scholarly journals COMPETITIVENESS OF POLISH ORGANIC FARMS OF DIFFERENT SIZES ACCORDING TO FADN DATA

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Maria Jolanta Orłowska
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
Potential Production ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Economic Parameters ◽  
Productivity And Competitiveness ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Agricultural Farm

The article analyses the productivity and competitiveness of Polish organic farms of different sizes, as well as their potential, production intensity and the costs. The analysis covers the period of 2013–2017. Information that was used in this study came from FADN farms and was included in the publications Technical- economic parameters according to agricultural farm groups participating in the Polish FADN from the years 2013–2017. Two methods were applied: a descriptive method with the use of tabulated summaries and a comparative method. In 2013–2017 the production potential, productivity and competitiveness of Polish ecological farms depended on their size. The largest farms with 50 ha of farmland turned out to be the most competitive, whereas those with 30–50 ha of farmland were found to be able to withstand competition. Farms that produce ecological products whose area is up to 30 ha were found uncompetitive despite subsidies.

COMPETITIVENESS OF POLISH ORGANIC FARMS WITH DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS OF PRODUCTION IN THE LIGHT OF FADN DATA

2018 ◽  
Vol XX (5) ◽  
pp. 146-153
Author(s):  
Maria Jolanta Orłowska
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Economic Parameters ◽  
Grazing Livestock

The purpose of the work was to assess the effectiveness and competitiveness of Polish organic farms with different production directions. Their production potential, intensity and production costs were also presented. The information from holdings conducting Polish FADN accounting was used. It was included in the publications: Technical and economic parameters by groups of agricultural holdings participating in the Polish FADN in 2013-2015. The following methods were used: descriptive, using tabular, and comparative tables. The research covered the years 2013-2015. In the analyzed period, the direction of production influenced the efficiency and competitiveness of Polish organic farms. Farms running only crop production were characterized by higher labor productivity than farms keeping animals. From among the surveyed organic farms, only permanent crops showed full competitive ability. Farms specialized in field crops showed ability to compete. And lack of competitive ability was showed by farms keeping animals: with dairy cows, other grazing livestock and mixed.

scholarly journals COMPETITIVENESS OF POL ISH ORGANIC FARMS WITH DIFFERENT ECONOMIC SIZE IN LIGHT OF FADN DATA

2019 ◽  
Vol XXI (2) ◽  
pp. 217-224
Author(s):  
Maria Orłowska
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Domestic Economy ◽  
Average Wage ◽  
Labor Input ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
Economic Parameters ◽  
Competitive Abilities ◽  
Economic Size ◽  
Potential Efficiency

Efficiency and competitiveness of Polish ecological farms differing in terms of economic size have been analyzed as well as their production potential, intensity and costs. The research was conducted in 2013-2016. Information was obtained from farm accountancy records of FADN included in the following publications: Technical-economic parameters according to groups of farms participating in the Polish edition of FADN in 2013-2016. The following methods have been used: descriptive, with the use of tables, and comparative. In 2013-2016, production potential, efficiency and competitiveness of ecological farms depended on their economic size. Farms with an economic size of 25-50 thousand euro and 50-100 thousand euro using, respectively: 37.7 and 70.3 ha AL, turned out to be able to cope with competition. However, farms with smaller areas and smaller economic size were not able to withstand competition. Farms able to withstand competition gained positive income from management in 2013-2016, however in farms without competitive abilities, this was negative. In farms with competitive ability, with an economic size of 25-50 thousand euro, payment for own labor was 1.5 times higher than the average wage in the domestic economy and in farms with an economic size of 50-100 thousand euro, it was nearly three times higher. Agricultural holdings without competitive abilities (below 25 thousand euro) did not achieve parity of own labor input return.

scholarly journals Mycoflora and Incidence of Aflatoxin in Wheat Seeds from Duhok Province, Kurdistan Region of Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 78-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina F. Bazyani ◽  
Asia A.M. Saadullah
Keyword(s):  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Elisa Method ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Potential Production ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Identification Of Fungi ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Isolated Species

Identification of fungi that contaminated wheat grains and their aflatoxins production were investigated in Thirty-three samples collected from different sources in Duhok province, Kurdistan region of Iraq during 2014-2015. In this study a total of twenty-five species belonged to 12 genera was isolated and identified on DRBC, MEA and PDA media. Nine distinct species were identified within Aspergillus which revealed highest diversity among all isolated genera. Followed by five species of Penicillium.Alternariacame after which showed only two species. Two teleomorphic ascomycota  Emericella, and Eurotiumwere recorded. The results showed that A. nigerand A. flavuswere the most isolated species. Aflatoxin production potential detected by A. flavusand A. parasiticus were screened using ELISA method. Aflatoxin potential detected in culture of Aspergillus flavus isolates was ranged from 57 to 310 ppb, while, the potential production aflatoxin for A. parasiticus isolates were ranged from 189 – 450 part per billion.

scholarly journals Peculiarities and main characteristics of the legal English language

Litera ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 177-182
Author(s):  
Natalia Kurchinskaya-Grasso
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International Law ◽  
English Language ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Entire System ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Linguistic Structure ◽  
Legal Texts ◽  
Descriptive Method

This article examines the peculiarities of the legal English language as the object of translation studies. Currently, English language is dominant in international relations and business, and plays a significant role as legal language within the European Union. Legal English is a global phenomenon. This style of English language is used by the lawyers and other legal experts in their work. In the conditions of globalization of English language, it is necessary to be scrupulous about translation of the legal English in order to avoid inaccuracies in the entire system of international law. Therefore, the goal of this article consists in consideration of the unique characteristics of legal English associated with its origin, terminology, linguistic structure, linguistic peculiarities, and punctuation. The work employs descriptive method, comparative method, and method of applied comparative jurisprudence. The conclusion is made that legal English developed under the influence of languages previously used in the legal system, which is reflected in modern legal terminology and linguistic structure of the legal English language and requires attention in translation. Taking into account the aforementioned peculiarities would be of much help the legal translator in working with legal texts in English language.

scholarly journals Lithuanian Synagogues: From the First Descriptions to Systematic Research

Arts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Vilma Gradinskaite
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Heritage Conservation ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Historical Periods ◽  
Descriptive Method

The article presents an analysis of the development stages of synagogue research methodology in Lithuania during the four major historical periods of the country—Lithuania in the Russian Empire (1795–1918), Vilnius Region in the interwar period and the independent Republic of Lithuania (1918–1940), the Soviet period (1940–1990), and the independent Republic of Lithuania restored in 1990. Each chapter of the article deals with the issues of synagogue research, heritage conservation and management, while the part about the restored independent Republic of Lithuania and modern days includes topical issues related to synagogue restoration, commemoration and putting them into operation. The study uses two different sources: archival materials and publications. Written sources and publications are reviewed in chronological order and start from the end of the 18th century. The study employs several research methods—the historical descriptive method, the comparative method and the analysis method.

Dry matter production from irrigated winter forage crops in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (89) ◽  
pp. 1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
DL Michalk ◽  
PA Witschi
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
New South ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Potential Production ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Consequent Reduction

Between 1962 and 1964, 4 experiments were conducted at Leeton, New South Wales, Australia to examine the potential productivity of a range of irrigated winter forage crops in providing useful feed during the period of shortage in late autumn and early winter. In addition, the effects of sowing rate were examined for sowings using (a) prepared seedbeds or (b) sod-seeding into existing subterranean clover/Lolium rigidum cv. Wimmera pastures. DM yields at 74, 109, 144 or 173 days from sowing were compared with a subterranean clover/ryegrass control. Of the spp. evaluated the cereals were the most consistent both for initial production and subsequent regrowth. For the cruciferous spp. early cutting (100 days after sowing) proved detrimental to subsequent production, reducing the contribution of the sown spp. to 3% DM. Although the low proportion of the leguminous forages limited their potential production, they increased pasture quality relative to the clover/ryegrass control. DM production of wheat and rape increased with increasing sowing rate on (a) but for turnips there was a yield decline with increased sowing rate. Oats showed no response to sowing rate on (a), but increasing the sowing rate on (b) plots increased the proportion of oats in the pasture, although there was a consequent reduction in total yield. Increases in the contribution made by wheat to total yield as a result of increased sowing on (b) plots were small.

scholarly journals MODEL DAN SIMULASI PERBANDINGAN PROTOTYPE RANGKAIAN DIGITAL HALF ADDER ALU STANDAR DENGAN INOVASI RANGKAIAN DIGITAL HALF ADDER ALU

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Helmi Fauzi Siregar ◽  
Muhammad Dedi Irawan
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Unified Modeling Language ◽  
Hardware Design ◽  
System Innovation ◽  
Modeling Language ◽  
Unified Modeling ◽  
Half Adder ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Standard Prototype

Abstract - This research was conducted to model and simulate the Half Adder system. This system is designed by analyzing the descriptive method, and the comparative method. After analysis, modeling is done with UML (Unified Modeling Language) and hardware design based on microcontroller can be programmed using CodeVisionAVR-C software. The results of this study are a standard prototype Half ALU ALTER Adder system that uses XOR, AND, OR gates with ALU Half Adder system innovation using NAND and NOR gates.Keywords - Half Adder, Prototype, XOR, AND, OR, NAND, NOR

scholarly journals Phonological Oppositions of Unstressed Vowels in The Uzbek Language

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radjabov Nasir Nasimovich
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Simple Classification ◽  
Phonological Features ◽  
Phonological Feature ◽  
Descriptive Method

The research deals with the simple classification of phonological oppositions in relation to the unstressed vowels and also, the complex classification of phonological oppositions concerning both the stressed and unstressed vowels in the Uzbek language. The purpose of this study is to explore the extent of forming phonological oppositions of Uzbek vowel phonemes in the unstressed position and to classify the identified phonological oppositions.  While carrying out of this study, a comparative method was used to compare vowel phonemes with each other, and a descriptive method was used to express their specific features. In the study, simple and complex classifications of phonological oppositions of Uzbek unstressed vowels have been developed. The study concludes that the phonological oppositions of vowels do not lose their significance in the unstressed positions and according to the simple classification, the unstressed vowels have 9 oppositions whose members are differentiated by one phonological feature, and 6 oppositions whose members are differentiated by two phonological features and according to the complex classification, unidimensional, pluridimensional, proportional, privative, gradual, equipolent and constant oppositions of unstressed vowels exist in modern Uzbek.

scholarly journals CORPORATE CULTURE IN A MEDICAL INSTITUTION

10.23856/4619 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-153
Author(s):  
Tetiana Fisenko
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Corporate Culture ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Corporate Communication ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Communication Tools ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Descriptive Method

The study outlines the prerequisites for the formation of corporate culture in various medical institutions, as well as the peculiarities of the formation of the Viva clinics’ network, which influenced its position in the intra-corporate communication process. Proposals have been formulated to improve the corporate culture, which takes into account all the shortcomings that are significant for medical staff. The latter were identified through a survey conducted among clinics’ network staff. The project includes several corporate events, improvement of working conditions and communication of staff, creation of intra-corporate media and software communication tools. Both general scientific and special methods of data processing were used in the work. In particular, the analytical-synthetic method of terminological analysis, comparative method, and generalization method was used, which made it possible to determine the degree of study of the topic, to outline the general issues. Induction and deduction methods were also used. The method of survey and questionnaire was used to assess the corporate culture of the Viva clinics’ network. The method of comparison was used to assess the advantages and disadvantages of competitors. The descriptive method was used to present the recommended part of the study.

scholarly journals Cryptocurrency tumbler

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-226
Author(s):  
Bruno Moslavac
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Grey Zone ◽  
Extreme Caution ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
The Future ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Paper Author

Tumbler is a service provided for cryptocurrencies in cases when anonymity is endangered and the owner of virtual “coins” can be traced. Legality of cryptocurrency tumblers can be described as a “grey zone”, for the reason that not even cryptovalues are legalized and “mixing” in tumblers is a special treatment of it. In this paper author by analytical method, by descriptive method and by comparative method explores and displays the all open questions of cryptocurrency tumblers, conducting their legality, legalization and especially potential criminalization in the future. Finally, the author concludes that legality, legalization and criminalization are firmly connected, interdependent and legislators worldwide should de lege ferenda pay extreme caution during tumbler legalization, especially for the purpose of later criminalization.

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