Ultrasound assisted in-situ separation of sophorolipids in multi-phase fermentation system to achieve efficient production of Candida bombicola

Sophorolipids (SLs) are regarded as one of the most promising biosurfactants. However, high production costs are the main obstacle to extended SLs application. Semi-continuous fermentation, which is based on in-situ separation, is a promising technology for achieving high SLs productivity. In this study, the sedimentation mechanism of SLs was analyzed. The formation of a hydrophobic mixture of SLs and rapeseed oil was a key factor in sedimentation. And the hydrophobicity and density of the mixture determined SLs sedimentation rate. On this basis, ultrasonic enhanced sedimentation technology (UEST) was introduced, by which the sedimentation rates were increased by 46.9% to 485.4% with different ratio of rapeseed oil to SLs. UEST-assisted real-time in-situ separation and semi-continuous fermentation were performed. SLs productivity and yield were 2.15 g/L/h and 0.58 g/g, respectively, simultaneously the loss ratio of cells, glucose, and rapeseed oil were significantly reduced. This study provides the new horizon for optimization of the SLs fermentation process.

Download Full-text

Ultrasound assisted in‐situ separation of sophorolipids in multi‐phase fermentation system to achieve efficient production by Candida bombicola

Biotechnology Journal ◽

10.1002/biot.202100478 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 2100478

Author(s):

Yang Chen ◽

Xu Tang ◽

Ya Li ◽

Chang Liu ◽

Yingping Zhuang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Efficient Production ◽

Candida Bombicola ◽

Fermentation System ◽

In Situ Separation ◽

Ultrasound Assisted ◽

Multi Phase

Download Full-text

Ultrasound assisted in-situ separation of sophorolipids in multi-phase fermentation system to achieve efficient production

10.22541/au.160473426.67948931/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yang Chen ◽

Ya Li ◽

Chang Liu ◽

Ying-Ping Zhuang ◽

Xiwei Tian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Efficient Production ◽

Fermentation System ◽

In Situ Separation ◽

Ultrasound Assisted ◽

Multi Phase

Download Full-text

Advances in Polyhydroxyalkanoate Nanocarriers for Effective Drug Delivery: An Overview and Challenges

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano12010175 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 175

Author(s):

Priyanka Prakash ◽

Wing-Hin Lee ◽

Ching-Yee Loo ◽

Hau Seung Jeremy Wong ◽

Thaigarajan Parumasivam

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Targeted Delivery ◽

In Situ Polymerization ◽

Drug Loading ◽

Controlled Drug Release ◽

Production Costs ◽

Natural Polymers ◽

High Production ◽

The Many

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are natural polymers produced under specific conditions by certain organisms, primarily bacteria, as a source of energy. These up-and-coming bioplastics are an undeniable asset in enhancing the effectiveness of drug delivery systems, which demand characteristics like non-immunogenicity, a sustained and controlled drug release, targeted delivery, as well as a high drug loading capacity. Given their biocompatibility, biodegradability, modifiability, and compatibility with hydrophobic drugs, PHAs often provide a superior alternative to free drug therapy or treatments using other polymeric nanocarriers. The many formulation methods of existing PHA nanocarriers, such as emulsion solvent evaporation, nanoprecipitation, dialysis, and in situ polymerization, are explained in this review. Due to their flexibility that allows for a vessel tailormade to its intended application, PHA nanocarriers have found their place in diverse therapy options like anticancer and anti-infective treatments, which are among the applications of PHA nanocarriers discussed in this article. Despite their many positive attributes, the advancement of PHA nanocarriers to clinical trials of drug delivery applications has been stunted due to the polymers’ natural hydrophobicity, controversial production materials, and high production costs, among others. These challenges are explored in this review, alongside their existing solutions and alternatives.

Download Full-text

TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF SIAM PATIN FISH CULTIVATION BUSINESS (Case Study of UPT-Islamic University of Riau Kubang Raya, Siak Hulu Sub-District, Kampar District)

Jurnal Agribisnis ◽

10.31849/agr.v21i1.2636 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 49-57

Author(s):

Limetry Liana Mey

Keyword(s):

Technical Efficiency ◽

Business Case ◽

Production Costs ◽

Efficient Production ◽

Selling Price ◽

Fixed Costs ◽

Average Production ◽

Business Case Study ◽

High Production

Siam patin fish cultivation in the UPT-UIR is a business-oriented business with the aim of maximizing business profits. Technical efficiency will be achieved if the farmer is able to allocate available production factors to produce high production so that it has an impact on farmer income. This study aims to analyze the allocation of the use of production inputs and the technical efficiency of Siamese catfish cultivation business. This research is a case study on UPT-UIR Pool with the census taking technique of respondents, namely managers and pool workers UPT-UIR. The results showed that the average production costs incurred were worth Rp. 135,321,515.22, consisting of variable costs Rp. 124,713,221.42 (92.16%) and fixed costs Rp. 10,608,293.80 (7.84%). Furthermore, there are 2 types of fish production, namely patin salai and fresh consumption with an average production of 10,628 kg and a selling price of Rp 12,500 / Kg with gross revenues of Rp 132,392,714 / harvest period. Furthermore, the results of the frontier test through 2 trials (approaches) the value of technical efficiency obtained is 0.9873 and 0.4378. Based on the criteria of technical efficiency, the efficiency value <1, means that the allocation of the use of production inputs exceeds the efficiency value so that it is necessary to reduce the use of production inputs. As a result, the business of Siamese catfish in the UPT-UIR Pond is in a technically inefficient condition. In the future, managers must pay attention to the allocation of efficient production inputs not only technically but also allocatively and economically so that they can increase productivity and farmer acceptance.

Download Full-text

OPTIMALISASI HARA IN SITU MELALUI INTEGRASI TANAMAN DAN TERNAK

Jurnal Dinamika Pengabdian (JDP) ◽

10.20956/jdp.v6i1.9416 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 62-70

Author(s):

Harsani Haruna ◽

Rasbawati Rasbawati

Keyword(s):

Animal Feed ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Animal Manure ◽

Production Costs ◽

Livestock Waste ◽

Land Area ◽

High Production ◽

Livestock Systems ◽

Very High

Scarcity of fertilizer is always a problem at the farm level because the level of dependence of farmers on fertilizer needs is very high. The need for fertilizer at the farmer level continues to increase over the years, this raises the problem of environmental pollution and also a decrease in soil quality. In addition, farmers' income is relatively low due to several factors, namely high production costs and low production, on the other hand, due to the limited land area. One solution to address this problem is through the integration of Crops and livestock systems. The purpose of this activity is to provide knowledge, training and assistance to farmers in maximizing the potential of agricultural livestock waste as compost in crop and livestock integration systems. The method of activity is carried out by field observations about the problems faced by farmers. The results of the activity can be concluded that partner farmers are able to utilize feces waste and animal feed into compost as a source of nutrition for plants, in a day farmers can produce 2.5 kg of compost from animal manure and feed from 2 goats so that in a year farmers can produce 912.5 kg of compost. In addition, partner farmers are also able to utilize the technology model of crop cohesiveness in maximizing the potential of land in conditions of limited land area. Previously, farmers only used one type of farming business, with this activity farmers could work on two or more types of farming in one land, so farmers could increase their income. Keywords: Integration, organic fertilizer, fertility, economy. ABSTRAK Kelangkaan pupuk selalu menjadi persoalan di tingkat petani karena tingkat ketergantungan petani akan kebutuhan pupuk sangatlah tinggi. Kebutuhan pupuk ditingkat petani semakin tahun teruslah meningkat, hal ini memunculkan persoalan pencemaran lingkungan dan juga penurunan kualitas tanah. Selain itu pendapatan petani relatip rendah karena beberapa faktor yakni biaya produksi tinggi dan produksi rendah disisi lain yakni karena faktor keterbatasan luas lahan. Salah satu solusi untuk menjawab persoalan tersebut yakni melalui sistem integrasi tanaman dan ternak. Tujuan kegiatan ini untuk memberikan pengetahuan, pelatihan dan pendampingan kepada petani dalam memaksimalkan potensi limbah pertanian peternakan sebagai kompos pada sistem integrasi tanaman dan ternak. Metode kegiatan dilakukan dengan observasi lapangan tentang permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh petani. Selanjutnya tahapan sosialisasi dan pelatihan dengan praktek langsung. Hasil Kegiatan dapat disimpulkan bahwa petani mitra mampu memanfaatkan limbah Feces dan pakan ternak menjadi kompos sebagai sumber nutrisi bagi tanaman, dalam sehari petani dapat menghasilkan kompos 2,5 kg limbah kotoran ternak dan pakan dari 2 ekor kambing sehingga dalam setahun petani dapat menghasilkan 912,5 kg kompos. Selain itu petani mitra juga mampu memanfaatkan teknologi model keterpaduan tanaman ternak dalam memaksimalkan potensi lahan dalam kondisi keterbatasan luasan lahan. Sebelumnya petani hanya memanfaatkan satu jenis usaha tani, dengan kegiatan ini petani dapat mengusahakan dua atau lebih jenis usaha tani dalam satu lahan, sehingga petani mampu meningkatkan penghasilan. Kata Kunci: Integrasi, pupuk organik, kesuburan, ekonomi.

Download Full-text

AN ECONOMICAL STUDY TO MEASUREMENT OF MARKETING EFFICIENCY IN CALF FATTENING FIELDS IN NINEVEH GOVERNORATE(2018)

IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES ◽

10.36103/ijas.v51i4.1092 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Abdullah & Al-Taye

Keyword(s):

Commodity Prices ◽

Red Meat ◽

Production Costs ◽

Meat Production ◽

Marketing Efficiency ◽

Basic Source ◽

Essential Nutrient ◽

High Production ◽

Marketing Costs ◽

Marketing Margins

This study was aimed at assessing marketing efficiency in the main sites of meat production of calf fattening fields in the private sector due to the importance of meat, especially red meat, which has essential nutrient for human body growth and high commodity prices depending on the measurement indicators used to suit the nature of the research conducted in calves fattening production fields in Gogjali region- Nineveh (2018). The basic source data of the study is obtained from sources on the ongoing ground- marketing questionnaire of three levels, the producer, the wholesaler, the retailer and two fields groups of caste random sample. The first group included (100) fields with imported calves class. The second included (51) fields with local calves class. Whereas, according to the production and marketing costs indicator, the average of marketing efficiency (ME1 ) of marketed meat in both groups of claves fattening fields amounted (92.47, 93.39%) respectively for a kilogram which is a sign of high production costs and, according to the marketing margins indicator, the average of marketing efficiency (ME2 ) of marketed meat in both groups of claves fattening fields amounted (86.89,79.13 %) for per kg which is a sign of high marketing margins. Thus the study concluded a high value of marketing efficiency using the first scale with the fattening period time for both groups while marketing efficiency by using the second scale was characterized by the gradual decline in the imported fattening fields and a gradual rise in the local fattening fields. The study recommends supporting production inputs (fodder, treatment), unifying markets and limiting the importation of red meat importation in order to obtain a good production and currency policy by which the production costs could be reduced to the minimum .

Download Full-text

Economic and Sustainability of Biodiesel Production—A Systematic Literature Review

Clean Technologies ◽

10.3390/cleantechnol3010002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 19-36

Author(s):

Tamás Mizik ◽

Gábor Gyarmati

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Systematic Literature Review ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

First Generation ◽

Production Costs ◽

Raw Material ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Important Research Topic ◽

The Social ◽

High Production

As Earth’s fossil energy resources are limited, there is a growing need for renewable resources such as biodiesel. That is the reason why the social, economic and environmental impacts of biofuels became an important research topic in the last decade. Depleted stocks of crude oil and the significant level of environmental pollution encourage researchers and professionals to seek and find solutions. The study aims to analyze the economic and sustainability issues of biodiesel production by a systematic literature review. During this process, 53 relevant studies were analyzed out of 13,069 identified articles. Every study agrees that there are several concerns about the first-generation technology; however, further generations cannot be price-competitive at this moment due to the immature technology and high production costs. However, there are promising alternatives, such as wastewater-based microalgae with up to 70% oil content, fat, oils and grease (FOG), when production cost is below 799 USD/gallon, and municipal solid waste-volatile fatty acids technology, where the raw material is free. Proper management of the co-products (mainly glycerol) is essential, especially at the currently low petroleum prices (0.29 USD/L), which can only be handled by the biorefineries. Sustainability is sometimes translated as cost efficiency, but the complex interpretation is becoming more common. Common elements of sustainability are environmental and social, as well as economic, issues.

Download Full-text

Competition between Metals for Binding to Methanobactin Enables Expression of Soluble Methane Monooxygenase in the Presence of Copper

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.03151-14 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 81 (3) ◽

pp. 1024-1031 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Bhagyalakshmi Kalidass ◽

Muhammad Farhan Ul-Haque ◽

Bipin S. Baral ◽

Alan A. DiSpirito ◽

Jeremy D. Semrau

Keyword(s):

Methane Monooxygenase ◽

High Specificity ◽

Copper Uptake ◽

Content Type ◽

Soluble Methane Monooxygenase ◽

Sds Page ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Key Factor ◽

Membrane Bound

ABSTRACTIt is well known that copper is a key factor regulating expression of the two forms of methane monooxygenase found in proteobacterial methanotrophs. Of these forms, the cytoplasmic, or soluble, methane monooxygenase (sMMO) is expressed only at low copper concentrations. The membrane-bound, or particulate, methane monooxygenase (pMMO) is constitutively expressed with respect to copper, and such expression increases with increasing copper. Recent findings have shown that copper uptake is mediated by a modified polypeptide, or chalkophore, termed methanobactin. Although methanobactin has high specificity for copper, it can bind other metals, e.g., gold. Here we show that inMethylosinus trichosporiumOB3b, sMMO is expressed and active in the presence of copper if gold is also simultaneously present. Such expression appears to be due to gold binding to methanobactin produced byM. trichosporiumOB3b, thereby limiting copper uptake. Such expression and activity, however, was significantly reduced if methanobactin preloaded with copper was also added. Further, quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-qPCR) of transcripts of genes encoding polypeptides of both forms of MMO and SDS-PAGE results indicate that both sMMO and pMMO can be expressed when copper and gold are present, as gold effectively competes with copper for binding to methanobactin. Such findings suggest that under certain geochemical conditions, both forms of MMO may be expressed and activein situ. Finally, these findings also suggest strategies whereby field sites can be manipulated to enhance sMMO expression, i.e., through the addition of a metal that can compete with copper for binding to methanobactin.

Download Full-text

Integrative analysis of <i>Geobacter</i> spp. and sulfate-reducing bacteria during uranium bioremediation

Biogeosciences ◽

10.5194/bg-9-1033-2012 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 1033-1040 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

M. Barlett ◽

K. Zhuang ◽

R. Mahadevan ◽

D. Lovley

Keyword(s):

Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽

Field Trials ◽

Second Phase ◽

Sulfate Reducing ◽

Organic Electron ◽

Poor Understanding ◽

Key Factor ◽

Reducing Bacteria ◽

The Impact

Abstract. Enhancing microbial U(VI) reduction with the addition of organic electron donors is a promising strategy for immobilizing uranium in contaminated groundwaters, but has yet to be optimized because of a poor understanding of the factors controlling the growth of various microbial communities during bioremediation. In previous field trials in which acetate was added to the subsurface, there were two distinct phases: an initial phase in which acetate-oxidizing, U(VI)-reducing Geobacter predominated and U(VI) was effectively reduced and a second phase in which acetate-oxidizing sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) predominated and U(VI) reduction was poor. The interaction of Geobacter and SRB was investigated both in sediment incubations that mimicked in situ bioremediation and with in silico metabolic modeling. In sediment incubations, Geobacter grew quickly but then declined in numbers as the microbially reducible Fe(III) was depleted whereas the SRB grow more slowly and reached dominance after 30–40 days. Modeling predicted a similar outcome. Additional modeling in which the relative initial percentages of the Geobacter and SRB were varied indicated that there was little to no competitive interaction between Geobacter and SRB when acetate was abundant. Further simulations suggested that the addition of Fe(III) would revive the Geobacter, but have little to no effect on the SRB. This result was confirmed experimentally. The results demonstrate that it is possible to predict the impact of amendments on important components of the subsurface microbial community during groundwater bioremediation. The finding that Fe(III) availability, rather than competition with SRB, is the key factor limiting the activity of Geobacter during in situ uranium bioremediation will aid in the design of improved uranium bioremediation strategies.

Download Full-text