scholarly journals Framingham Risk Score for Cardiovascular Disease: Application to Jordanian Community; A cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
shereen Arabiyat ◽  
odate tadros ◽  
Tamara Al-daghastani ◽  
Deema Jaber
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Cardiac Event ◽  
Framingham Risk Score ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Framingham Score ◽  
Event Risk ◽  
Framingham Risk ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the protective measures taken by the Jordanian population in order to decrease the risk of the first cardiovascular event using Framingham score risk classification to assess cardiac event risk. Methods: Several nationally representative models of adult Jordanians were recruited in this study. Demographic data and anthropometric parameters were documented. Framingham risk score was calculated. Accordingly, cardiac event risk has been determined. Google form was created to generate a survey. Social media was utilized to extend the survey. Key findings: As expected, taking lipid lowering medications has decreased the Framingham score significantly, patients with high HDL value have lower Framingham score. Significant difference in Framingham score between diploma and patients with high school or less education level p-value 0.043. There was a significant difference in Framingham score between nonsmokers and sometimes smokers. The study revealed that 90% of the participants were having low risk for developing CVD, 5% were at intermediate risk and 5% were at high risk for developing CVD. This was expected as the average age was between 20-30 years. Conclusion: This study presented no advantage and even some harm because of consuming daily low-dose aspirin in some groups of people formerly thought to benefit from such treatment. This new piece of information applies to patients who do not have identified cardiovascular disease. If you have not had one of the above situations or events and are older than 70 years, younger than 40 years, or at higher danger of bleeding because of a medical condition or treatments, you should not consume aspirin for principal prevention of heart disease. If you are between 40 and 70 years old, at decreased risk of bleeding, and thought to be at increased risk of heart disease, you might get advantage from using aspirin.

scholarly journals Serum magnesium and zinc levels- A predictor of cardiovascular risk in hemodialysis patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-189
Author(s):  
Gunavathi G ◽  
Muruganantham B ◽  
Harissh Ganesan ◽  
Manasha Devi
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Framingham Risk Score ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Magnesium Level ◽  
Intermediate Risk ◽  
Framingham Score ◽  
Framingham Risk ◽  
Developing Heart ◽  
Zinc Levels

Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of mortality in haemodialysis patients. Several studies have demonstrated the relation of zinc and magnesium in cardiovascular disease. In present study we aimed to measure serum zinc and magnesium levels and correlate with the Framingham score to calculate the cardiovascular risk.Present study was prospective, cross sectional type, conducted in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing haemodialysis.Serum magnesium, zinc, cholesterol, urea, creatinine, HDL cholesterol, systolic BP are measured and Framingham score was calculated. And zinc and magnesium values were correlated with Framingham score. The study is conducted in 100 CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis. Out of 100 CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis, 59% had high risk,28% had intermediate risk, and 13% had low risk of developing cardiovascular disease according to their Framingham risk score. In these patients, zinc and magnesium levels were found and correlated with Framingham risk score. Out of 100 patients undergoing hemodialysis, 37 patients were hypomagnesemic, 43 patients were normomagnesemic, 20 patients were hypermagnesemic. In this, a positive correlation was found between development of hypomagnesemia and duration of hemodialysis. Magnesium level was correlated with Framingham risk score. In this hypomagnesemic patients, 67% patients have low risk, 8% have intermediate risk, 24% patients have high risk of developing heart disease. Out of 100 patients, 86 patients have normal zinc level, 14 patients have increased zinc level. Zinc levels was not altered during dialysis. These patients already have risk of developing heart disease independent of zinc level.In our study, magnesium level of haemodialysis patients was reduced and it is associated with duration of haemodialysis. Zinc levels were not altered in the patients.

Predicted 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease among Canadian adults using modified Framingham Risk Score in association with dietary intake

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 1068-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solmaz Setayeshgar ◽  
Susan J. Whiting ◽  
Punam Pahwa ◽  
Hassanali Vatanparast
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Framingham Risk Score ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Breakfast Cereal ◽  
Framingham Risk ◽  
Significant Difference

Initial risk assessment to estimate 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is completed by Framingham Risk Score (FRS). In 2012 2 modifications were added to FRS by the Canadian Cardiovascular Society: FRS is doubled in subjects aged 30–59 years who have CVD present in a first-degree relative before 55 years of age for men and 65 years of age for women; and cardiovascular age is calculated for each individual. Our aim was to implement these modifications and evaluate differences compared with traditional FRS. Further, we evaluated the association between dietary intake and 10-year risk. The Canadian Health Measures Survey data cycle 1 was used among participants aged 30–74 years (n = 2730). Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were conducted using STATA SE 11. Using modified FRS for predicting 10-year risk of CVD significantly increased the estimated risk compared with the traditional approach, 8.66% ± 0.35% versus 6.06% ± 0.18%, respectively. Greater impact was observed with the “cardiovascular age” modification in men versus women. The distribution of Canadians in low- (<10%) and high-risk (≥20%) categories of CVD show a significant difference between modified and traditional FRS: 67.4% versus 79.6% (low risk) and 13.7% versus 4.5% (high risk), respectively. The odds of having risk ≥10% was significantly greater in low-educated, abdominally obese individuals or those with lower consumption of breakfast cereal and fruit and vegetable and greater potato and potato products consumption. In conclusion, the traditional FRS method significantly underestimates CVD risk in Canadians; thus, applying modified FRS is beneficial for screening. Additionally, fibre consumption from fruit and vegetable or breakfast cereals might be beneficial in reducing CVD risks.

scholarly journals Estimation of the 10-Year Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease and The Framingham Risk Score Among Adults Living with HIV/AIDS in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Hospital-Based, Observational Study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minyahil Woldu ◽  
Omary Minzi ◽  
Workineh Shibeshi ◽  
Aster Shewaamare ◽  
Ephrem Engidawork
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Framingham Risk Score ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Framingham Risk ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background With a much improved ART of the present day, most morbidities and mortalities in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are associated with factors such as non-infectious diseases (NIDs) in the form of coronary heart disease (CHD). This study aimed at determining the prevalence and predictors of coronary heart disease (CHD) using the 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and Framingham risk score (FRS) tools among PLWHA. Methods A hospital-based, observational study was carried out from January 2019 to February 2020 in HIV infected adults. Prevalence of FRS (age 20 to 79) was determined using the National, Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) and prevalence of ASCVD (age 40 to 79) was determined using the peer-reviewed online (ClinCalc.com) tool. Results Using the 10-years ASCVD risk estimation 27.3% of the study participants had an elevated risk > 7.5 % CHD. Similarly using the 10-year FRS, 1.4 % had high-risk score of developing CHD. Using multiple linear regression analysis age (β = .061, p < .001), gender (β = .816, p < .001), systolic blood pressure (β = .21, p < .001), total cholestrol (β = .002, p = .001), high density lipoprotein (β = − .02, p < .001), and Tobacco use (β = .559, p < .001) had significant contribution to the risk of CHD using the ASCVD tool, while using binary logistic regression for the FRS tool, gender (OR = 26.105, 95% C.I. [6.110, 111,543], p < 0.001), age (OR = 1.293, 95% C.I. [1.181, 1.415], P < 0.001), and low HDL-C (OR = 0.887, 95% C.I. [.786, .979], P = 0.19) had significant contribution. Conclusions The prevalence of high-risk CHD among PLWHA using the FRS and ASCVD tools were 1.4 & 27.3 percent respectively. In both the tools advanced age, male gender, and low level HDL were significant contributor for the risk of CHD in PLWHA.

scholarly journals Differences of Cardiovascular Risk-based on Atherogenic Index Plasma Dan Framingham Risk Score in Postpartum with Preeclampsia and Normotensive

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (B) ◽  
pp. 389-394
Author(s):  
Cinthya Ayu Meritha Siregar ◽  
Makmur Sitepu ◽  
M. Rhiza Z Tala ◽  
Johny Marpaung ◽  
Henry Salim Siregar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Framingham Risk Score ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Framingham Risk ◽  
Significant Difference

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death in women worldwide. Preeclampsia may be more than just risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease later in life. Systematic reviews suggested approximately double the risk of ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular incidents, and mortality of cardiovascular disease after preeclampsia. AIM: The aim of the study was to analyze the differences of cardiovascular risk later in life-based on atherogenic index plasma and Framingham risk score (FRS) in postpartum women with preeclampsia compared with normotensive women. METHODS: This is study a comparative analytic study with case–control design on 46 subjects, divided by 23 postpartum preeclampsia patients as a case sample subject and 23 postpartum with no history of hypertension as the control group. Subjects were examined for blood pressure, height, weight, and asked to fast for at least 8 h before blood lipid profile and glucose were examined with laboratory methods. Atherogenic index plasma and FRS were measured. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. p < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Based on the results, the study found significant differences between systolic and diastolic blood pressure in preeclampsia compared to the control group. Median systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the preeclampsia group compared to control group were 180 versus 110 in systolic blood pressure; 100 versus 80 in diastolic blood pressure with p < 0.000. Total cholesterol, low-density lipid, high-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides levels in preeclampsia were 218.38 ± 23.26 mg/dL, 128.60 ± 22.74 mg/dL, 38.60 ± 5.99 mg/dL, and 252.73 ± 47.16 mg/dL, respectively, with p < 0.05 and non-preeclampsia group were 143.0 ± 16.82 mg/dL, 69.17 ± 23.03 mg/dL, 51.73 ± 8.65 mg/dL, and 121.30 ± 14.65 mg/dL, respectively, with p < 0.05. Differences in plasma atherogenic index values can clearly be observed in the preeclampsia and control groups (p < 0.05). A similar interpretation was found in the FRS (p < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between age and body mass index with atherogenic index plasma and FRS in preeclamptic group. CONCLUSION: There was a significant difference in atherogenic index plasma and Framingham risk score of postpartum preeclampsia and normotensive women.

The utility of coronary artery calcium in non-gated high resolution CT thorax scans in predicting cardiac events as compared to the Framingham risk score: a retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Saluja ◽  
H Contractor ◽  
M Daniells ◽  
J Sobolewska ◽  
K Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Framingham Risk Score ◽  
Cardiac Events ◽  
End Point ◽  
Framingham Risk ◽  
Good Concordance

Abstract Background There is existing evidence to suggest a correlation between coronary artery calcification (CAC) measured using ECG-triggered chest computed tomography and cardiovascular disease. Further evidence has emerged to suggest a correlation between CAC measured using non-gated CT scans and cardiovascular disease. Herein, we sought to ascertain the utility of incidental findings of CAC on non-triggered high resolution CT (HRCT) thorax used for patients undergoing lung cancer screening or follow-up for interstitial lung disease and Framingham risk score (FRS) in predicting cardiovascular events. Methods The Computerised Radiology Information Service (CRIS) database was manually searched to determine all HRCT scans performed in a single trust from 05/2015 to 05/2016. The reports issued by Radiologists and images of selected studies were reviewed. For patients with CAC, we calculated the calcium score for patients using the Agatston method. Clinical events were determined from the electronic medical record without knowledge of patients' CAC findings. For these patients, the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) was also calculated. The primary end point of the study was composite of all-cause mortality and cardiac events (non-fatal myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, new atrial fibrillation or heart failure episode requiring hospitalization). Results We selected 300 scans from a total of approximately 2000 scans performed over this time. Data at follow up was available for 100% of the patients, with a median duration of follow up of 1.6 years. Moderate to severe CAC was found in 35% of people. Multivariable analysis showed good concordance between CAC and FRS in predicting composite clinical end point. The Odds Ratio for cardiac events in patients with moderate to severe CAC was 5.3 (p&lt;0.01) and for composite clinical end point was 3.4 (p&lt;0.01). This is similar to the OR predicted by the FRS: 4.8; p&lt;0.01 and 3.1; p&lt;0.01 respectively. Only 6.2% of patients with moderate to severe CAC were currently statin treated. Conclusion In this retrospective study of patients with respiratory disease attending for HRCT scanning, co-incidentally detected CAC predicts cardiac events, with good concordance with the FRS. The incidental finding of CAC on non-gated CT scanning should be reported with Agatston score calculation allowing consideration of intervention to mitigate cardiovascular risk and optimize. Further multi-centre prospective studies of this strategy, with a larger patient cohort should be conducted to clarify the utility of CAC as a prediction tool to modify cardiac risk. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

Effect of dietary modification by calorie restriction on cholesterol levels in lipoprotein(a) and other lipoprotein classes

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 567-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Hirowatari ◽  
Daisuke Manita ◽  
Keiko Kamachi ◽  
Akira Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Framingham Risk Score ◽  
Dietary Modification ◽  
Lipoprotein A ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Framingham Risk

Background Dietary habits are associated with obesity which is a risk factor for coronary heart disease. The objective is to estimate the change of lipoprotein(a) and other lipoprotein classes by calorie restriction with obesity index and Framingham risk score. Methods Sixty females (56 ± 9 years) were recruited. Their caloric intakes were reduced during the six-month period, and the calorie from fat was not more than 30%. Lipoprotein profiles were estimated at baseline and after the six-month period of calorie restriction. Cholesterol levels in six lipoprotein classes (HDL, LDL, IDL, VLDL, chylomicron and lipoprotein(a)) were analysed by anion-exchange liquid chromatography. The other tests were analysed by general methods. Additionally, Framingham risk score for predicting 10-year coronary heart disease risk was calculated. Results Body mass index, waist circumference, insulin resistance, Framingham risk score, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and IDL-cholesterol were significantly decreased by the calorie restriction, and the protein and cholesterol levels of lipoprotein(a) were significantly increased. The change of body mass index was significantly correlated with those of TC, VLDL-cholesterol and chylomicron-cholesterol, and that of waist circumference was significantly correlated with that of chylomicron-cholesterol. The change of Framingham risk score was significantly correlated with the change of IDL-C. Conclusion Obesity indexes and Framingham risk score were reduced by the dietary modification. Lipoprotein profile was improved with the reduction of obesity indexes, but lipoprotein(a) was increased. The changes of obesity indexes and Framingham risk score were related with those of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, e.g. IDL, VLDL and CM.

scholarly journals The impact of triglyceride-glucose index on incident cardiovascular events during 16 years of follow-up: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niloofar Barzegar ◽  
Maryam Tohidi ◽  
Mitra Hasheminia ◽  
Fereidoun Azizi ◽  
Farzad Hadaegh
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Framingham Risk Score ◽  
Significant Trend ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Tyg Index ◽  
Framingham Risk ◽  
Triglyceride Glucose Index ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background To investigate whether the Triglyceride-Glucose index (TyG-index) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD)/coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods A total of 7521 Iranians aged ≥ 30 years (male = 3367) were included in the study. Multivariate Cox regression analyses (adjusted for age, gender, waist circumference, body mass index, educational level, smoking status, physical activity, family history of CVD, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, low and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and lipid lowering drugs) were used to assess the risk of incident CVD/CHD across quintiles and for 1-standard deviation (SD) increase in the TyG-index. The cut off point for TyG-index was assessed by the minimum value of $$\sqrt {\left( {1 - sensitivity} \right)^{2} + \left( {1 - specificity} \right)^{2} }$$ 1 - s e n s i t i v i t y 2 + 1 - s p e c i f i c i t y 2 . We also examined the added value of the TyG-index in addition to the Framingham risk score when predicting CVD. Results During follow-up, 1084 cases of CVD (male = 634) were recorded. We found a significant trend of TyG-index for incident CVD/CHD in multivariate analysis (both Ps for tend ≤ 0.002). Moreover, a 1-SD increase in TyG-index was associated with significant risk of CVD/CHD in multivariate analysis [1.16 (1.07–1.25) and 1.19 (1.10–1.29), respectively]. The cut-off value of TyG-index for incident CVD was 9.03 (59.2% sensitivity and 63.2% specificity); the corresponding value of TyG-index for incident CHD was 9.03 (60.0% sensitivity and 62.8% specificity), respectively. Although no interaction was found between gender and TyG-index for CVD/CHD in multivariate analysis (both Ps for interaction > 0.085), the significant trend of TyG-index was observed only among females for incident CVD (P = 0.035). A significant interaction was found between age groups (i.e. ≥ 60 vs < 60 years) and TyG-index for CVD outcomes in the multivariate model (P-value for interaction = 0.046). Accordingly, a significant association between the TyG-index and outcomes was found only among the younger age group. Among the population aged < 60 the addition of TyG-index to the Framingham risk score (FRS) did not show improvement in the predictive ability of the FRS, using integrated discrimination improvement. Conclusion The TyG-index is significantly associated with increased risk of CVD/CHD incidence; this issue was more prominent among the younger population. However, adding TyG-index to FRS does not provide better risk prediction for CVD.

Cardiovascular Disease Risk Predicts Health Perception in Prison Inmates

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zyad T. Saleh ◽  
Alison Connell ◽  
Terry A. Lennie ◽  
Alison L. Bailey ◽  
Rami A. Elshatarat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Framingham Risk Score ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Health Perception ◽  
Health Perceptions ◽  
Prison Inmates ◽  
Framingham Risk ◽  
Starting Point

We hypothesized that risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) would be associated with worse health perceptions in prison inmates. This study included 362 inmates recruited from four medium security prisons in Kentucky. Framingham Risk Score was used to estimate the risk of developing CVD within the next 10 years. A single item on self-rated health from the Medical Outcomes Survey–Short Form 36 was used to measure health perception. Multinomial logistic regression showed that for every 1-unit increase in Framingham Risk Score, inmates were 23% more likely to have rated their health as fair/poor and 11% more likely to rate their health as good rather than very good/excellent. These findings demonstrate that worse health perceptions may serve as a starting point for discussing cardiovascular risk factors and prevention with inmates.

Usefulness of Suita score to predict deaths from aortic aneurysm rupture and aortic dissection in general population

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Otaki ◽  
T.W Watanabe ◽  
T.K Konta ◽  
M.W Watanabe ◽  
K.A Asahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
General Population ◽  
Aortic Dissection ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Framingham Risk Score ◽  
Aneurysm Rupture ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Framingham Risk

Abstract Background Deaths from aortic aneurysm rupture and aortic dissection are the major causes of sudden death in Japan. Suita score developed in Japan, as well as Framingham risk score, is reportedly associated with ischemic heart disease. However, it remains undetermined whether Suita score is associated with aortic aneurysm rupture and aortic dissection deaths in general population. Purpose To examine whether Suita score could predict aortic aneurysm rupture and aortic dissection deaths in general population. Methods and results We used a database of 534,414 subjects (age 40–75 years) who participated in the annual “Specific Health Check and Guidance in Japan” check-up between 2008 and 2013. The univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses demonstrated that Suita score was associated with both deaths from aortic aneurysm rupture and aortic dissection after adjustment for confounding risk factors. The C indices in Suita score for aortic aneurysm rupture deaths, aortic dissection deaths and ischemic heart disease deaths were 0.8295, 0.6689, and 0.7039, respectively. The C indices in Suita score to predict aortic aneurysm rupture deaths and aortic dissection deaths were significantly greater than those in Framingham risk score. Conclusion Suita score was superior to Framingham risk score and a feasible marker for aortic aneurysm rupture and aortic dissection deaths in general population, indicating that it could serve as an identification of high-risk subjects for aortic aneurysmal rupture and aortic dissection as well as ischemic heart disease. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

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