scholarly journals The Living Conditions of Female Head Porters in the Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 229-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Yaaba Baah-Ennumh ◽  
Martina Owusu Adoma .
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
The South ◽  
Young Girls ◽  
Female Head ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Migration of the economically active population from northern to southern Ghana is an old age phenomenon sustained by the incessant perception of abundant job opportunities in the south. Recently, young girls and women who migrate to work as head porters have dominated the phenomenon. The purpose of this paper was to examine the reasons for their continuous migration to the Kumasi Metropolis and the conditions under which they live and work. Complementary data from 100 head porters and five institutions revealed that most of the head porters were children (under age 18) living in harsh and hazardous conditions which include poor housing, health care delivery, nutrition, and water and sanitation. The authors conclude that the relentless desire of young girls and women to work as head porters in the south and the associated poor living conditions could be minimised if youth policies are implemented with direct focus on capacity building for the head porters. The long-term remedy to the menace, the authors maintain, lies with socioeconomic development of the rural-supplying areas to bridge the development gap between the urban and rural areas.

scholarly journals Does living in an urban environment confer advantages for childhood nutritional status? Analysis of disparities in nutritional status by wealth and residence in Angola, Central African Republic and Senegal

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina Kennedy ◽  
Guy Nantel ◽  
Inge D Brouwer ◽  
Frans J Kok
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Poor Children

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between childhood undernutrition and poverty in urban and rural areas.DesignAnthropometric and socio-economic data from Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys in Angola-Secured Territory (Angola ST), Central African Republic and Senegal were used in this analysis. The population considered in this study is children 0–59 months, whose records include complete anthropometric data on height, weight, age, gender, socio-economic level and urban or rural area of residence. In addition to simple urban/rural comparisons, the population was stratified using a wealth index based on living conditions and asset ownership to compare the prevalence, mean Z-score and odds ratios for stunting and wasting.ResultsIn all cases, when using a simple urban/rural comparison, the prevalence of stunting was significantly higher in rural areas. However, when the urban and rural populations were stratified using a measure of wealth, the differences in prevalence of stunting and underweight in urban and rural areas of Angola ST, Central African Republic and Senegal disappeared. Poor children in these urban areas were just as likely to be stunted or underweight as poor children living in rural areas. The odds ratio of stunting in the poorest compared with the richest quintile was 3.4, 3.2 and 1.5 in Angola ST, Senegal and Central African Republic, respectively.ConclusionsThis paper demonstrates that simple urban/rural comparisons mask wide disparities in subgroups according to wealth. There is a strong relationship between poverty and chronic undernutrition in both urban and rural areas; this relationship does not change simply by living in an urban environment. However, urban and rural living conditions and lifestyles differ, and it is important to consider these differences when designing programmes and policies to address undernutrition.

THEODORE LEVIN, The Hundred Thousand Fools of God: Musical Travels in Central Asia (and Queens, New York) (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1996, repr. 1999). Pp. 335.

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 320-322
Author(s):  
OWEN WRIGHT
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
The South ◽  
Indiana University ◽  
General Introduction ◽  
Impossible Task ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Soviet Central Asia ◽  
Travel Accounts

As the first general introduction to the musical worlds of the successor states to Soviet Central Asia, this admirable work fills an important gap. Moreover, it does so in an individual and highly attractive way, eschewing the would-be objectivity of a dryly analytical monograph in favor of a looser framework of travel accounts, each rich in specific and revelatory detail but, at the same time, developing a series of thematic constants. To cover all of Central Asia in this way would have been an impossible task, however, and what we are presented with is in essence an exploration of widely separated and contrasting urban and rural areas of Uzbekistan supplemented by forays into northern Tajikistan. Beginning in Tashkent, the itinerary proceeds successively through Bukhara, Surxandarya, and Qashkandarya in the south, and Khorezm; then to Tajikistan (the Upper Zaravshan and Yagnâb, and Shahristan); and finally (following the fortunes of Bukharan Jewish émigré musicians) to New York.

scholarly journals Stunting Distribution in Mexico, An Unsolved Problem

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1391-1391
Author(s):  
Lucia Cuevas-Nasu ◽  
Teresa Shamah-Levy ◽  
MarcoAntonio Avila Arcos ◽  
Luz María Gómez-Acosta
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
The South ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Children Development

Abstract Objectives To update the stunting prevalence among Mexican preschool children and its association with socio demographic variables and social development programs. Results from National Health and Nutrition Survey 2018 (ENSANUT 2018). Methods ENSANUT-2018 is a national survey based on a multistage, stratified design. It is representative of the urban and rural areas and the four regions of Mexico: north, central, south and Mexico City and is comparable with the national surveys conducted in Mexico since 1988. In 2018, the sample consisted of 3868 preschool-age children (9 million 738 thousand subjects aged 0–4 years). Measurements included weight and height. The stunting, low weight and wasting (<−2 SD of z-score) prevalence's were obtained according to OMS 2006. Prevalences were adjusted for study design. Results Currently in Mexico, the stunting prevalence is 16.3%, that represent a million and a half of preschool children in such condition. In 2012 this cipher was three percentage points lower (13.6%). Low weight and wasting are at present 5.0% and 1.4% respectively. In rural localities from the south region of the Country stunting prevalence is 20%. In 40% of the households with low or very low Socioeconomic Index (NSE) a stunted preschool child lives. To inhabit in rural localities from the south of the country and live in a household with low NSE is positively associated with stunting in Mexico. Conclusions Mexico shows a slight increase of the stunting prevalence in contrast with the seen on previous decades. Chronical malnutrition is a risk factor for health, survival and children development, due to this, efforts must be enhanced for its control and prevention. Funding Sources Supported by Ministry of Health, Mexico.

scholarly journals The Dynamics of the Housing Construction in the Republics of the USSR in the 1920s-1980s

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-595
Author(s):  
Igor Pilipenko
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Housing Tenure ◽  
Housing Construction ◽  
Individual Housing ◽  
The People ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Despite 30 years of market reforms, the main difference between the housing sector in Russia and other post-socialist countries and that of the advanced Western nations lies in housing tenure distribution. In the former states, outright homeowners with property mainly built in the planned economy dominate the market. At the same time, in the latter countries, the majority of households pay rent or take out a mortgage (these types of households account for three-quarters of households in the USA and on average almost two-thirds of households in Western and Northern European nations). This article examines the evolution of main indicators of housing construction in the USSR as well as in the 15 Union republics from 1918 to 1990. The research rests upon a database composed by the author from more than 120 official statistical sources at the national and Republics' level. This work covers not only state housing construction but also individual housing construction as well as housing construction cooperatives in the USSR republics, which the post-Soviet and foreign scholarly literature have often neglected. We identify the main stages of housing construction in the USSR and analyze the data on housing completions in urban and rural areas, the evolution of the housing stock, flats and houses built, and the statistics on the people in the Union Republics who improved their living conditions. The time series collected and per capita indicators across the 15 republics of the USSR calculated by the author, reveal quite synchronized development of their housing sectors. Nevertheless, the three Baltic republics were leaders in many per capita indicators, whereas the RSFSR, the Kazakh, Byelorussian and Armenian SSR stood out in terms of housing completions and share of people who improved their living conditions. At the same time, the Georgian, Ukrainian and Moldavian SSR excelled in floor area per person.

Health Care Delivery System in the United States: Lessons for Africa

1980 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takarinda Samuel Agere
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Health Care Delivery ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Care Delivery System ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

[ ABSTRACT: This paper examines how an African country, Zambia, reproduces patterns of health care delivery system of the West characterized by U.S. The replication of pattern of health discriminates against the poor, and rural in habitants. First, a brief theoretical analysis of underdevelopment is provided. Secondly, the structure of the present U.S health care delivery system is provided high lighting t'he role of the academic-medical component. The analysis shows how health care resources are distributed among socio- economic, racial groups and between urban and rural areas. 'The major part of the paper examines health care delivery system in Zambia, outlining those areas that are replicated. The paper emphasizes that this should serve as lessons for Africa. This replication is made possible by the indigenous African middle class through which Western values are transmitted. This class (elites) is in control of state machinery and makes decisions on the distribution, and consumption of health resources. In conclusion, I recommend a radical economic and political transforma tion of these societies if resources have to be distributed equitably.]

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE LEVEL OF PHYSICAL READINESS OF URBAN AND RURAL STUDENTS OF 7-8 CLASSES

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6(56)) ◽  
pp. 29-31
Author(s):  
Vladimir Sokolov ◽  
Elena Kostenko ◽  
Semyon Uyutkina
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Rural Students ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

In connection with the adjustment of the program and normative documents of educational institutions, a comparative analysis was carried out and an assessment of the level of physical fitness of students in grades 7-8 living in urban and rural areas was given. The results of the study confirmed the need to take into account the living conditions of children when organizing and conducting physical education lessons at school.

The socioeconomic effects of small-scale women businesses in broom production and marketing industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ijeoma Ikejiofor Nwosu ◽  
Rita Oluchi Onoyima ◽  
Ignatius Ani Madu ◽  
Victor Chukwunweike Nwokocha
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
The Government

Purpose Broom production and marketing is a local business industry operated by women in Nigeria. This activity serves not only as a source of livelihood to women but also has created job opportunities for the teeming unemployed persons in the rural areas. This paper aims to examine socioeconomic effects of small-scale women businesses in broom production and marketing industry in Nigeria with a view to analyze small-scale women businesses in Igbo Eze North District of Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach New economic theory was used to guide the study. The study adopted a quantitative research design comprising of semi-structured interviews, field observations, reference to relevant literature and a questionnaire survey of 340 female households engaged in broom production and marketing from fifteen villages. This sample size was selected using purposive sampling technique and Yamane formula. Frequencies and Spearman rank correlation were used to analyze the data. Findings The study found that broom production and marketing have an effect on the socioeconomic development of the people. The study found a positive relationship between broom production and marketing and income generated, education and occupation in the study area. This study concluded by suggesting that broom production in the study area should be mechanized to improve the quality and quantity of broom produced in the area. Practical implications This study has shown that Nigerian women have good potentials for entrepreneurship. Both the society and the government authorities should work together in supporting female ventures in Nigeria. Originality/value The paper empirically has shown the socioeconomic effects of small-scale women businesses in broom production and marketing on local household of Igbo Eze North District of Nigeria. This study stands as the first in Nigeria to consider the effects of broom production and marketing and how women in this part of Nigeria have used it to create job opportunities and opportunities of income for themselves and their families.

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