scholarly journals Desorption of metals from Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach. Lichen using solutions simulating acid rain

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cuculovic ◽  
Mirjana Pavlovic ◽  
Jelena Savovic ◽  
D.S. Veselinovic
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Acid Rain ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Strong Link ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Metal Detection ◽  
Logarithmic Dependence ◽  
Solution Volume

Desorption of metals K, Al, Ca, Mg, Fe, Ba, Zn, Mn, Cu and Sr from Cetraria islandica (L.) with solutions whose composition was similar to that of acid rain, was investigated. Desorption of metals from the lichen was performed by five successive desorption processes. Solution mixtures containing H2SO4, HNO3 and H2SO4-HNO3 were used for desorption. Each solution had three different pH values: 4.61, 5.15 and 5.75, so that the desorptions were performed with nine different solutions successively five times, always using the same solution volume. The investigated metals can be divided into two groups. One group was comprised of K, Ca and Mg, which were desorbed in each of the five desorption processes at all pH values used. The second group included Al, Fe, Zn, Ba, Mn and Sr; these were not desorbed in each individual desorption and not at all pH values, whereas Cu was not desorbed at all under any circumstances. Using the logarithmic dependence of the metal content as a function of the desorption number, it was found that potassium builds two types of links and is connected with weaker links in lichen. Potassium is completely desorbed, 80% in the first desorption, and then gradually in the following desorptions. Other metals are linked with one weaker link (desorption 1-38%) and with one very strong link (desorption below the metal detection limit).

scholarly journals Metal extraction from Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach. lichen using low pH solutions

2008 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cuculovic ◽  
Mirjana Pavlovic ◽  
Dragan Veselinovic ◽  
Scepan Miljanic
Keyword(s):  
Complex Formation ◽  
Acid Rain ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Metal Extraction ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
All Solutions ◽  
Extraction Of Metals

Extraction of metals (K, Al, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Ba, Zn, Mn and Sr) from dry Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach. lichen was performed using solutions similar to acid rain (solution A H2SO4-HNO3-(NH4)2SO4 and solution B H2SO4- -HNO3-(NH4)2SO4-NH4NO3). The pH values of these solutions were 2.00, 2.58, 2.87, 3.28, and 3.75. Five consecutive extractions were performed with each solution. In all solutions, the extracted metal content, except Cu and Ca, was the highest in the first extract. The highest percentage of the metals desorbed in the first extraction was obtained using solutions with low pH values, 2.00, 2.58, and 2.87. The lowest percentage in the first extraction was obtained using solutions with pH 3.28 and pH 3.75, indicating influence of the H+ ion on the extraction. According to the results obtained, the investigated metals form two groups. The first group includes K, Al, Ca, Mg, and Fe. They were extracted in each of the five extractions at each of the pH values. The second group includes Ba, Zn, Mn, Cu, and Sr, which were not all extracted at each pH value. The first group yielded three types of extraction curves when the logarithms of extracted metal amounts were plotted as a function of the number of successive extractions. These effects indicate that three different positions (centers) of metal ion accumulation exist in the lichen (due to sorption, complex formation, or other processes present in the tissues).

A novel 3D Zn-coordination polymer based on a multiresponsive fluorescent sensor demonstrating outstanding sensitivities and selectivities for the efficient detection of multiple analytes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Liu ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Xiao-Sa Zhang ◽  
Yu-Shu Sheng ◽  
Wen-Ze Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Coordination Polymer ◽  
Fluorescent Sensor ◽  
Lower Detection Limit ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Efficient Detection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lower Detection ◽  
Multiple Analytes

A Zn-CP exhibits remarkable fluorescence behaviours and stability in a wide range of pH values. It can become an outstanding candidate in the selective sensing of Fe3+, Mg2+, Cr2O72−, MnO4−, NB and NM at a lower detection limit.

Determination of Arsenic in Beer by Dry Ashing, Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

1989 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma Luisa Cervera ◽  
Ascensio Navarro ◽  
Rosa Montoro ◽  
Ramon Catala ◽  
Nieves Ybańez
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Detection Limit ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Hydride Generation ◽  
Dry Ashing ◽  
Spanish Legislation

Abstract A method has been developed for determination of arsenic in beer. Organic matter is destroyed by the dry-ashing technique, the ash is dissolved in HC1, and hydrides of arsenic are generated by addition of sodium borohydride prior to atomization in a flame-heated quartz cell and atomic absorption spectroscopy measurement. The analytical features of the method are detection limit 0.1 ng/g beer, precision 8%, and recovery 97 ± 7%. The arsenic contents of different brands from Spain and other European countries were analyzed. In all samples, the arsenic levels found were well below maximum levels allowed in Spanish legislation (100 ng/g). The quantities of arsenic in Spanish beers do not differ from those found in foreign beers. No differences were found between bottled and canned beers, and no correlation exists between metal content and original specific gravity of the beers.

The vertical gradient of bark pH of twigs and macrolichens in a Picea abies canopy not affected by acid rain

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thale Kermit ◽  
Yngvar Gauslaa
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Acid Rain ◽  
Vertical Gradient ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Constant Ph ◽  
Horizontal Variation ◽  
Cyanobacterial Lichens

AbstractThe pH of 192 thin, even-aged twigs from 4 height levels of 12 randomly selected trees within a boreal Picea abies canopy naturally exposed to rainfall with a high pH (>5·2) was measured. The largest variation in bark pH was due to the height above the ground. However, a highly significant horizontal variation between trees was also found, apparently due to small-scale soil variations. The biomass of alectorioid lichens increased with increasing height above die ground to at least 12 m, a height interval with fairly constant pH values. The uppermost twigs had an unusually high pH and an abnormal species composition for P. abies, with dominance of the foliose Melanelia exasperatula. The canopy hosted several cyanobacterial lichens, but these were scattered and had low biomass, restricted to lower branches of the trees with the highest bark pH.

scholarly journals Mechanical Behavior and Constitutive Model for Loess Samples under Simulated Acid Rain Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
xia ye ◽  
Enlong Liu ◽  
Baofeng Di ◽  
yayang yu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Acid Rain ◽  
Mechanical Model ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Simulated Acid Rain ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Hardening Model ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Peak Value

Abstract In this paper, the sulfuric acid solution is diluted to pH 5.0, 4.0 and 3.0 to simulate the acid rain condition, and the triaxial compressional tests and scanning electron microscope are carried out to study the mechanical properties and evolution of the microstructure of the saturated loess samples. The results demonstrate that acid rain increases the porosity of loess samples, and the pore distribution is not uniform, so that the mechanical properties of loess samples change. With the decrease of pH value, the peak value of the deviatoric stress and the volumetric contraction of loess samples decreases, which causes the strength of soil to decrease. Furthermore, the framework of the chemical-mechanical model for loess under the action of acid rain is established, in which the loess is considered as porous medium material, and the variable of acid rain at different pH values through the degree of chemical reaction is taken into account in the double-hardening model, and the model is also verified by the triaxial test results finally.

Distribution of iron porphyrin like complexes along the land sea continuum of the Iroise Sea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agathe Laes ◽  
Gabriel Dulaquais ◽  
Alexandre Hemery ◽  
Matthieu Waeles ◽  
Romain Davy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Distal Part ◽  
Iron Porphyrin ◽  
Positive Anomaly ◽  
Chemiluminescence Detection ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Macrotidal Estuary ◽  
Iroise Sea ◽  
Bay Of Brest ◽  
First Time

<p>The aim of FeLINE project (Fer Ligands In the aulNe Estuary) was to determine the distribution of iron and associated ligands concentrations along the land sea continuum of the Iroise Sea (Bay of Brest, France). Iron porphyrin like ligands (Fe-Py) such as heme and hemoproteins are relevant complexes in iron biogeochemical cycling as they can persist in seawater and on marine particulates. This work reveals for the first time the distribution of Fe-Py concentrations (dissolved plus reactive particulate) along a temperate macrotidal estuary. Unfiltered samples were collected in October 2019 across a transect of the Aulne river and estuary / Rade of Brest / Iroise Sea during low tidal coefficient (39). Fe-Py concentrations were determined using flow injection analysis with chemiluminescence detection adapted from Vong et al. (2007). Various interferences (organic, metallic, pH and salinity) were tested. The detection limit attained was 11 pmol.l<sup>-1</sup> and the time of analysis 1min30s per sample. The Fe-Py concentrations varied from 0.007 ±0.002 nmol.l<sup>-1 </sup>for S=33.98 and 1.177 ±0.007 nmol.l<sup>-1 </sup>for S = 0.92. The Fe-Py concentrations clearly showed a non-conservative behavior due to various processes other than simple mixing of natural and seawater. The highest values revealing a Fe-Py enrichment were observed in the Estuarine Turbidity Maximum (ETM) for which concentrations varied between 1.177 ±0.007, S = 5.2 and 0.738 ±0.004 nmol.l<sup>-1</sup> S = 8.59. This positive anomaly of Fe-Py concentrations (40%) also corresponded to the lowest pH values (pH =7.27-7.32). The distal part of the transect displayed a negative anomaly for salinities comprised between 15 and 25 (loss of 37%). The four last points geographically corresponding to the Bay of Brest (S>35) exhibited low and stable Fe-Py concentrations of 0.007±0.002 and 0.024 ± 0.003 nmol.l<sup>-1</sup>. The supply and removal fluxes were respectively estimated at 2.4±0.2g/d and 8.1 ± 0.8g/d, revealing an average Fe-Py removal of 39.8% that is probably due to particle flocculation.</p>

Short-term acid damage to photosynthesis in corn and sugar maple leaves assessed by photoacoustic spectroscopy

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 2292-2300 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. N. N'soukpoé-Kossi ◽  
R. Bélanger ◽  
S. Keilani ◽  
H. Proteau ◽  
P. Boivin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Acid Rain ◽  
Oxygen Evolution ◽  
Photoacoustic Spectroscopy ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Simulated Acid Rain ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Photosynthetic Oxygen Evolution ◽  
Ph Values

Photoacoustic spectroscopy was used to monitor acid damage to photosynthesis by measuring photosynthetic O2 evolution in leaves from com and sugar maple plantlets. For 2 months the seedlings were treated with simulated acid rain either by spraying the leaves or by watering the soil at different pH levels. The results indicated a decline of photosynthetic oxygen evolution as the pH of the foliar application of simulated acid rain decreased. The reduced photosynthetic activity was sometimes followed by depigmentation (below pH 3.5). For plantlets treated by watering the soil with an acid mixture, the results showed an increase in the growth rate at higher acidity levels without effect on the photosynthetic activity. All corn seedlings from seeds that germinated in media of different pH levels showed the same photosynthetic activity regardless of the pH, as measured by photoacoustic spectroscopy, but the growth rate was higher at lower pH values than at higher pH values. These results clearly indicate the importance of acid damage to photosynthesis at the foliar level, and the ability of photoacoustic spectroscopy to assess forest decline in its early stages. Key words: photoacoustic spectroscopy, photosynthesis, corn, maple, acid rain, oxygen evolution.

Silicon Epitaxial Layers for CCD and CMOS Imager Sensors : Limits and Challenges of the In-Line and Off-Line Metal Detection Techniques

2007 ◽  
Vol 131-133 ◽  
pp. 467-472
Author(s):  
G. Borionetti ◽  
S. Cox ◽  
P. Godio ◽  
I. Gohar ◽  
J. Pitney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Epitaxial Layers ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Cmos Imager ◽  
Metal Detection

The need of an effective control of residual metal content inside the silicon epitaxial wafers is revamping for CCD and CMOS applications, which are very sensitive to small amount of heavy metals. The paper will discuss the strengths and the challenges associated to the integrated use of well known electrical techniques when metals like iron and molybdenum are present in concentration lower than 1E11 cm^3.

Evaluation of the Influence of Acid Rain on the Property of Plant Mediums by Simulation

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 2997-3000
Author(s):  
Jia Horng Lin ◽  
Jin Mao Chen ◽  
Ching Wen Lin ◽  
Wen Hao Hsing ◽  
Chen Fang Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Rain ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Suitable Environment

Acid rain has drawn much attention recently. This study was about evaluating the acid-rain-resistant and eco wall which was made of cotton fibers and Tencel fibers. In the experiment, two types of fibers were immersed in stimulated-acid-rain solutions for a week and weighted respectively after drying. This same procedure was repeated weekly three times; meanwhile, the fibers’ pH values were measured daily. The result showed that cotton fibers surpassed Tencel fibers, demonstrating smaller weight losses and positive pH results. The cotton fibers were able to adjust its pH value to 6.8, which provided a suitable environment for plants.

scholarly journals Growth and Leaf Chlorophyll Content of Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden are Adversely Affected by Simulated Acid Rain

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Langmi Fabrice Buma ◽  
Titus Fondo Ambebe ◽  
Zephania Nji Fogwe
Keyword(s):  
Acid Rain ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Simulated Acid Rain ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll

The study assessed the effects of different pH values of simulated acid rain on growth and leaf chlorophyll content of Eucalyptus grandis. The treatments comprised of two simulated acid rain solutions of pH 4.0 and 3.5, and unacidified water at pH 6.5. Place and Duration of Study was the National Forestry Development Agency, Humid Savannah Zone, Bamenda I Sub-Division, North West Region, Cameroon, between June and September 2019, respectively. The experiment was conducted under field conditions. Thirty 3-month-old seedlings were exposed to each pH level at 7-day intervals using a spray bottle. While two sets of thirty seedlings were administered sulphuric acid calibrated tap water with pH values of 4.0 and 3.5, the third set that constituted the control was sprayed with normal tap water. Data were collected on morphology, biomass, and leaf chlorophyll content at the end of the study and subjected to analysis of variance and Scheffé’s test. Results: The pH 3.5 treatment resulted in significantly lower responses of height (12.95 cm), number of leaves (15.28), leaf area (23.96 cm2) and total biomass (0.61 g) than the other two pH levels that did not differ for any of the traits. Average values between pH 4.0 and control were 20.39 cm, 22.00, 45.66 cm2 and 1.77 g. Stem diameter and root collar diameter declined from 2.87 mm and 4.14 mm at the control to 2.54 mm and 3.78 mm at pH 3.5, respectively. Leaves at pH 3.5 showed signs of necrosis, drying and curling. Leaf chlorophyll content was significantly greater in the control (45.30 SPAD units) than in the pH 4.0 (40.01 SPAD units) and pH 3.5 (39.82 SPAD units) treatments that displayed similar responses. Conclusion: The study reveals that simulated acid rain at pH 3.5 can have a harmful effect on chlorophyll content and growth of Eucalyptus grandis.

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