged materials can kill adhered bacteria when the charge density is sufficiently high [1] but such materials initially increase the adherence of some bacteria such asEscherichia coli[2]. On the other hand, negatively charged materials have been shown to inhibit initial bacterial adhesion [3], but this effect has only been demonstrated in relatively few biomaterial classes and needs to be evaluated using additional systems. Gradients in surface charge can impact bacterial adhesion and this was tested in our experimental setup.Moreover, the evaluation of bacterial adhesion to biomaterials is required to assess their potential for biological applications. Here, we studied the bacterial adhesion ofE. coliandBacillus subtilison the surfaces of acrylonitrile-based copolymer samples with different amounts of 2-methyl-2-propene-1-sulfonic acid sodium salt (NaMAS) comonomer. The content related to NaMAS based repeating units nNaMASvaried in the range from 0.9 to 1.5 mol%.We found a reduced colonized area ofE. colifor NaMAS containing copolymers in comparison to pure PAN materials, whereby the bacterial colonization was similar for copolymers with different nNaMASamounts. A different adhesion behavior was obtained for the second tested organismB. subtilis, where the implementation of negative charges into PAN did not change the overall adhesion pattern. Furthermore, it was observed thatB. subtilisadhesion was significantly increased on copolymer samples that exhibited a more irregular surface roughness.

Survival and Persistence of Nonpathogenic Escherichia coli and Attenuated Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Soils Amended with Animal Manure in a Greenhouse Environment

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 913-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
MANAN SHARMA ◽  
PATRICIA D. MILLNER ◽  
FAWZY HASHEM ◽  
MARY CAMP ◽  
CELIA WHYTE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Amended Soils ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
E Coli

ABSTRACT Animal manure provides benefits to agriculture but may contain pathogens that contaminate ready-to-eat produce. U.S. Food and Drug Administration standards include 90- or 120-day intervals between application of manure and harvest of crop to minimize risks of pathogen contamination of fresh produce. Data on factors affecting survival of Escherichia coli in soils under greenhouse conditions are needed. Three separate studies were conducted to evaluate survival of nonpathogenic E. coli (gEc) and attenuated E. coli O157:H7 (attO157) inoculated at either low (4 log CFU/ml) or high (6 log CFU/ml) populations over 56 days. Studies involved two pot sizes (small, 398 cm3; large, 89 liters), three soil types (sandy loam, SL; clay loam, CL; silt loam, SIL), and four amendments (poultry litter, PL; dairy manure liquids, DML; horse manure, HM; unamended). Amendments were applied to the surface of the soil in either small or large containers. Study 1, conducted in regularly irrigated small containers, showed that populations of gEc and attO157 (2.84 to 2.88 log CFU/g) in PL-amended soils were significantly (P < 0.05) greater than those in DML-amended (0.29 to 0.32 log CFU/g [dry weight] [gdw]) or unamended (0.25 to 0.28 log CFU/gdw) soils; soil type did not affect E. coli survival. Results from study 2, in large pots with CL and SIL, showed that PL-amended soils supported significantly higher attO157 and gEc populations compared with HM-amended or unamended soils. Study 3 compared results from small and large containers that received high inoculum simultaneously. Overall, in both small and large containers, PL-amended soils supported higher gEc and attO157 populations compared with HM-amended and unamended soils. Populations of attO157 were significantly greater in small containers (1.83 log CFU/gdw) than in large containers (0.65 log CFU/gdw) at week 8, perhaps because small containers received more regular irrigation than large pots. Regular irrigation of small pots may have affected E. coli persistence in manure-amended soils. Overall, PL-amended soils in both small and large containers supported E. coli survival at higher populations compared with DML-, HM-, or unamended soils.

Probiotics Slow the Growth of Pathogenic Bacteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowles H. L.
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Controlled Delivery ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Multiple Strains ◽  
Commercial Probiotics

Probiotics are live microorganisms, which when ingested in sufficient amounts, confer health benefits to the host by improving the gut microflora balance. The purpose of this research was to determine whether commercial probiotic products containing multitude of commensal bacteria would reduce the growth rate of pathogenic bacteria, specifically Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Growth curves were established, and the growth rates were compared for samples of E. coli, S. typhimurium, Nature’s Bounty Controlled Delivery probiotic, Sundown Naturals Probiotic Balance probiotic, and cocultures of the pathogenic bacteria mixed with the probiotics. The findings of this research were that the commercial probiotics significantly reduced the growth rate of E. coli and S. typhimurium when combined in cocultures. Probiotics containing multiple strains may be taken prophylactically to reduce the risk of bacterial infections caused by E. coli and S. typhimurium. Probiotics could be used to reduce the high global morbidity and mortality rates of diarrheal disease.

Bioenhancing Effect of Cow Urine Distillate and Pepper Extract on Antibacterial Activity of Azadirachta Indica Leaves

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 3212-3214
Author(s):  
Pramod Dhakal ◽  
Ankit a Achary ◽  
Vedamurthy Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Cow Urine

Bioenhancers are drug facilitator which do not show the typical drug activity but in combination to enhance the activity of other molecule in several way including increase the bioavailability of drug across the membrane, potentiating the drug molecules by conformational interaction, acting as receptor for drug molecules and making target cell more receptive to drugs and promote and increase the bioactivity or bioavailability or the uptake of drugs in combination therapy. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial and activity of combination in Azadirachta indica extract with cow urine distillate and pepper extract against common pathogenic bacteria, a causative agent of watery diarrhea. It has been found that Indian indigenous cow urine and its distillate also possess bioenhancing ability. Bioenhancing role of cow urine distillate (CUD) and pepper extract was investigated on antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of Azadirachta indica. Antibacterial activity of ethanol extract neem alone and in combination with CUD and pepper extract were determined the ATCC strains against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E-coli by cup plate diffusion method. Ethanol extract of neem has showed more effect on P. aeruginosa, E-coli than S. aureus and K. pneumonia with combination of CUD and pepper extract. CUD and pepper did not show any inhibition of test bacteria in low concentration. The antibacterial effect of combination of extract and CUD was higher than the inhibition caused by extract alone and is suggestive of the bioenhancing role of cow urine distillate and pepper. Moreover, inhibition of test bacteria was observed with less concentration of extract on combining with CUD

Pollution, Toxicity and Carcinogenicity of Organic Dyes and their Catalytic Bio-Remediation

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (34) ◽  
pp. 3645-3663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ismail ◽  
Kalsoom Akhtar ◽  
M.I. Khan ◽  
Tahseen Kamal ◽  
Murad A. Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
Chemical Reduction ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sanitation Services

: Water pollution due to waste effluents of the textile industry is seriously causing various health problems in humans. Water pollution with pathogenic bacteria, especially Escherichia coli (E. coli) and other microbes is due to the mixing of fecal material with drinking water, industrial and domestic sewage, pasture and agricultural runoff. Among the chemical pollutants, organic dyes due to toxic nature, are one of the major contaminants of industrial wastewater. Adequate sanitation services and drinking quality water would eliminate 200 million cases of diarrhea, which results in 2.1 million less deaths caused by diarrheal disease due to E. coli each year. Nanotechnology is an excellent platform as compared to conventional treatment methods of water treatment and remediation from microorganisms and organic dyes. In the current study, toxicity and carcinogenicity of the organic dyes have been studied as well as the remediation/inactivation of dyes and microorganism has been discussed. Remediation by biological, physical and chemical methods has been reviewed critically. A physical process like adsorption is cost-effective, but can’t degrade dyes. Biological methods were considered to be ecofriendly and cost-effective. Microbiological degradation of dyes is cost-effective, eco-friendly and alternative to the chemical reduction. Besides, certain enzymes especially horseradish peroxidase are used as versatile catalysts in a number of industrial processes. Moreover, this document has been prepared by gathering recent research works related to the dyes and microbial pollution elimination from water sources by using heterogeneous photocatalysts, metal nanoparticles catalysts, metal oxides and enzymes.

Acetate Kinase (AcK) is Essential for Microbial Growth and Betel-derived Compounds Potentially Target AcK, PhoP and MDR Proteins in M. tuberculosis, V. cholerae and Pathogenic E. coli: An in silico and in vitro Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (31) ◽  
pp. 2731-2740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Tiwari ◽  
Debmalya Barh ◽  
M. Imchen ◽  
Eswar Rao ◽  
Ranjith K. Kumavath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Acetate Kinase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Novel Target

Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Vibrio cholerae, and pathogenic Escherichia coli are global concerns for public health. The emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains of these pathogens is creating additional challenges in controlling infections caused by these deadly bacteria. Recently, we reported that Acetate kinase (AcK) could be a broad-spectrum novel target in several bacteria including these pathogens. Methods: Here, using in silico and in vitro approaches we show that (i) AcK is an essential protein in pathogenic bacteria; (ii) natural compounds Chlorogenic acid and Pinoresinol from Piper betel and Piperidine derivative compound 6-oxopiperidine-3-carboxylic acid inhibit the growth of pathogenic E. coli and M. tuberculosis by targeting AcK with equal or higher efficacy than the currently used antibiotics; (iii) molecular modeling and docking studies show interactions between inhibitors and AcK that correlate with the experimental results; (iv) these compounds are highly effective even on MDR strains of these pathogens; (v) further, the compounds may also target bacterial two-component system proteins that help bacteria in expressing the genes related to drug resistance and virulence; and (vi) finally, all the tested compounds are predicted to have drug-like properties. Results and Conclusion: Suggesting that, these Piper betel derived compounds may be further tested for developing a novel class of broad-spectrum drugs against various common and MDR pathogens.

scholarly journals Tailoring Nano-Porous Surface of Aligned Electrospun Poly (L-Lactic Acid) Fibers for Nerve Tissue Engineering

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3536
Author(s):  
Hongyun Xuan ◽  
Biyun Li ◽  
Feng Xiong ◽  
Shuyuan Wu ◽  
Zhuojun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Surface Structures ◽  
Porous Surface ◽  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Nerve Tissue Engineering

Despite the existence of many attempts at nerve tissue engineering, there is no ideal strategy to date for effectively treating defective peripheral nerve tissue. In the present study, well-aligned poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) nanofibers with varied nano-porous surface structures were designed within different ambient humidity levels using the stable jet electrospinning (SJES) technique. Nanofibers have the capacity to inhibit bacterial adhesion, especially with respect to Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). It was noteworthy to find that the large nano-porous fibers were less detrimentally affected by S. aureus than smaller fibers. Large nano-pores furthermore proved more conducive to the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs), while small nano-pores were more beneficial to NSC migration. Thus, this study concluded that well-aligned fibers with varied nano-porous surface structures could reduce bacterial colonization and enhance cellular responses, which could be used as promising material in tissue engineering, especially for neuro-regeneration.

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