scholarly journals Challenges of Depopulation in Latvia’s Rural Areas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandrs Dahs ◽  
◽  
Atis Berzins ◽  
Juris Krumins ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Local Municipalities ◽  
Demographic Challenges ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Rural Depopulation ◽  
Households With Children ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

The administrative territorial reform of 2021 in Latvia has changed the shape and structure of local municipalities. Previous studies have shown that disparities and challenges in terms of demographic development will be even more evident between the newly formed municipalities than they were prior to the reform, creating greater demographic risks for the rural areas. By using the available statistical information and geographically weighted regression models, this study aims to evaluate the demographic challenges in Latvia’s rural areas and to determine main socio economic factors linked to the rural depopulation processes. Key indicators linked to the depopulation process are evaluated and discussed by the authors in the context of gender balance, development centre accessibility and other socio economic factors. Authors conclude that supporting and developing local industries, public services and infrastructure facilitating diverse employment options and equal opportunities for working age females is a paramount condition for slowing or reversing rural depopulation in in the long term. Regional development centres in general and particularly those located in remote areas show little or no immediate effect on the population dynamics. However, these centres offer more diverse employment opportunities and essential social services, making them more attractive to working age females and households with children. Digitalization and focus on location-independent employment and services is another important route to explore in the new rural development setting.

Menstrual knowledge and perceptions of schoolgirls in Bangladesh: do socio-economic factors really matter?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulsan Ara Parvin ◽  
Nina Takashino ◽  
Md. Shahidul Islam ◽  
Md. Habibur Rahman ◽  
Md. Anwarul Abedin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Professional Occupation ◽  
Menstrual Knowledge ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Purpose This study aims to explore whether socio-economic factors determine the level of menstrual knowledge and perceptions of schoolgirls in Bangladesh. The aim of this study is to understand how knowledge and perceptions vary with variations in the different socio-economic factors in a schoolgirl’s life such as place of residence, religion, age, grade, parents’ education, parents’ occupation, family income and even family size. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from four schools (two in urban areas and two in rural areas). A total of 450 schoolgirls from grades V–X were interviewed to examine how knowledge and perceptions varied with different socio-economic aspects. Multiple logistic regression models were used to measure the associations between various socio-economic variables and perceptions of and knowledge about menstruation. Findings Respondents from urban areas were 4.75 times more likely and those 14–16 years old were two times more likely to report higher levels of knowledge about menstruation compared to their counterparts. Based on the father’s occupation, respondents whose father was engaged in a professional occupation were 1.983 times more likely to have a higher level of knowledge on menstruation compared to those whose fathers were in an unskilled profession. Similarly, the odds of positive perceptions on menstruation were 1.456 and 1.987 times higher, respectively, among respondents living in urban areas and those 14–16 years old, compared to their counterparts. Originality/value This study provides evidence that different socio-economic and even demographic factors are important in the development of menstrual knowledge and perceptions. Policy formulation and development actions related to adolescent girls’ physical and reproductive health development need to consider these factors in Bangladesh and in other developing countries, where poor knowledge and perception related to menstruation are hindering girls’ mental and physical development. This is expected that better knowledge and perception will facilitate girls’ right to have better health and social lives.

scholarly journals Determinants of antenatal care visits and their impact on the choice of birthplace among mothers in Uganda: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shallon Atuhaire ◽  
John Francis Mugisha
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Health Facility ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Cochrane Review ◽  
Maternal Health Services ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Objective: The utilization of Antenatal Care (ANC) services to the recommended time by WHO is still low in developing countries. In Uganda, about 990,000 women become pregnant annually, 90 to 94% of whom attend at least the first ANC visit while 65% and 58% of them attend four or more times in urban and rural areas respectively with eventual health facility birth at about 62%, homebirth and TBA together at about 38%. The study determined antenatal care attendance and the mother’s choice of birthplace in Uganda. Materials and methods: Using electronic databases mainly Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed and African Journals Online, and journal articles of international Website, 70,195 articles were identified but only 19 met the Cochrane review inclusion criteria hence were reviewed. Results: Reviewed studies attribute a decline in antenatal care visits and subsequent choice of birthplace to institutional, demographic and socio-economic factors. The demographic factors are maternal age (mothers less than eighteen years are less likely to utilize maternal health services than those above), marital status, occupation, residency, distance from home to the health facility, and parity. The socio-economic factors are mothers’ and partners’ levels of education (less educated women and their partners are less likely to utilize ANC), household income which affects transportation and medical bills, cultural norms and taboos, patriarchy society, enrollment on ANC in the third trimester, and intrinsic factors of attending ANC such as obtaining ANC card to present in case of emergency. Institutional factors include quality of medical care, availability of logistics and supplies, and health workers’ influence in terms of attitude, referral, competences, and staffing. Conclusion: Pregnant women who attend ANC are more likely to deliver in the health facility than those who do not at all. To enable them to attend ANC to full term and have a health facility delivery, their empowerment for increased self-efficacy through education, sustainable livelihood training and provision of subsidized capital alongside partner involvement. The facilitation of health facilities would also attract them.

scholarly journals Multidimensional Comparative Analysis of Demographic Growth of Voivodeships in Poland

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 5-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Sojka
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Development Pattern ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Demographic Growth ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Multidimensional Comparative Analysis of Demographic Growth of Voivodeships in Poland The article presents results of a multidimensional comparative analysis of the level of demographic development of voivodeships in Poland in years 1999-2006. Hellwig's synthetic measure of a development pattern was applied and on its basis the classification of voivodeships into homogenous typological groups was carried out with regard to demographic development.The results of the research have pointed to a significant influence of socio-economic factors on the extent of advancement of given voivodeships in reaching a modern type of population reproduction.

scholarly journals Socio-Economic Factors Affecting The Maternal Health In Rural Areas Of District Layyah, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Ghulam Abbas ◽  
Naseer Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Health ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Socio Economic Factors ◽  
Fertile Women

The present quantitative study was conducted to explore the socio-economic factors affecting on the maternal health in the rural areas of District Layyah. The universe of the present study consisted of the all the fertile women those were able to reproduce. 150 women were selected from the rural areas of the research areas through systematic random sampling. Description of the data and analysis was done through SPSS. It was concluded that the early marriages, low level of education and income, unavailability of the maternal homes and general hospitals, far away of the hospitals, and the absence of doctors and gynecologists in the rural areas and the traditional methods of delivery cases are the major causes of the low level of maternal health in the rural areas of the study area. It was recommended that to improve the maternal health education and income level should be raised and awareness should be given in the study areas.

CERTAIN TRENDS IN DEMOGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS IN THE XXI CENTURY

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 8-8
Author(s):  
A.Yu. Senchenko ◽  
◽  
V.F. Kapitonov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
The State ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Krasnoyarsk Region ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population

Implementation of the "Concept of demographic policy of the Russian Federation for the period until 2025" and Priority national projects in health and demography helped to reduce mortality and increase birth rate. However, these processes in rural areas had their own characteristics due to the long-term systemic crisis. Purpose: to assess the state and trends in demographic development of the rural district of the Krasnoyarsk region. Material and methods. The paper uses data of the State statistics for the period 2010-2018. The main demographic indicators of the Nizhneingashsky district of the Krasnoyarsk region were studied: population size, population structure by age and gender, birth and death rates. Results. The district population has a long-term sustainable tendency towards decreasing (15.9% during the study period). It is mainly due to the migration outflow of the working – age population, the size of which decreased by 24.6 %. The district mortality rate is high (16.7‰), however, during the study period it has dropped by 30.3 %. There is an ongoing tendency towards reduction in the share of people of working ages (up to 55.9%) in the population structure, primarily due to moving to other territories, and increase in the share of the elderly and senile (up to 23.9%), which makes it possible to classify this area as the one with a very high level of demographic old age population. Analysis of indicators of the special birth rate F allows us to characterize it as low (˂ 64‰). The growth rate of this indicator added up to 20.9 % in 2013 compared to 2010, while it decreased by 45.9% from 2013 to 2018. From 2010 to 2017, the total birth rate in the Nizhneingashsky district decreased by -1.02‰ (∆b), or 7.5 %. Conclusion. The ongoing decline in the share of fertile females is the main demographic factor that has spurred the decline in the birth rate since 2013. Opening new jobs in the district will stimulate the influx of people from other territories as well as reduce the migration outflow of the working-age population, rather increasing the population then just preserving its size. Increase in the share of the working-age population of reproductive age will contribute to the increased birth rate, because it is traditionally higher in rural areas. Improving demographic situation in the district requires development of socio-economic measures aimed at stimulating the birth of the third and subsequent children.

scholarly journals Analysis of Built-Up Areas of Small Polish Cities with the Use of Deep Learning and Geographically Weighted Regression

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Maciej Adamiak ◽  
Iwona Jażdżewska ◽  
Marta Nalej
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Geographically Weighted Regression ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Weighted Regression ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Small cities are an important part of the settlement system, a link between rural areas and large cities. Although they perform important functions, research focuses on large cities and metropolises while marginalizing small cities, the study of which is of great importance to progress in social sciences, geography, and urban planning. The main goal of this paper was to verify the impact of selected socio-economic factors on the share of built-up areas in 665 small Polish cities in 2019. Data from the Database of Topographic Objects (BDOT), Sentinel-2 satellite imagery from 2015 and 2019, and Local Data Bank by Statistics Poland form 2019 were used in the research. A machine learning segmentation procedure was used to obtain the data on the occurrence of built-up areas. Hot Spot (Getis-Ord Gi*) analysis and geographically weighted regression (GWR) was applied to explain spatially varying impact of factors related to population, spatial and economic development, and living standards on the share of built-up areas in the area of small cities. Significant association was found between the population density and the share of built-up areas in the area of the cities studied. The influence of the other socio-economic factors examined, related to the spatial and economic development of the cities and the quality of life of the inhabitants, showed great regional variation. The results also indicated that the share of built-up areas in the area of the cities under study is a result of the conditions under which they were established and developed throughout their existence, and not only of the socio-economic factors affecting them at present.

scholarly journals Household socio-economic status and likelihood of HIV infection among under five-year children in Muheza district, north-eastern Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veneranda M. Bwana ◽  
Edgar Simulundu ◽  
Leonard E.G. Mboera ◽  
Sayoki G. Mfinanga ◽  
Charles Michelo
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

AbstractBackgroundThere are evidences of the association between socio-economic factors and HIV prevalence in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, there is dearth of information on such relationship in Tanzania. Here, we present data on the relationship between household’s socio-economic factors and HIV prevalence among under five-year children in Muheza district, Tanzania.MethodsWe conducted a facility-based study from June 2015 to June 2016 in which we enrolled under five-year children born to HIV positive mothers. Information on HIV status of the child and socio-demographic characteristic of the head of the household was collected using a structured questionnaire. Data analysis was done using STATA version 13.0.ResultsA total of 576 mothers/guardians were interviewed each with respective HIV exposed under five-year child. Children who belonged to a head of household with at least a high education level (AOR= 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.8) and living in a relatively wealthy household (AOR = 0.5, 95% CI 0.2-0.9) was associated with reduced odds of HIV infection among children. Univariate analysis revealed that the odds of HIV infection was three-fold (COR = 2.9, 95% CI 1.2-7.0) higher among children living in rural than in urban areas. The heads of household living in rural areas (AOR=0.3 95% CI 0.1-0.9) had low education level compared to those living in urban areas.ConclusionChildren who belong to the head of households with high educational level, high household wealth were associated with reduced likelihood of HIV infection in Tanzania. Children living in rural areas had increased likelihood of acquiring HIV infection. These findings stress the need to focus on improving education status of the population and economically disadvantaged populations as a strategy for HIV prevention and control measures.

scholarly journals Agricultural population of Belgrade city territory: Basic tendencies in the demographic development, problems and possibilities of its revitalization

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-132
Author(s):  
Jasmina Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Total Population ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
World War ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Territorial Organization ◽  
Organization Of Production ◽  
Second World ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

The territory of Belgrade city after the Second World War, has been characterized by the intensive processes of qualitative transformation concerning settling and arrangement of population, territorial organization of production and other activities. The facts that mostly influenced these processes are migrations, caused by economic movements and development. There has been a sudden transfer of agricultural population into non-agricultural activities. Participation of agricultural population in total population of Belgrade city has decreased from 29,7% in 1953 to 12,6% in 1971, and to 2,2% in 2002. Participation of active agricultural population in total active population in Belgrade city has decreased from 34,5% in 1953 to 16,3% in 1971, and to 4,1% in 2002. The decrease of the total and active agricultural population is the result of the weakened influence of demographic factors (changes in number and structure of the total and active population), as well as the greater influence of socio-economic factors. The basic tendencies of the future demographic development of agricultural population are influenced by the possibilities of its revitalization, because demographic reserves to from new working powers in agriculture are endangered.

scholarly journals Rural Depopulation Pattern at Yogyakarta Special Province (DIY)

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Baiquni ◽  
Luthfi Muta’ali
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Rural Infrastructure ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Rural Depopulation

Rural population in Yogyakarta Special Province (DIY), in the last two decades, have shown dramatical changes in its quantity and quality. Depopulation is one of the interseting hanges which may considered as unique in term of its spatial distribution. Rural depopulation is a nebulous phenomenon which many factors, actors, and other  phenomenon are involved in shoping depopulation. It is related to socio – economic hanges such as a) shifting economic structure and labour in rural areas from agricultural to non – agriculture sectors; b) growing urban economy leads by industry which may creates employment opportunities and adsorb labours or migrants; c) improving social development related to technological innovation, accessibility and resource availability. Besides the sicio – economic factors, physical geographycal factors may influence to depopulation pattern.This paper is based on a secondary data research i.e. statistical data at rural levels in Yogyakarta, thematics maps and other documents. Statistical methodes and map pattern analysis are employed to analysis data. The result of this research are as follows: a) the rural depopulation in DIY can be found in 189 rural areas of 393 rural areas (48.09%); b) the spatial distribution of the rural depopulation are in Gunung Kidul District (80 rural areas), Kulon Progo District (59 rural areas) Sleman District (33 rural areas), and Bantul District (17 rural areas); c) the rural depopulation in Yogyakarta at least related to six factors whih have been identified as out – migration, local resources, carrying capacity, geographycal location or accessibility, rural infrastructure, and service availability.

THE IDEOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS OF PEASANT EXILE IN 1930-1940 (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE OSTYAKO-VOGULSKY NATIONAL DISTRICT)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6/1) ◽  
pp. 142-149
Author(s):  
Tatyana V. KOZYREVA
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
System Development ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Settlements ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

History of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug is an integral part of the Russian history. Event of regional history are often becomes the subject of study of a wide range of researchers. The purpose of the article is to analyze the ideological and socioeconomic factors of the peasant exile in 1930-1940 on the example of the OstyakoVogulsky National District. The work presents an analysis of state policy towards kulaks. The Orders presented in the article, the Decrees, the analysis of the policies pursued by the Soviet authorities, allow us to consider the ideological foundations of the kulak exile. Socio-economic factors reflect the process of special settlements system development, the use of forced labor of special settlers in the Ostyako-Vogulsky National District, its ways and measures. Describes the process of settlement of Ostyako-Vogulsky National District special resettlers. Special villages were organized in areas where there was a shortage of labor. Special settlers contributed to the active development of the Ostyako-Vogulsky National district. The author highlights the issues of employment in rural areas of special settle, as well as associated difficulties and their overcoming. Shown their contribution in development of the economic potential of the region, various sector of the economy. The data presented in the article confirm that the settlers made up the bulk of the workforce in the forestry and fishing industries of the region and made a significant contribution to the development of the district. Forced resettlements of dekulakized peasants contributed to fundamental changes in the district. There was an increase in the population of the OstyakoVogulsky National District, new settlements appeared due to special settlements.

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