scholarly journals Impact of Tax Reduction Policy on Banking Sector in Pakistan

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 373-382
Author(s):  
Khalid Mahmood Lodhi
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Augmented Dickey Fuller ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Adf Test

This study analyzes the impact of tax policy reforms on the profits of banking sector. The empirical results of unit root and Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test reveal that the data series of tax is positively skewed whereas data series of profitability is negatively skewed. The kurtosis value indicates that all the series are platykurtic. From the value of ADF statistics, it is evident that all the variables are non-stationery at log level and are stationary at their first difference. Granger Causality Test shows that profitability of banking does not granger because tax but tax granger cause profitability of banking which depicts that the change in tax rate affects the profitability of banking industries. The study finds that reduction in corporate income tax rates for banking sector has produced positive impact in shape of increased banking sector profits and assets during the period under review.

scholarly journals The Export Supply Response of Mangoes: A Cointegration and Causality Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Ghafoor ◽  
Khalid Mushtaq ◽  
Abedullah Abedullah
Keyword(s):  
Relative Price ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Export Prices ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Augmented Dickey Fuller ◽  
Export Supply ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
The Impact

This paper analyzes the impact of major factors on the export of mangoes from Pakistan. We use a cointegration approach and error correction mechanism applied to data for the period 1970–2005. Mango exports are regressed against the index of relative prices of mango exports (2000 = 100), the quantity of domestic mango production, real agricultural gross domestic product (GDP), the length of all-weather roads, and international standardization, i.e., the impact of the World Trade Organization agreement. The results of the augmented Dickey-Fuller test reveal that all the data series are I(1). Applying Johansen’s test shows that the highest elasticity coefficients are found for mango production in the short and long run, followed by real agricultural GDP. The Granger causality test points to the bi-directional causality of mango exports with the relative price index and allweather roads, and unidirectional causality with real agricultural GDP and mango production. The study recommends promoting proper orchard management, developing the appropriate infrastructure, and stabilizing export prices to increase mango exports from Pakistan.

scholarly journals Country governance, tourism and environment quality: An emerging economy perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 1737-1746
Author(s):  
Sadaf Akram ◽  
Nayyer Sultana ◽  
Tanzilla Sultana ◽  
Mamoona Majeed ◽  
Rufia Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Augmented Dickey Fuller ◽  
Ordinary Least Square Regression ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Adf Test

The objective of the study has two folds: first, the study analyzes the role of country governance in tourism. Second, the study investigates the impact of tourism on the environmental quality. For this purpose, the data from 1997 to 2018 are collected from the World Bank and Global Economy. Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test and ordinary least square regression models are used to analyze the impact. The study finds positive impact of rule of law, control of corruption, political stability and government effectiveness on tourism. The study also finds a negative relation between tourism and environmental quality of Pakistan. The study recommends the tourism destination planners to continuously monitor their country and to work with the government towards stability and protection and safety of tourists and for the general public. The rules to control corruption must also be implemented in a blanket form. The study also recommends the researchers to promote research on the relationship between country governance and tourism. Overall, the evidence of the study provides innovative information regarding the impact of country governance on tourism and tourism on environmental quality, which political leaders, tourist analysts and policymakers can use to shape policies in order to promote the tourist industries.

scholarly journals External Debt and Economic Growth of Nigeria: An Empirical Investigation

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sajuyigbe, Ademola ◽  
A. Odetayo, Tajudeen ◽  
Z. Adeyemi, Adewumi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
External Debt ◽  
Debt Management ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Augmented Dickey Fuller ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Adf Test

The study investigates the impact of external debt on economic growth in Nigeria for the period 1999-2015. The data for this study was obtained mainly from secondary sources mainly from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletins and Debt Management Office. Time series data on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as a proxy for Economic Growth, External Debt Stock (EXDS), External Debt Service Payment (EDSP), and Exchange Rate (EXGR) were used for the analysis. The techniques of Estimation employed in the study include Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test, Johansen Co-integration, Vector Error Correction Mechanism and Granger Causality Test. Results show that external debt has an inverse effect on economic growth in Nigeria. Subsequently, the study recommends that government should empower Debt Management Office to set the mechanism in place, ensure that loans are utilised for purposes they are meant for and prosecute corrupt public officers who siphoned the money.

scholarly journals Peraturan Perpajakan PP Nomor 23 Tahun 2018 sebagai Suntikan Hormon bagi Pelaku UMKM (?)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-121
Author(s):  
Ismayantika Dyah Puspasari ◽  
Zulistiani Zulistiani
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Business Value ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
The Government ◽  
Qualitative Phenomenological ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to analyze the positive impact of the issuance of Government Regulation no. 23 of 2018 on the growth of MSMEs in terms of capital, profits, and business value. The research method uses a qualitative phenomenological Tran-sendental approach to the concept of "I" with the affirmation of the existence of "I" distinguish one UMKM from another UMKM in seeing the impact of reducing tax rates. The results of this study are that both informants explicitly stated they felt supported by the government with a reduction in the {noema} tax rate so that for them it provided more benefits.

scholarly journals Impact of Financial Risk Indicators on Banks’ Financial Performance in Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Zhongming Tan ◽  
Frimpong Samuel ◽  
Guoping Ding
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Impact

This research is to study the impact of some financial risk indicators on fifteen selected commercial banks’ in Ghana. The indication from the augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test results show that the data series after first difference at the first order achieved stationarity. The analysis of the data revealed the existence of significant long run relationship between bank financial performance and the variables of financial risk in the banking sector. The granger causality test results reveal that there is unidirectional causality flowing from the variables of financial risk This suggest that the indicators of financial risk strongly and actively stimulate and improve the financial performance of banks in Ghana. The study recommends that bank managers should improve on the management of all the indicators of financial risk variables in order to improve on the achievement of the objective of the firm.

scholarly journals The impact of savings on economic growth in a developing country (the case of Kosovo)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Ribaj ◽  
Fitim Mexhuani
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Cointegration Tests ◽  
Savings Rate ◽  
Augmented Dickey Fuller ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe correlation between savings and economic growth has been the subject of research for some well-known economists. This study provides further insight on such correlation by examining the case of Kosovo from both a qualitative and quantitative research methodology. The data used was from 2010 to 2017 and has been analyzed using the augmented Dickey-Fuller tests, Johansen cointegration tests, and Ganger causality test. The test of the unit root confirms stationarity, and the regression results showed that deposits have a significant positive impact on Kosovo’s economic growth, because savings stimulate investment, production, and employment and consequently generate greater sustainable economic growth. Furthermore, loans and remittances also help boost the economy of Kosovo through their direct impact on investment. This paper confirms that countries whose national savings rate is high are not dependent on foreign direct investment; consequently, the risk arising from volatile foreign direct investment decreases significantly.

scholarly journals Malaysian corporate tax rate and revenue: the application of Ibn Khaldun tax theory

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-262
Author(s):  
Hairul Azlan Annuar ◽  
Khadijah Isa ◽  
Salihu Aramide Ibrahim ◽  
Sakiru Adsebola Solarin
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Corporate Tax ◽  
Gradual Reduction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ibn Khaldun ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Optimal Tax ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The present study aims to investigate the impact of the reduction of the corporate tax rate on corporate tax revenue. The study adopts the theory of taxation by Ibn Khaldun, depicted as the Laffer curve. Design/methodology/approach The paper analyses time series data for the period 1996 to 2014 using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach. Findings The paper finds that the corporate tax rate has a dual effect on corporate tax revenue over the study period. It shows an inverted U-shape relationship between the corporate tax rate and corporate tax revenue and reveals that the optimal tax rate is 25.5156 per cent. Inferentially, a positive relationship exists between the two variables prior to the optimal tax rate, and a negative relationship prevails afterwards. A further test of causality shows a long-run unidirectional causality between corporate tax rate and corporate tax revenue. Research limitations/implications First, it should be noted that the policy was not implemented in isolation. Several other tax incentives were given to corporate tax payers, and therefore, such incentives should be controlled for to have a more insightful evaluation of the policy. Second and most important, there is a need to investigate whether the increased cash flow available to firms as a result of the reduction in the corporate tax rate adds value to firms. It is also necessary to investigate whether firms’ stakeholders benefited from the increased cash flow or was there managerial diversion of firms’ resources. Practical implications The policy of gradual reduction of the corporate tax rate in Malaysia is suspected to have a positive impact on the productivity of Malaysian companies, which has contributed to an increase in corporate tax revenue. It also has a positive impact on the economic growth of the country. It means that the lower corporate tax rate has actually reduced the cost of doing business in the country. Originality/value The benefit of increased corporate tax revenue needs to be investigated empirically for insightful policy evaluation. In Malaysia, however, such investigation is close to non-existent to the best knowledge of the researchers. Thus, the present study aims at investigating the impact of the policy of gradual reduction of the corporate tax rate on corporate tax revenue over an 18-year period from 1996 to 2014.

scholarly journals The impact of euro-integration processes on strengthening competitiveness of the banking sector

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
I. Aloshyna
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
International Competitiveness ◽  
Banking Supervision ◽  
Euro Zone ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Banking Institutions ◽  
The Impact

The study considers the essence and effects of economic integration on the Euro zone banking sector. The study explains that the intensification of economic integration of European countries provides a competitive environment for banks. The results found that the integration at the macro level increases the international competitiveness of the banking sector by creating a more transparent single secure market and increasing its capacity through the application of common rules and administrative standards for banking supervision and resolution, and on the meso- and micro levels increases the international competitiveness of banking institutions by increasing efficiency and profitability by increasing the volume of cross-border banking activities within the Euro zone. The conclusions suggest the main instruments of ECB’s monetary policy have a positive impact on improving the competitiveness of the banking sector by removing barriers to cross-border competition. Such instruments helped to create a large and transparent capital market, increase banking sector competitiveness by intensifying competition and efficiency of banks.

scholarly journals Informality and Economic Growth in Nigeria: 1980-2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Yelwa ◽  
A. J. Adam
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Demand Deposit ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Adf Test ◽  
The Relationship

<p><em>The paper examines the impact of informal sector activities on economic growth in Nigeria between 1980-2014. The contributions of informal sector activities to the growth of Nigerian economy cannot be over emphasized. It is the source of livelihood to the majority of poor, unskilled, socially marginalized and female population and is the vital means of survival for the people in the country lacking proper safety nets and unemployment insurance especially those lacking skills from formal sector jobs. The relationship between informality and economic growth is not clear because the sector is not regulated by the law also there is no concrete evidence that this sector enhances growth because the sector’s contributions to growth is not measured. The use of endogenous growth model becomes relevant in this study. The theory emphasizes the role of production on the long-run via a higher rate of technological innovation. The variables that were tested are official economy nominal GDP, informal economy nominal GDP, currency in circulation, demand deposit, ratio of currency in circulation to demand deposit, narrow money, informal economy as percentage of official economy. ADF test was conducted to establish that the data series of all variables are stationary t levels. Having established the stationarity test we also, conducted causality test of the response of official economy nominal GDP to informal economy nominal GDP. In conclusion, the impact of informal sector economy on economic growth in Nigeria is quiet commendable. Even though, the relationship between informality and economic growth is not straight. The paper recommended thus, the need for the government to integrate the activities of the informal economy into formal sector and size of the sector is measured and regulated because their roles are commendable. As it will improve tax collection and enhance fiscal policy.</em></p>

scholarly journals Impact of Implementation of Goods and Service Tax on Indian Banking Sector

2018 ◽  
pp. 18-32
Author(s):  
Revathi R. ◽  
Madhushree ◽  
P. S. Aithal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Bank Branches ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Government ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

The banking sector is one of the biggest and revenue generating sector in our economy. Indiais a country with impressively splendid banks with sufficient capital and well-regulated rulesand regulations. One of the biggest transformations that the sector faced during this period isGST i.e., Goods and Service Tax, a new tax regime introduced in the midnight of 1 July2017. Now the new tax regime has become one year old and there are so many changeswhich happened in the banking sector during this one-year periods. Introduction of GST tothe banking sector was one the highly risky and challenging role for the government. GST isa replacement to the Value Added Tax (VAT) which was implied on goods and services. Themain purpose of studying the impact of implementation of GST is to avoid double taxationon goods and services. It is a self-regulated tax system with a simplifies tax regime whichreduces the multiplicity of tax. The purpose of this study is to know the challenges faced bythe Banking sector and its effects on the customers after the implementation of the GST.New tax regime made an incredible step by the abolish of centralized registration of thebanks. Now all the bank branches have to register under GST in each state for the smoothfunctioning. The tax rate has created an impression in the banking sector that the sector iscontributing much toward the economic growth of the country. Tax slabs is anotherimportant and critical thing discussed in this paper which has substantially increasedcompared to the old tax regime. Data for the study have been collected from secondary datasources such as journals, internet, and news articles. Using the ABCD qualitative analysistechnique, advantages, benefits, constraints, and disadvantages for both banks and thecustomers for payment of GST are identified.

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