scholarly journals Genetic diversity among Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum isolates based on ISSR markers

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gülruh Albayrak ◽  
Emre Yörük ◽  
Aylin Gazdağli ◽  
Bahram Sharifnabi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Amplification Product ◽  
Issr Analysis ◽  
Group I ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
First Time

To characterize the isolates of F. graminearum and F. culmorum fungi from Turkey and Iran, we performed ISSR analysis with 18 non-anchored and 23 anchored (including ten novel) primers. Amplification product sizes were 0.2-3.5 kb. In total, 405 bands were scored, 24 of which (5.92%) were polymorphic. The similarities among F. graminearum isolates were calculated as 62.3-99%, and among F. culmorum as 65.7-94.3%. Moderate genetic variation at intra- and inter-specific levels was determined, and the average intraspecific genetic diversity values were 80.65% for F. graminearum, and 80% for F. culmorum. Cluster analysis separated the isolates into two main clades. Group I consisted of F. culmorum isolates from Turkey that produced DON mycotoxin. Group II contained all F. graminearum isolates that were deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV) chemotypes from Turkey and Iran. Both groups I and II were divided into two subgroups including their divisions. Phenons in group II included isolates distributed in the same geographic region. ISSR markers clustered isolates within a definite order according to their species. Isolates from the same agro-ecological locations were also kept together in subdivisions. The novel ISSR markers developed for the first time in this study contribute to differentiating between Fusarium isolates according to their species and geographic regions.

scholarly journals Accuracy and acute efficacy of a novel occlusion tool to guide cryoballoon-based pulmonary vein isolation

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Rottner ◽  
F Moser ◽  
R Schleberger ◽  
J Weimann ◽  
J Moser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Pulmonary Vein ◽  
Pulmonary Vein Isolation ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Group I ◽  
Evaluation Phase ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract Background Cryoballoon (CB)-based pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) currently requires to verify occlusion of each pulmonary vein (PV) using fluoroscopy and dye injection. Objective The current study evaluated whether the novel CB-occlusion tool integrated into the wide-band dielectric imaging system KODEX-EPD reliably verifies occlusion of PV according to a novel dye-injection based algorithm. Methods Consecutive patients suffering from symptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF) underwent CB-based PVI using the KODEX-EPD and the novel occlusion-tool (group I). To confirm accurate display of the PVs, selective PV-angiography was performed in the first half of the patients of group I (group Ia) in addition to a three-dimensional left atrial (LA) map using a spiral mapping catheter (Achieve, SMC1, Medtronic, MN, USA). PV-angiographies were waived for the following patients (group Ib). Procedural duration and radiation exposure were compared to a control group of patients undergoing conventional CB-based PVI. Results CB-based PVI was successful in 50/50 patients of group I (mean age 63±11 years, 18 paroxysmal (36%)) and 25/25 patients of group II (66±10 years, 9 paroxysmal (60%)). Concordance of PV-occlusion as assessed by either PV-occlusion-angiography or KODEX-EPD, was documented in 237/272 (87%) occlusion-analyses among 198 PVs (95% for left superior PV, 93% for left inferior PV, 86% for right inferior PV and 77% for right superior PV). In the final evaluation phase (group Ib) LA fluoroscopy times and dose area products were comparable to the conventional CB-ablation group (10.5±5 vs 8.8±4 minutes (p=0.23) and 403±425 vs 321±202 cGycm2 (p=0.44), whereas the amount of dye could be significantly reduced (group Ib: 31±10 ml vs group II: 70±20 ml, p<0.0001). Conclusion The novel KODEX-EPD PV-occlusion tool allows for accurate PV-occlusion assessment in the majority of PVs and a high acute success rate. The system has the potential to reduce dye and radiation exposure. This should be evaluated in controlled clinical trials. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

scholarly journals Population genetics and diversity structure of an invasive earthworm in tropical and temperate pastures from Veracruz, Mexico

ZooKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 941 ◽  
pp. 49-69
Author(s):  
Diana Ortíz-Gamino ◽  
Josefat Gregorio ◽  
Luis Cunha ◽  
Esperanza Martínez-Romero ◽  
Carlos Fragoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structures ◽  
Temperate Pastures

Pontoscolex corethrurus (Müller, 1857) is an invasive tropical earthworm, globally distributed. It reproduces through parthenogenesis, which theoretically results in low genetic diversity. The analysis of the population structure of P. corethrurus using molecular markers may significantly contribute to understanding the ecology and reproductive system of this earthworm species. This work assessed the genetic diversity and population structure of P. corethrurus with 34 polymorphic inter simple sequence repeat markers, covering four populations in tropical and temperate pastures from Veracruz State. Nuclear markers distinguished two genetic clusters, probably corresponding to two distinct genetic lineages. The number of clones detected in the AC population was lower than expected for a parthenogenetic species. Also, the apparent lack of differences in population structures related to the geographic region among the populations studied may indicate that human-mediated transference is prevalent in these areas. Still, most individuals apparently belong to lineage A, and only a few individuals seem to belong to the lineage B. Thus, the admixture signatures found among the four populations of P. corethrurus may have facilitated a successful invasion by directly increasing fitness. In summary, addressing the genetic variation of P. corethrurus with ISSR markers was a suitable approach, as it evidenced the genetic diversity and relationships in the populations evaluated.

scholarly journals Proteomics Analysis of Helicoverpa armigera Single Nucleocapsid Nucleopolyhedrovirus Identified Two New Occlusion-Derived Virus-Associated Proteins, HA44 and HA100

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (17) ◽  
pp. 9377-9385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Deng ◽  
Ranran Wang ◽  
Minggang Fang ◽  
Yue Jiang ◽  
Xushi Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Structural Proteins ◽  
Proteomics Analysis ◽  
Group I ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry were used to analyze the structural proteins of the occlusion-derived virus (ODV) of Helicoverpa armigera single nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV), a group II NPV. Twenty-three structural proteins of HearNPV ODV were identified, 21 of which have been reported previously as structural proteins or ODV-associated proteins in other baculoviruses. These include polyhedrin, P78/83, P49, ODV-E18, ODV-EC27, ODV-E56, P74, LEF-3, HA66 (AC66), DNA polymerase, GP41, VP39, P33, ODV-E25, helicase, P6.9, ODV/BV-C42, VP80, ODV-EC43, ODV-E66, and PIF-1. Two proteins encoded by HearNPV ORF44 (ha44) and ORF100 (ha100) were discovered as ODV-associated proteins for the first time. ha44 encodes a protein of 378 aa with a predicted mass of 42.8 kDa. ha100 encodes a protein of 510 aa with a predicted mass of 58.1 kDa and is a homologue of the gene for poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (parg). Western blot analysis and immunoelectron microscopy confirmed that HA44 is associated with the nucleocapsid and HA100 is associated with both the nucleocapsid and the envelope of HearNPV ODV. HA44 is conserved in group II NPVs and granuloviruses but does not exist in group I NPVs, while HA100 is conserved only in group II NPVs.

scholarly journals Population Structure and Genetic Diversity of Phytophthora nicotianae from Tobacco in Georgia

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (7) ◽  
pp. 1113-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonggang Li ◽  
Karen Harris-Shultz ◽  
Hongliang Wang ◽  
Phillip A. Wadl ◽  
Pingsheng Ji
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Phytophthora Nicotianae ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Group I ◽  
Tobacco Production ◽  
Group Ii

Black shank, caused by Phytophthora nicotianae, occurs worldwide and is responsible for significant yield loss in tobacco production in Georgia. Management of the disease has primarily relied on utilization of tobacco cultivars with resistance to race 0 of the pathogen and application of the fungicide mefenoxam. Races of P. nicotianae currently prevalent in tobacco production in Georgia, their sensitivity to mefenoxam, and genetic diversity of the pathogen are largely unknown. To determine population structure and genetic diversity of the pathogen, simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used. Three races of P. nicotianae (races 0, 1, and 3) were isolated from infected tobacco plants, with race 3 identified in Georgia for the first time. The majority of isolates were identified as A2 mating type and all isolates were sensitive or intermediately sensitive to mefenoxam at 1 or 10 μg/ml, with effective concentration of mefenoxam for 50% mycelial growth reduction values ranging from <0.01 to 0.12 μg/ml. Bayesian and unweighted pair group method with arithmetic means analyses of 59 isolates using SSR markers grouped the isolates in two major groups. Group I contained 20 isolates, of which 19 isolates were collected from Berrien County. Group II contained 39 isolates collected from Bacon, Cook, Tift, and Toombs Counties as well as one sample from Berrien County. Genetic diversity of the isolates was associated with geographical location of collection, and isolates in group I were primarily (75%) race 1, whereas isolates in group II were primarily (69%) race 0. The presence of a single pathogen mating type at most of the locations implies low probability of sexual recombination that may have contributed to the low genetic diversity at a particular geographical location. Sensitivity of the isolates to mefenoxam indicates that the fungicide remains to be a potent tool for growers to combat the disease. Information generated in the study advances our knowledge about diversity and population structure of P. nicotianae, which facilitates development and implementation of effective disease management programs.

scholarly journals Population structure and genetic diversity of chickpea germplasms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepanshu jayaswal ◽  
garima Yadav ◽  
Kuldip Jayaswall ◽  
Abhishek Bhandawat ◽  
Arvind Nath Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Structure Characterization ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Dissimilarity Matrix ◽  
Group I ◽  
Elite Cultivar

In various leguminous crops, chickpea is the fourth most important legume contributing 3.1% to the total legume production. Grains of chickpea are rich source of proteins, minerals and vitamins which makes them suitable for both food and feed. For any crop to be improved, the knowledge of genetic diversity of wild and elite cultivar is very important. Therefore among various available marker systems, molecular markers are more reliable and accurate, therefore are very commonly used for genetic diversity analysis, phylogenetic studies and cultivar identification. Due to several advantages of Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers in present study we analyzed the genetic diversity, structure, cross-species transferability and allelic richness in 50 chickpea collection using 23 ISSR markers. The observed parameters such as allele number varied from 3 to 16, and PIC varied from 0.15 to 0.4988 respectively. Further, range of allele size varied from 150 to 1600 bp which shows the significance of ISSR markers for chickpea germplasms characterization. On the basis of ISSR marker genotypic data dendrogram were constructed which divides these 50 chickpea in group I and II showing the reliability of ISSR markers. Among 50 chickpea, the accession P 74-1 is in group I and rest are in group II. Further we made mini-core collection of 15 diverse chickpea and subgrouped them. Dendrogram, PCA, Dissimilarity matrix and Bayesian model based genetic clustering of 50 chickpea germplasms revealed that P 74-1,P 1883, P 1260 very diverse chickpea accession. Characterization of these diverse chickpea would help in maintenance breeding, conservation and in future could be used to develop climate resilient elite cultivar of chickpea. Utilization of these novel ISSRs markers in diversity analysis and population structure characterization of 50 chickpea germplasm suggests their wider efficacy in superior scale for molecular breeding studies in chickpea.

scholarly journals ISSR primer screening for analysis of genetic diversity among Scutellaria tuvensis (Lamiaceae) populations

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 00082
Author(s):  
Dinara S. Muraseva ◽  
Alexandra A. Guseva
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Population Diversity ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Issr Primer ◽  
Issr Analysis ◽  
Selection Of

Using the Diamond DNA kit, high quality nuclear DNA was isolated from dry leaves of the endemic species Scutellaria tuvensis. The selection of primers for ISSR analysis of genetic polymorphism of natural populations is described. During the experiment, 22 primers were tested, their effectiveness was assessed on a point scale. When assessing the primers, the number of reproducible amplified DNA fragments, the clarity and brightness of the obtained fragments, and only distinctive bands were taken into account. As a result, 10 ISSR markers were selected that are the most informative for assessing the population diversity of the species.

scholarly journals Partitioning of Allozyme Diversity in Wild Populations of Malus sieversii L. and Implications for Germplasm Collection

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (6) ◽  
pp. 982-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren F. Lamboy ◽  
Jing Yu ◽  
Phil L. Forsline ◽  
Norman F. Weeden
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Seed Parent ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Allozyme Diversity ◽  
Malus Sieversii ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Geographic Regions

One of the primary progenitors of the cultivated apple is Malus sieversii L., a species native to the forested regions of central Asia. Despite the horticultural importance of M. sieversii, little is known about genetic variation in this species. In this study, allozyme diversity at 18 loci was determined for 259 seedlings belonging to 31 sib families, each consisting of the set of offspring from a different open-pollinated maternal (seed) parent. Maternal parents belonged to 14 populations from four geographic regions. Genetic diversity statistics were computed from the resulting allele and phenotype frequencies. Cluster analysis of sib families showed that there was some grouping based on geographic region, but 16 of the sib families were most closely related to sib families from other regions. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that 85% of the enzyme variability was due to differences among sib families within populations and 15% was due to differences among regions. No variability could be assigned to differences among populations within regions. In addition, no alleles were found that were fixed in a region and unique to that region. These results suggest that plants belonging to M. sieversii effectively form a panmictic population. Consequently, a thorough sampling of a few large populations will efficiently capture most of the genetic diversity present in wild M. sieversii.

scholarly journals Meat performance and waste polymorphism rabbit domestic and foreign selection

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 243-247
Author(s):  
O. V. Boiko ◽  
O. F. Honchar ◽  
O. M. Havrysh ◽  
Ye. A. Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Population Diversity ◽  
Issr Marker ◽  
Issr Analysis ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Meat Productivity

Aim. Clarification of waste polymorphism of different breeds of rabbits and their meat productivity in modern rabbit farm. Methods. Livestock combined with ISSR-analysis of genetic diversity that characterize populations of rabbits of different breeds. Results. Indicators meat productivity rabbit populations studied species differ rates and average daily live weight increments have specialized meat breed versus combined. In addition, the results of ISSR-analysis of three populations of rabbits in Cherkassy region showed relatively high levels of genetic diversity of species. Conclusions. High performance speakers live weight of young rabbits New Zealand and Californian species can be explained lengthy selection process in the areas of high-intensity growth animals breed Poltava silver combinations breed. Genetic studies found that populations are characterized by a sufficient level of polymorphism. The proportion of waste for GST genetic diversity ISSR-marker (ACC) 6G was 72.4 % and for (AG) 9C and (GA) 9C was lower by 33.7 % and 27.8 % respectively. The highest population diversity DST turned on (ACC) 6G ISSR-marker, and the lowest – (AG) 9C. Keywords: breed rabbits, live weight, the study population, ISSR-markers.

scholarly journals Effect of Smoking on Pathological Grade and Stage in Clinically Low-Risk Patients

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ercan Öğreden ◽  
Ural Oğuz ◽  
Erhan Demirelli ◽  
Orhan Yalçın
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Tumor ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Group I ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
First Time ◽  
Single Lesion

AbstractWe investigated the effect of cigarette smoking on pathological staging in clinically low-risk patients. Data of 59 patients who were diagnosed with bladder tumor for the first time and had a single lesion radiologically and endoscopically smaller than 3 cm were investigated retrospectively. 33 patients who smoked were classified as Group I, and 26 patients who did not smoke were classified as Group II. Pathological diagnoses of the patients in both groups were compared. The mean age of the patients were 64.8 (20&ndash;86) years. In Group II, 5 (19.2%) were female and 21 (80.8%) were male (p &lt; 0.05). Nine patients (27.3%) in Group I and 18 patients (69.2%) in Group II had Ta disease (p &lt; 0.05). Nineteen patients (57.6%) in Group I and 5 patients (19.2%) in Group II had T1 disease (p &lt; 0.05). The number of patients with low grade (LG) tumor were 8 (24.2%) and 19 (73.1%) in Group I and in Group II, respectively (p &lt; 0.05). The number of patients with high grade(HG) tumor were 25 (75.8%) and 7 (26.9%) in Group I and in Group II, respectively (p &lt; 0.05). TaHG was detected in 9 (27.3%) patients in Group I. In contrast, no patients in Group II had TaHG disease (p &lt; 0.05). The number of patients with T1HG was 17(51.5%) patients in Group I and 2 (7.69%) patients in Group II (p &lt; 0.05). Smoking is associated with pathologically HG and stage in patients with first time bladder tumor which is single and smaller than 3 cm.

scholarly journals Strains of the Group I Lineage of Acidovorax citrulli, the Causal Agent of Bacterial Fruit Blotch of Cucurbitaceous Crops, are Predominant in Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (12) ◽  
pp. 1486-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo M. Silva ◽  
Ricardo M. Souza ◽  
Lichun Yan ◽  
Rui S. Júnior ◽  
Flavio H. V. Medeiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Pfge Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Fruit Blotch ◽  
Acidovorax Citrulli ◽  
Group I ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Group Ii

Bacterial fruit blotch (BFB), caused by the seedborne bacterium Acidovorax citrulli, is an economically important threat to cucurbitaceous crops worldwide. Since the first report of BFB in Brazil in 1990, outbreaks have occurred sporadically on watermelon and, more frequently, on melon, resulting in significant yield losses. At present, the genetic diversity and the population structure of A. citrulli strains in Brazil remain unclear. A collection of 74 A. citrulli strains isolated from naturally infected tissues of different cucurbit hosts in Brazil between 2000 and 2014 and 18 A. citrulli reference strains from other countries were compared by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of housekeeping and virulence-associated genes, and pathogenicity tests on seedlings of different cucurbit species. The Brazilian population comprised predominantly group I strains (98%), regardless of the year of isolation, geographical region, or host. Whole-genome restriction digestion and PFGE analysis revealed that three unique and previously unreported A. citrulli haplotypes (assigned as haplotypes B22, B23, and B24) occurred in Brazil. The greatest diversity of A. citrulli (four haplotypes) was found among strains collected from the northeastern region of Brazil, which accounts for more than 90% of the country’s melon production. MLSA clearly distinguished A. citrulli strains into two well-supported clades, in agreement with observations based on PFGE analysis. Five Brazilian A. citrulli strains, representing different group I haplotypes, were moderately aggressive on watermelon seedlings compared with four group II strains that were highly aggressive. In contrast, no significant differences in BFB severity were observed between group I and II A. citrulli strains on melon and squash seedlings. Finally, we observed a differential effect of temperature on in vitro growth of representative group I and II A. citrulli haplotypes. Specifically, of 18 group II strains tested, all grew at 40 and 41°C, whereas only 3 of 15 group I strains (haplotypes B8[P], B3[K], and B15) grew at 40°C. Three strains representing haplotype B8(P) were the only group I strains that grew at 41°C. These results contribute to a better understanding of the genetic diversity of A. citrulli associated with BFB outbreaks in Brazil, and reinforce the efficiency of MLSA and PFGE analysis for assessing population structure. This study also provides the first evidence to suggest that temperature might be a driver in the ecological adaptation of A. citrulli populations.

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