scholarly journals Determinants of Risk Behaviour in Livestock Development Programs: Evidence from South Africa's Kaonafatso Yadikgomo (Kyd) Scheme

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5(J)) ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
Saul Ngarava ◽  
Abbyssinia Mushunje ◽  
Amon Taruvinga ◽  
Peter Mukarumbwa ◽  
Simbarashe Tatsvarei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Household Head ◽  
Risk Attitude ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Development Programme ◽  
Risk Attitudes ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Livestock Farmers ◽  
Livestock Development

Risk plays a significant role in input use decisions and production of output in agricultural production. Understanding farmer risk attitudes and their responses to risk is significant in designing effective intervention programmes. Few studies have tried to identify how the introduction of a livestock programme has tended to influence farmer risk profile. The objective of the study was to highlight the determinants of risk behaviour in participants of a livestock development programme. The study was carried out in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) Province of South Africa, utilising a purposive sample of 164 respondents who are part of the Kaonafatso Yadikgomo (KYD) Scheme. The cross-sectional survey collected data pertaining to the risk attitudes of the livestock farmers from an attitudinal scale as well as socio-economic and farm biophysical characteristics. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression were used to analyse the data. The results show that the livestock farmers were risk loving, with the risk attitude being influenced by the age of household head, monthly household income and experience in rearing cattle at the 𝑝 < 0.1 level. Furthermore, the source of income, herd size, reason for slaughtering cattle distance to the nearest water source and access to a dip tank had significant influence of attitude towards risk at the 𝑝 < 0.05 level. The study concludes that being part of a livestock development programme tends inflto uence the risk attitudes of the participants as the determinants were against a priori expectations. 

scholarly journals The prevalence of noma in northwest Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. e002141
Author(s):  
Elise Farley ◽  
Modupe Juliana Oyemakinde ◽  
Jorien Schuurmans ◽  
Cono Ariti ◽  
Fatima Saleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Oral Screening

BackgroundNoma, a rapidly progressing infection of the oral cavity, mainly affects children. The true burden is unknown. This study reports estimated noma prevalence in children in northwest Nigeria.MethodsOral screening was performed on all ≤15 year olds, with caretaker consent, in selected households during this cross-sectional survey. Noma stages were classified using WHO criteria and caretakers answered survey questions. The prevalence of noma was estimated stratified by age group (0–5 and 6–15 years). Factors associated with noma were estimated using logistic regression.ResultsA total of 177 clusters, 3499 households and 7122 children were included. In this sample, 4239 (59.8%) were 0–5 years and 3692 (52.1%) were female. Simple gingivitis was identified in 3.1% (n=181; 95% CI 2.6 to 3.8), acute necrotising gingivitis in 0.1% (n=10; CI 0.1 to 0.3) and oedema in 0.05% (n=3; CI 0.02 to 0.2). No cases of late-stage noma were detected. Multivariable analysis in the group aged 0–5 years showed having a well as the drinking water source (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.1; CI 1.2 to 3.6) and being aged 3–5 years (aOR 3.9; CI 2.1 to 7.8) was associated with being a noma case. In 6–15 year olds, being male (aOR 1.5; CI 1.0 to 2.2) was associated with being a noma case and preparing pap once or more per week (aOR 0.4; CI 0.2 to 0.8) was associated with not having noma. We estimated that 129120 (CI 105294 to 1 52 947) individuals <15 years of age would have any stage of noma at the time of the survey within the two states. Most of these cases (93%; n=120 082) would be children with simple gingivitis.ConclusionsOur study identified a high prevalence of children at risk of developing advanced noma. This disease is important but neglected and therefore merits inclusion in the WHO neglected tropical diseases list.

scholarly journals Prevalence and factors associated with health insurance coverage in resource-poor urban settings in Nairobi, Kenya: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e031543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter O Otieno ◽  
Elvis Omondi Achach Wambiya ◽  
Shukri F Mohamed ◽  
Hermann Pythagore Pierre Donfouet ◽  
Martin K Mutua
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Insurance Cover

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of health insurance and associated factors among households in urban slum settings in Nairobi, Kenya.DesignThe data for this study are from a cross-sectional survey of adults aged 18 years or older from randomly selected households in Viwandani slums (Nairobi, Kenya). Respondents participated in the Lown scholars’ study conducted between June and July 2018.SettingThe Lown scholars’ survey was nested in the Nairobi Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System in Viwandani slums in Nairobi, Kenya.ParticipantsA total of 300 randomly sampled households participated in the survey. The study respondents comprised of either the household head, their spouses or credible adult household members.Primary outcome measureThe primary outcome of this study was enrolment in a health insurance programme. The households were classified into two groups: those having at least one member covered by health insurance and those without any health insurance cover.ResultsThe prevalence of health insurance in the sample was 43%. Being unemployed (adjusted OR (aOR) 0.17; p<0.05; 95% CI 0.06 to 0.47) and seeking care from a public health facility (aOR 0.50; p<0.05; 95% CI 0.28 to 0.89) was significantly associated with lower odds of having a health insurance cover. The odds of having a health insurance cover were significantly lower among respondents who perceived their health status as good (aOR 0.62; p<0.05; 95% CI 1.17 to 5.66) and those who were unsatisfied with the cost of seeking primary care (aOR 0.34; p<0.05; 95% CI 0.17 to 0.69).ConclusionsHealth insurance coverage in Viwandani slums in Nairobi, Kenya, is low. As universal health coverage becomes the growing focus of Kenya’s ‘Big Four Agenda’ for socioeconomic transformation, integrating enabling and need factors in the design of the national health insurance package may scale-up social health protection.

Psychosocial determinants of the intention to use a chlamydia home self-test: awareness of risk behaviour and test accuracy are important elements of educational interventions

Sexual Health ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaby Ronda ◽  
Loes van Bokhoven ◽  
Trudy van der Weijden
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Test

Background The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between psychosocial variables and the intention to use a chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis) home self-test, to enable information to be tailored to the target population. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among an internet panel. A questionnaire was sent to a sample of 227 panellists in October 2006. A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to assess the predictive value of the psychosocial factors for the intention to test. Results: The response rate was 88% (n = 200). Respondents with higher intentions to use a home self-test were younger, perceived themselves to be more susceptible to chlamydia, had more personal experience with chlamydia, felt a stronger moral obligation to do a test and had a higher level of response efficacy than those with lower intentions. Conclusions: This study provides topics for educational interventions aimed at encouraging chlamydia testing in general, and at developing a more effective use of home self-test. Awareness of personal behaviour and information about the probability of false positive and false negative test results with home self-tests should be elements of these interventions.

scholarly journals Risk Behaviour and Youth Resilience-Based on Demographic Profile

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungjungan Simorangkir ◽  
Marina Letara Nababan ◽  
May Rauli Simamora ◽  
Winarti Agustina
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Guidance Services ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Level ◽  
Difficult Times ◽  
Guidance Teachers ◽  
Youth Resilience

Youth who has the ability to adapt and survive in difficult times have a high level of resilience. This study aims to look at the dominant Behavior of adolescents currently and the youth resilience based on gender, types of school, and school major. The sample in this study was 264 high school teenagers in Indonesia. This study used a quantitative method with two design which is a cross-sectional survey and comparative studies. The results showed some of the most risk behaviors seen by students were smoking (84.09%), fighting parents (68.49%), skipping school (60.23%), fighting teachers and school principals (55.68%), and fighting between students (54.17%). The risk behaviors that were rarely seen by teenage students were drugs (5.68%), free sex (4.55%). Stealing (43.18%) and excessive drinking (41.67%) have moderate popularity. Also, there was no significant difference in resilience-based on gender, type of school, and school major. These studies provide an overview of schools of the importance of the availability of Counseling Guidance teachers in providing guidance services and resilience materials.

scholarly journals Role of networking capability, socio-economic and institutional characteristics on adoption tendencies of clean seed potato agri-enterprises in central Rift Valley, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (s1) ◽  
pp. 131-144
Author(s):  
M.J. Ong’ayo ◽  
E.O. Gido ◽  
O.I. Ayuya ◽  
M. Mwangi ◽  
A.M. Kibe
Keyword(s):  
Seed Potato ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Certified Seed ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clean Seed

Even though quality of seed is a major yield determinant in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production and global food security, inadequate availability of and access to high quality (certified) seed is a major challenge to potato producers in Sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of this study was to examine farmer’s adoption tendency towards decentralised clean seed potato multiplication agri-enterprise (CSPMAE) in Central Rift Valley, Kenya, which aids in implementation of stage matched entrepreneurial interventions. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire on 54 seed potato producers and 192 non-seed potato producers, through multistage sampling. Ordered logistic regression analysis, based on the trans-theoretical model, revealed that household head, partner knowledge, gender, land size allocated for potato production, level of education, ownership of transport and/or storage facilities, frequency of interaction with certified seed potato producers and agricultural extension officers influenced adoption tendencies of CSPMAE, positively and significantly. Seed potato value chain stakeholder platforms, development workers and donors should prioritise their support for clean seed agri-enterprises to farmers with such traits. This is likely to lead to increased supply of access to clean seed, thereby improving potato yields in Kenya.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of soil-transmitted helminth infections in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. e0008907
Author(s):  
Johanna Kurscheid ◽  
Budi Laksono ◽  
M. J. Park ◽  
Archie C. A. Clements ◽  
Ross Sadler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Current Control ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Current View ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Central Java

Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are endemic in Indonesia. However, prevalence data for many parts of the country are incomplete. The aim of this study was to determine human STH prevalence and knowledge and practices relating to STH risk behaviour, to provide a current view of the status of STH infection in rural communities in Central Java. A cross-sectional survey of 16 villages was conducted in Semarang, Central Java in 2015. Demographic and household data together with information about knowledge and practices relating to STH and hygiene were elicited through face-to-face interviews. Stool samples were collected and examined using the flotation method. Children (aged 2–12 years) also had their haemoglobin (Hb) levels, height and weight data collected, and BMI estimated. Data were analysed using univariate logistic regression analysis. A total of 6,466 individuals with a mean age of 33.5 years (range: 2–93) from 2,195 households were interviewed. The overall prevalence of STH was 33.8% with Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm) the predominant nematode identified (prevalence = 26.0%). Hookworm and Trichuris trichiura (whipworm) were found in 7.9% and 1.8% of participants, respectively. Females were at increased odds of infection with A. lumbricoides (adjusted OR 1.14, 95% CI [1.02–1.29], p = 0.02). Adults in age groups 51–60 and over 60 years had the highest odds of being infected with hookworm (adjusted OR 3.01, 95% CI [1.84–4.91], p<0.001 and adjusted OR 3.79, 95% CI [2.30–6.26], p<0.001, respectively) compared to 6–12 year olds. Farmers also had higher odds of being infected with hookworm (adjusted OR 2.36, 95% CI [1.17–4.76], p = 0.02) compared to other occupation categories. Poverty (OR 2.14, 95% CI [1.77–2.58], p<0.001), overcrowding (OR 1.35, 95% CI [1.27–1.44], p<0.001), goat ownership (OR 1.61, 95% CI [1.10–2.41], p = 0.02) and the presence of dry floor space in the home (OR 0.73, 95% CI [0.58–0.91], p = 0.01) were all household factors significantly associated with an increased odds of infection. Infection with STH was not significantly associated with the gastrointestinal illness (p>0.05), BMI or Hb levels; however, one third of all 2–12 year olds surveyed were found to be anaemic (i.e. Hb concentrations below 110g/l or 115g/l for children under 5 and 5 years or older, respectively), with a greater proportion of school-age children at risk. Knowledge and behaviour related to hygiene and gastrointestinal diseases varied widely and were generally not associated with STH infection. The study revealed that STH infection remains endemic in Central Java despite ongoing deworming programs. Current control efforts would benefit from being re-evaluated to determine a more effective way forward.

Water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) practices and diarrhoea prevalence among children under five years in a tribal setting in Palghar, Maharashtra, India

2020 ◽  
pp. 136749352091602
Author(s):  
Angeline Jeyakumar ◽  
Swapnil Rajendra Godbharle ◽  
Bibek Raj Giri
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Water Index ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene

Providing safe drinking water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) in geographically isolated settings is a global public health priority. Prevalence of WaSH practices among mothers and diarrhoea among their children (birth to 59 months) was studied in nine randomly selected tribal villages of Mokhada in Palghar, Maharashtra, India. A community-based cross-sectional survey among 577 mother–child pairs was performed. Participants were recruited from the anganwadi list of enrolled children through household visits. WaSH index was used for assessing WaSH practices. Well was the major (47%) drinking water source. Almost 70% treated and covered the stored drinking water. Nearly 75% of the mothers used soap for washing hands before food and 35% after defecation. Open drains and open defecation were observed in 99% and 50% of households, respectively. The median score for drinking water index was 3 (interquartile range (IQR) = 2), personal hygiene index (PHI) was 2 (IQR = 2), household hygiene index (HHI) was 2 (IQR = 1) and composite index (CI) was 6 (IQR = 2). Prevalence of diarrhoea among children was found to be 33.4% and was significantly associated with poor HHI ( p = .007), PHI ( p < .001) and CI ( p < .001). Measures to provide basic WaSH resources combined with efforts to create awareness would ensure improved WaSH practices and prevent diarrhoea.

Cardiovascular risk behaviour is an emerging health issue in developing countries: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 679-690
Author(s):  
Lemma B Negesa ◽  
Judy Magarey ◽  
Philippa Rasmussen ◽  
Jeroen ML Hendriks
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Risk Behaviours ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviours

Background: Low and middle-income countries are facing a high burden of cardiovascular disease while there is limited availability of resources and evidence to educate and modify lifestyle behaviours in the population as well as to guide policy making. Aim: The goal of the present study was to quantify the prevalence of different cardiovascular risk behaviours among patients with known cardiovascular conditions in a developing country. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in two referral hospitals in eastern Ethiopia. Outpatients who had a confirmed diagnosis of cardiovascular disease were recruited for the study. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews with patients using validated tools. Results: A total of 287 cardiovascular disease patients was recruited, of which 56.4% were women and 90.2% were urban residents. Most patients had inadequate consumption of fruit and vegetables, 51.6% were physically inactive, 20% were current khat chewers, 19% were current alcohol drinkers and only 1% were current smokers. Approximately one-third (30%) of the patients had one of these risk behaviours, more than half (51.9%) had two, 15% had three and 3.1% had four risk behaviours. The majority (70%) of the patients had multiple (more than two) risk behaviours. The prevalence of multiple risk behaviours did not significantly vary with sex, residence and educational level differences ( P>0.05). Conclusion: Cardiovascular disease patients continue to follow unhealthy lifestyles although they attend follow-up care with a specific focus on risk management. The findings of this study provide evidence for policy makers that health services reform is required to promote healthy lifestyle behaviours for the patients.

Experience of sexual intercourse and reported risk behaviour among an ethnically diverse sample of young people

Sexual Health ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lester Coleman ◽  
Adrienne Testa
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Health ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Black Males ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexual Health Knowledge

Background: Certain Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) groups have been identified as bearing a disproportionate burden of sexual ill health in the UK. There still exists a significant gap in the evidence-base concerning the sexual behaviours of BME youth. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 16 secondary schools in London, where the proportion of BME students exceeded two-thirds of the intake. The aim was to identify the factors associated with sexual intercourse and sexual risk behaviours. Results: 2801 students aged 15 to 18 completed questionnaires. Compared with White British males, Black males were significantly more likely to report sexual intercourse (OR 3.04, 95% CI 1.92–4.81). Compared with White British females, Asian females were significantly less likely to report sexual intercourse (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.27–0.69). Both sexes reporting school as their main source of information, as opposed to their family, had a lower likelihood of intercourse (males OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.21–0.53, females OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.25–0.62). Compared with White British males, contraceptive use at first ever intercourse was significantly less likely among Black males (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.16–0.98) and males of Mixed ethnicity (OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.06–0.92). Among females, higher sexual health knowledge was associated with contraceptive use (OR 4.69, 95% CI 1.76–12.49). Males reporting higher sexual health knowledge were more likely to be ‘sexually competent’ at first ever intercourse (OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.10–4.69). Conclusions: Given the importance of sexual health knowledge, ensuring this is improved among all ethnic groups, especially the Black and Mixed male groups, is a key message to arise from this study. Delivering this information in a ‘culturally competent’ manner is an important goal.

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