Epidemiology of soil-transmitted helminth infections in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia

Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are endemic in Indonesia. However, prevalence data for many parts of the country are incomplete. The aim of this study was to determine human STH prevalence and knowledge and practices relating to STH risk behaviour, to provide a current view of the status of STH infection in rural communities in Central Java. A cross-sectional survey of 16 villages was conducted in Semarang, Central Java in 2015. Demographic and household data together with information about knowledge and practices relating to STH and hygiene were elicited through face-to-face interviews. Stool samples were collected and examined using the flotation method. Children (aged 2–12 years) also had their haemoglobin (Hb) levels, height and weight data collected, and BMI estimated. Data were analysed using univariate logistic regression analysis. A total of 6,466 individuals with a mean age of 33.5 years (range: 2–93) from 2,195 households were interviewed. The overall prevalence of STH was 33.8% with Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm) the predominant nematode identified (prevalence = 26.0%). Hookworm and Trichuris trichiura (whipworm) were found in 7.9% and 1.8% of participants, respectively. Females were at increased odds of infection with A. lumbricoides (adjusted OR 1.14, 95% CI [1.02–1.29], p = 0.02). Adults in age groups 51–60 and over 60 years had the highest odds of being infected with hookworm (adjusted OR 3.01, 95% CI [1.84–4.91], p<0.001 and adjusted OR 3.79, 95% CI [2.30–6.26], p<0.001, respectively) compared to 6–12 year olds. Farmers also had higher odds of being infected with hookworm (adjusted OR 2.36, 95% CI [1.17–4.76], p = 0.02) compared to other occupation categories. Poverty (OR 2.14, 95% CI [1.77–2.58], p<0.001), overcrowding (OR 1.35, 95% CI [1.27–1.44], p<0.001), goat ownership (OR 1.61, 95% CI [1.10–2.41], p = 0.02) and the presence of dry floor space in the home (OR 0.73, 95% CI [0.58–0.91], p = 0.01) were all household factors significantly associated with an increased odds of infection. Infection with STH was not significantly associated with the gastrointestinal illness (p>0.05), BMI or Hb levels; however, one third of all 2–12 year olds surveyed were found to be anaemic (i.e. Hb concentrations below 110g/l or 115g/l for children under 5 and 5 years or older, respectively), with a greater proportion of school-age children at risk. Knowledge and behaviour related to hygiene and gastrointestinal diseases varied widely and were generally not associated with STH infection. The study revealed that STH infection remains endemic in Central Java despite ongoing deworming programs. Current control efforts would benefit from being re-evaluated to determine a more effective way forward.

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Enterobius vermicularis infection in preschool and schoolchildren of six rural communities from a semiarid region of Venezuela: A clinical and epidemiological study

Helminthologia ◽

10.2478/s11687-006-0016-y ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 81-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

D. Cazorla ◽

M. Acosta ◽

E. García ◽

M. Garvett ◽

A. Ruiz

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Clinical Findings ◽

School Age Children ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lower Socioeconomic ◽

Anal Pruritus ◽

Primary School Age

AbstractBetween August 2001 and July 2002, a cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate clinical and epidemiological data on pinworm infection among 427 preschool and primary school age children of six rural communities from the semiarid region of Falcon state, northwestern Venezuela. Children were evaluated clinically and parasitologically by the Graham method. Overall prevalence was high (63.23 %). Pinworm infection rates were not significantly different between sex or age, suggesting similar transmission pattern and risk conditions for all individuals. Among the clinical findings and children’s habits, only perianal itching, enuresis, bruxism, and finger sucking showed significant higher percentages in infected children than in uninfected. Of interest was that anal pruritus (odds ratio [OR], 2.441), finger sucking (OR, 1.901), lower socioeconomic levels (OR, 4.358) and high levels of overcrowding conditions (≥ 3 persons/room: OR, 1.878; ≥ 2 persons/bed: OR, 11.833) appeared to be significant factors associated with transmission and endemic maintenance of enterobiasis among student children in this semi-arid Venezuelan region.

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A Cross Sectional Survey of Chicken Astroviruses Antibody in Broiler and Sonali (Cross-Bred) Chickens in Selected Areas in Bangladesh

Macedonian Veterinary Review ◽

10.2478/macvetrev-2020-0016 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 75-80

Author(s):

Md Zulfekar Ali ◽

Mohammad Moktader Moula ◽

Zafar Ahmed Bhuiyan ◽

Muhammad Tariq Javed

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Winter Season ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Elisa Kit ◽

Published Report ◽

Poultry Birds ◽

Wide Range ◽

Group B

AbstractChicken astroviruses (CAstV) are enteric viruses of poultry causing gastroenteritis, malabsorption, gout and white chick disease commonly known as runting-stunting syndrome (RSS). It can affect the wide range of poultry birds, especially chicken, turkey and duck worldwide. To our best knowledge there is no published report on presence of antibodies against CAstV in Bangladesh. Therefore, the study aimed to detect the presence of CAstV antibodies in broilers and sonali chickens (a cross-bread) in Bangladesh through a cross-sectional survey. A total of 454 blood samples from 66 flocks of broiler (n=343) and sonali chickens (n=111) of different ages were obtained during 2017 from four districts. The birds were healthy but were not vaccinated against CAstV. The samples were tested for specific antibodies against CAstV Group B by using commercially available ELISA kit. Overall, 16.74% (76/454) samples and 34.84% (23/66) flocks were positive for CAstV antibodies. The seroprevalence of CAstV was significantly (p=0.001) higher in sonali chickens (36.96%) than broiler (10.20%), while it was significantly higher (p=0.001) in birds of Bogura district (36.94%) than the other three districts. Regarding the age groups, seroprevalence was insignificantly (p=0.192) higher in sonali chicken before laying age (45%) than during laying age (27.45%). Regarding the seasons, CAstV infection was prevalent significantly (p=0.001) higher in winter season. Thus, the present study indicated the presence of CAstV in poultry in Bangladesh, so further studies are required to find out the magnitude of the problem in the country.

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Proposal for Improving Records Management Practices of Traditional Institutions in Ga Molepo, South Africa

Mousaion ◽

10.25159/2054 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 46-67

Author(s):

Mahlaga Johannes Molepo ◽

Linda M. Cloete

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Rural Communities ◽

Management Practices ◽

Records Management ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Record Keeping ◽

Local Municipalities ◽

Management Procedures ◽

Traditional Institutions

The way in which an institution treats its records is crucial for its survival in a rapidly changing society. The purpose of the study was to investigate the records management practices and challenges faced by traditional institutions of leadership and governance in Ga Molepo, Limpopo, South Africa. The researcher employed a cross-sectional survey in order to quantitatively examine the challenges faced by members of traditional councils. A researcher administered questionnaire was used as a data collection tool to study a stratified sample of 35 members from an estimated population of 350. The findings revealed patterns and trends of non-compliance with records management standards and guidelines. Although there were sporadic cases of record keeping, a greater number of respondents revealed that traditional institutions lack the facilities, equipment, education and trained/skilled personnel to apply correct records management procedures in their daily administration of their traditional communities. The main value of the study is to create awareness of records management as one of the neglected areas in traditional institutions â€“ which are by current legislative arrangement, the closest form of leadership and governance for rural communities in light of their relationship with local municipalities and the Department of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs.

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Association between Social Media Use for Health Purpose and Depressive Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Survey (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.25007 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hee Yun Lee ◽

Yan Luo ◽

Cho Rong Won ◽

Jiyoung Lee ◽

Jeongwon Baik

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Social Networking Sites ◽

Inverse Relationship ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Use Of Social Media ◽

The Relationship ◽

Health Purpose

BACKGROUND The use of social media or social networking sites (SNS) is increasing across all age groups, and one of the primary motives of using SNS is to seek health-related information. Although previous research examining the effect of SNS use on depression exist, studies regarding the effect of SNS use for health purpose on depression is limited. OBJECTIVE Our study aims to explore the relationship between SNS use for health purpose and depression across the four age groups (18-34 years old, 35-49 years old, 50-64 years old, and above 65 years old). METHODS A sample of 6,789 adults aged 18 and older was extracted from a 2017 and 2018 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS). Univariate and bivariate analyses to examine the association between each variable and four age groups were conducted. Multiple linear regression analyses to predict depression level among participants with use of SNS for health purpose were conducted. RESULTS SNS use for health purpose and depression were positively associated for three age groups but not for those 65 years or older (=0.13, P<0.05; =0.08, P<0.05; =0.09, P<0.05). Income and self-reported health status indicated an inverse relationship for all age groups. The relationship with marital status differed based on age group with 18 and 34 years old showing an inverse relationship (=-0.13, P<0.01) while 65 years or older showing a positive relationship (=0.06, P<0.05). Gender was positively associated among those in the 35-49 years old (=0.09, P<0.05) and 65 years or older (=0.07, P<0.05). Being Non-Hispanic White was positively associated with depression among 50-64 years old (=0.07, P<0.001) and 65 years or older (=0.08, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Age-tailored education on determining accurate and reliable information shared via SNS is needed to reduce depressive symptoms.

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Prevalence and risk factors of worry among teachers during the COVID-19 epidemic in Henan, China: a cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045386 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. e045386

Author(s):

Yanqing Wang ◽

Quanman Li ◽

Clifford Silver Tarimo ◽

Cuiping Wu ◽

Yudong Miao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influencing Factors ◽

Age Groups ◽

Educational Status ◽

Henan Province ◽

Anxiety Level ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

School Location ◽

Fear Level ◽

Attention Level

ObjectiveTo evaluate the level of worry and its influencing factors during the COVID-19 epidemic among teachers in Henan Province in China.Study designA cross-sectional study was conducted.MethodsWe designed a cross-sectional survey that included 88 611 teachers from three cities in Henan Province, China between 4 February 2020 and 12 February 2020. Level of worry was measured using a five-item Likert scale, with 1 being ‘not worried’ and 5 being ‘very worried’. The OR and 95% CI of potential influencing factors for level of worry among study participants were estimated using ordinal logistic regression models.ResultsAbout 59% of teachers reported being ‘very worried’ about the COVID-19 epidemic. The proportion of female teachers was higher than of male teachers (60.33% vs 52.89%). In all age groups considered in this study, a ‘very worried’ condition accounted for the highest proportion. The age group 40–49 years had the lowest proportion of participants who were very worried, 52.34% of whom were men and 58.62% were women. After controlling for potential confounding factors, age, education level, type of teacher, school location, attention level, fear level, anxiety level and behaviour status were all related to level of worry (all p<0.05).ConclusionDuring the COVID-19 epidemic, there was a high proportion of teachers who were ‘very worried’ about the situation in Henan Province, China. Our study may remind policymakers to consider factors including age, educational status, type of teacher, school location, source of information on COVID-19, attention level, anxiety level, fear level and behaviour status to alleviate worry.

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Analyzing Predictors of Control Measures and Psychosocial Problems Associated with COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Eight Countries

Behavioral Sciences ◽

10.3390/bs11080106 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 106

Author(s):

Sheikh Saifur Rahman Jony ◽

Ubydul Haque ◽

Nathaniel J. Webb ◽

Emily Spence ◽

Md. Siddikur Rahman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Psychological Health ◽

Age Groups ◽

Psychosocial Problems ◽

Relevant Information ◽

The United States ◽

Control Measures ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Primary Determinant

COVID-19 has harshly impacted communities globally. This study provides relevant information for creating equitable policy interventions to combat the spread of COVID-19. This study aims to predict the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of the COVID-19 pandemic at a global level to determine control measures and psychosocial problems. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from July to October 2020 using an online questionnaire. Questionnaires were initially distributed to academicians worldwide. These participants distributed the survey among their social, professional, and personal groups. Responses were collected and analyzed from 67 countries, with a sample size of 3031. Finally, based on the number of respondents, eight countries, including Bangladesh, China, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Pakistan, the United States, and Zambia were rigorously analyzed. Specifically, questionnaire responses related to COVID-19 accessibility, behavior, knowledge, opinion, psychological health, and susceptibility were collected and analyzed. As per our analysis, age groups were found to be a primary determinant of behavior, knowledge, opinion, psychological health, and susceptibility scores. Gender was the second most influential determinant for all metrics except information about COVID-19 accessibility, for which education was the second most important determinant. Respondent profession was the third most important metric for all scores. Our findings suggest that greater encouragement from government health authorities and the promotion of health education and policies are essential in the dissemination of COVID-19-awareness and increased control of the spread of COVID-19.

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Prevalence of eczema among older persons: A population-based cross-sectional study

Indian Journal of Dermatology Venereology and Leprology ◽

10.25259/ijdvl_990_19 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Vijayan Neena ◽

Neelakandhan Asokan ◽

Rajany Jose ◽

A. Sarin

Keyword(s):

Older Persons ◽

Health Workers ◽

Age Groups ◽

Medical Knowledge ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Community Based Interventions ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lichen Simplex Chronicus

Background: There are very few population-based studies on the prevalence of eczema among older persons Aims: To estimate the prevalence and types of eczema in those aged 65 years or more in the community and to evaluate the effectiveness of community-based interventions for case finding. Methods: In the first stage of this cross-sectional survey, trained health workers of a non-governmental organization surveyed the eligible population and identified persons likely to have eczema. In the second stage, dermatologists examined such persons to ascertain the diagnosis. Statistical analysis was done using Epi Info software version 7. Prevalence of eczema was expressed in percentages. Chi-square test was used for comparing the difference in prevalence of eczema in various age groups and sex. Results: Health workers identified 98 persons as possible cases of eczema after interviewing 385 older persons in the community. Among them 95 persons were examined by dermatologists and 44 were confirmed to have eczema (diagnostic accuracy of health workers = 46.3%).Point prevalence of eczema was 11.4% (44/385). Prevalence was similar in males and females. It was greater (18.2 %) among persons aged 81 years or more. Asteatotic eczema, gravitational eczema and lichen simplex chronicus were the more common types of eczema. Limitations: Possible underestimation of the prevalence rates due to limited medical knowledge of health workers; limited facilities for examination and investigations at the medical camps and home visits. Conclusion: There appears to be a considerable burden of eczema among older persons in the community. A community-based approach involving non-governmental organizations has the potential to identify cases and offer care close to their homes.

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Associations of Sleep Problems With Asthma/wheeze and Allergic Rhinitis Among Chinese Children Aged 0-6 Years: a Cross-sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-930049/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ying Ma ◽

Jie Tang ◽

Yuqi Wen ◽

Yan Hu ◽

Jingjing Liang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Sleep Problems ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chinese Children ◽

Physical Growth ◽

School Age Children ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Short Sleep Duration ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nocturnal Awakening

Abstract Background: Asthma/wheeze and allergic rhinitis are common among pre-school age children, which urgently need to identify more modifiable risk factors for prevention. The aim of this study was to examine the associations of sleep problems with asthma/wheeze and allergic rhinitis among Chinese children aged 0-6 years. Methods: This cross-sectional survey, a part of the National Survey on Physical Growth and Development of Children in nine cities of China (NSPGDC), was conducted in Guangzhou, China. Children aged 0-6 years were randomly selected from 29 communities and 32 kindergartens. Asthma/wheeze, allergic rhinitis and sleep problem were evaluated by a valid questionnaire which was completed by participants’ parent(s). Binary logistic regression models were employed to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for asthma/wheeze and allergic rhinitis according to short sleep duration, late bedtime and frequent nocturnal awaking. Results: We included 13376 children aged 0~6 years. Of these, 371 (2.8%) diagnosed as asthma/wheeze, and 610 (4.6%) diagnosed as allergic rhinitis. Frequent nocturnal awakening was associated with asthma/wheeze and allergic rhinitis, adjusted OR were 1.53 (95% CI: 1.20~1.94) and 1.39(1.14-1.71), respectively. Further subgroup analysis showed the association of frequent nocturnal awakening with asthma/wheeze and allergic rhinitis differed by age. No significant associations of short duration and late bedtime with asthma/wheeze and allergic rhinitis were identified. Conclusions: Our data suggested that frequent nocturnal awakening was associated with asthma/wheeze and allergic rhinitis, but this association differed by age. Further studies are warranted to confirm its’ causal association and to understand the underlying mechanisms.

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FREQUENCY OF FUNCTIONAL DISABILITY AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENTS IN SUB-ACUTE STROKE PATIENTS

Pakistan Journal of Rehabilitation ◽

10.36283/pjr.zu.10.2/013 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 69-74

Author(s):

Aisha Sarfaraz ◽

Dr Abdul Azeem ◽

Mehwish Butt ◽

Muhammad Umar

Keyword(s):

Acute Stroke ◽

Functional Disability ◽

Cognitive Impairments ◽

Age Groups ◽

Female Gender ◽

Primary Objective ◽

P Value ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Stroke is a very common neurological condition affects various aspects of health. The primary objective of this study was to find out the frequency of functional disability and cognitive impairments in Sub-acute Stroke patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 112 Sub-acute Stroke patients in Karachi, Pakistan. Using Barthel Index (BI) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) test was used to find out the frequency of functional disability and cognitive impairments of Sub-acute Stroke patients. RESULTS The correlation of BI scores with MMSE scores for the Male gender was 0.576 whilst the correlation of BI scores with MMSE scores for the Female gender was 0.440. The severity of functional disability concerning age groups assessed P-value was 0.026 using Chi-Square Test. The severity of functional disability (BI severity) concerning gender, P-value was found 0.097 using the same test. CONCLUSION Functional Disability is directly linked with age. However, there was no linkage established between Cognitive Impairment and age as well as gender. On close inspection, there was a trend between Functional disability and gender but not statistically significant.

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Distribution of sources of household air pollution: a cross-sectional study in Cameroon

10.21203/rs.3.rs-21688/v4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Esong Miranda Baame ◽

André Pascal Goura ◽

Bertrand Hugo Ngahane Mbatchou ◽

Berenice Walage ◽

Herman Styve Yomi Simo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Rural Communities ◽

Health District ◽

Household Air Pollution ◽

Easy Access ◽

Population Exposure ◽

Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Household air pollution (HAP) is a recognised risk factor for many diseases, including respiratory diseases, cardiovascular/circulatory disorders, adverse pregnancy outcomes and cataracts. Population exposure to biomass fuels, including wood, varies among countries and from one fuel source to the other. This study aimed to investigate the different sources of HAP in peri-urban and rural communities in Cameroon. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a representative sample of households from the Dschang Health District (DHD) region. This included 848 homes in which a range of fuels for cooking including biomass (firewood, charcoal, sawdust), kerosene and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) were used both indoors and outdoors. Results: Of the study households, 651 (77%) reported exclusive use of firewood and 141 (17%) reported using more than one source of fuel. Exclusive use of firewood was greater in rural communities (94%) than in peri-urban communities (38%). In peri-urban communites, use of multiple fuels including LPG, wood, sawdust and kerosene, was more common (44.75%). A total of 25.03% of households in both peri-urban and rural communities reported using bottled gas (or liquified petroleum gas (LPG) for cooking. Motivations for choice of fuel included, price, availability (easy access), rapidity, tradition or culture related factorsConclusion: Wood is the main cooking fuel in both peri-urban and rural communities in the Dschang Health District. Work to help households (especially those who are resource poor) to adopt LPG equipment for cooking, and use in a more exclusive way is required.

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