scholarly journals Changes in body proportion of roe deer with age

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Dusko Vitorovic ◽  
Zoran Popovic ◽  
Predrag Perisic ◽  
Ivana Adamovic
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Body Proportion ◽  
Growth Intensity ◽  
Average Body Mass ◽  
Similar Growth ◽  
Average Body

The aim of the present study was to estimate the development of body and some body parts and internal organs of roe deer, from 1 year of age (fawn) to 2-3 years of age (Buck). Average body mass of fawn was 16.6 kg and of buck 26.4 kg. Body mass of buck was by 1.6 times greater than body mass of fawn. Similar growth intensity was established for body parts (thighs shoulders, loin and back). The proportion of parts in body and carcass mass was same in fawn and buck. The mass of internal organs (liver, lungs, heart and spleen) increased with age, but proportion in regard to body mass was same in case of fawn and buck. During the first three years of age, no significant changes in body proportion of roe deer were registered.

scholarly journals Investigation of the effect of mass prior to slaughtering on slaughter values of male fattening young cattle of domestic Simmental breed

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
S. Aleksic ◽  
M.M. Petrovic ◽  
V. Pantelic ◽  
Z. Novakovic ◽  
N. Stanisic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
The Third ◽  
Kidney Fat ◽  
Average Body Mass ◽  
Young Cattle ◽  
Tail Muscle ◽  
Average Body

For the purpose of investigation of factors important for slaughter yield results, a trial with three groups of young cattle of Domestic Simmental breed of different body masses was carried out. Young cattle in the first group (G1) (n=6) had average body mass of 509,00 kg (475-525), in the second group (G2) of young cattle (n=7) average body mass of 554,29 kg (530 - 575) was recorded and in the third group of young cattle (G3) (n=8) 591,13kg (580-615). Subsequent to slaughtering warm carcass sides were measured individually, with and without kidney fat, mass of internal organs was measured (kidneys, liver, lungs, heart, spleen) and mass of other secondary slaughter products (head, tongue, tail, muscle part of diaphragm). After cooling carcass sides were cut into main parts. Based on obtained results of research it was established that male cattle of group (G2) of Domestic Simmental breed of average body mass of 554,29 kg have realized higher slaughter yield compared to groups G1 and G3, whereas the share of kidney fat was the same in all three groups of young cattle. Share of mass of internal organs was the lowest in young cattle of group G2 (2,47%) whereas in other two groups it was the same. Share of mass of other secondary slaughter products (head, tongue, tail, muscle part of diaphragm) in all three groups of young cattle was the same. Share of mass of round (I category part of the carcass) was the highest in young cattle of group G3 (29,86), and statistically significantly (P<0.05) lower in group G1 (28,39). Share of carcass parts of II category (loin, back, shoulder) was the lowest in young cattle of group G3 (23,655), and of carcass parts of category III (second thigh, second fore thigh, neck, breasts, ribs, belly) in young cattle of group G2 (44,45%). .

The demography of limb dominance, body-mass index, and metatarsus adductus deformity

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (9) ◽  
pp. 429-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Montague ◽  
M Bovarnick ◽  
SC Effren ◽  
CC Southerland
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
South Florida ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Statistical Association ◽  
Metatarsus Adductus ◽  
Average Body Mass ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Limb Dominance

To test the null hypothesis that limb dominance (laterality) and side of complaint are not associated in a diverse population, nearly 400 patients (40% male, 60% female) of varying age and body size from three South Florida podiatric medical teaching facilities were surveyed in 1995-1996. Radiographs of feet were available for 15% of the patients, and the metatarsus adductus angle was measured on each x-ray. The typical patient was a women (median age, 49 years) of average body weight and average body-mass index. No statistical association was found between laterality and side of complaint in the broader sample, although a significant association did appear in the subsample of patients with bilateral x-rays. The prevalence of metatarsus adductus deformity (metatarsus adductus angle &gt; 15 degrees) among patients with x-rays was 62%. No sex-specific, age-specific, or body size-specific associations were found between handedness and metatarsus adductus deformity.

scholarly journals Spinal and Shoulder Girdle Range of Motion in Elite Female Volleyball Athletes

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
Arletta Hawrylak ◽  
Dorota Wojna ◽  
Krystyna Chromik
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Spine Mobility ◽  
Shoulder Complex ◽  
Average Body Mass ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Introduction. Doing asymmetric sports when one suffers from body asymmetry may cause body posture disorders. The aim of the study was to assess the spinal and shoulder complex mobility of professionally trained volleyball athletes compared to that of their peers who do not practise any sports. Material and methods. The study involved 60 participants divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of 30 girls aged 14 years. The average height in the group was 176.37 ± 6.29 cm, and the average body mass was 64.53 ± 7.12 kg. Group 2 consisted of 30 girls aged 15.6 ± 1.12 years who did not practise any sports. The average body height in this group was 159.37 ± 3.33 cm, and the average body mass was 51.83 ± 4.03 kg. The dominant limb was defined on the basis of lateralization. The spinal range of motion was measured by means of a Saunders digital inclinometer, and the shoulder complex range of motion was examined using the goniometric method. Means and standard deviations were calculated, and Student’s t-test was applied in order to determine the differences between the two groups. Results. The differences in the values obtained in the two groups for the spinal range of motion in the sagittal plane were statistically significant only for the range of lumbar spine bending and extension. It was found that group 1 had a higher range of spine mobility in the frontal and transverse planes, and the differences were statistically significant in all the assessed ranges towards the dominant limb. An analysis of the shoulder girdle range of motion in the groups revealed that the differences were also statistically significant in all of the examined ranges. Conclusion. Professional volleyball practice can cause an increase in spine flexibility in most of its ranges, and the shoulder girdle range of motion in female volleyball players can exceed population norms, especially for the upper dominant limb.

Efficiency of uphill locomotion in nocturnal and diurnal lizards

1996 ◽  
Vol 199 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Farley ◽  
M Emshwiller
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Mechanical Work ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Cost Of Transport ◽  
Unit Distance ◽  
Cost Of Locomotion ◽  
Average Body Mass ◽  
Average Body

Nocturnal geckos can walk on level ground more economically than diurnal lizards. One hypothesis for why nocturnal geckos have a low cost of locomotion is that they can perform mechanical work during locomotion more efficiently than other lizards. To test this hypothesis, we compared the efficiency of the nocturnal gecko Coleonyx variegatus (average body mass 4.2 g) and the diurnal skink Eumeces skiltonianus (average body mass 4.8 g) when they performed vertical work during uphill locomotion. We measured the rate of oxygen consumption when each species walked on the level and up a 50 slope over a range of speeds. For Coleonyx variegatus, the energetic cost of traveling a unit distance (the minimum cost of transport, Cmin) increased from 1.5 to 2.7 ml O2 kg-1 m-1 between level and uphill locomotion. For Eumeces skiltonianus, Cmin increased from 2.5 to 4.7 ml O2 kg-1 m-1 between level and uphill locomotion. By taking the difference between Cmin for level and uphill locomotion, we found that the efficiency of performing vertical work during locomotion was 37 % for Coleonyx variegatus and 19 % for Eumeces skiltonianus. The similarity between the 1.9-fold difference in vertical efficiency and the 1.7-fold difference in the cost of transport on level ground is consistent with the hypothesis that nocturnal geckos have a lower cost of locomotion than other lizards because they can perform mechanical work during locomotion more efficiently.

Common Eider (Somateria Mollissima) Body Condition and Parasitic Load during a Mortality Event in the Baltic Proper

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svend-Erik Garbus ◽  
Peter Lyngs ◽  
Jens Peter Christensen ◽  
Kurt Buchmann ◽  
Igor Eulaers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Somateria Mollissima ◽  
Common Eiders ◽  
Baltic Proper ◽  
Average Body Mass ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Average Body

During late spring of 2007 and 2015, we observed unusually high mortality of Common Eiders (Somateria mollissima) on Christiansø in the Baltic Proper. The number of dead birds (2007: 125; 2015: 110) composed 5–10% of the total colony. In 2015, we collected 15 (12 adult females, three subadult males) of the 110 recently deceased Common Eiders for detailed autopsy. The average body mass of the females was 1,040 g (920–1,160 g) which is ca 60% lower than what can be expected of healthy females during wintertime. Similarly, for the subadult males the average body mass of 1,203 g (1,070–1,300 g) comprised only 45% of what can be expected for healthy subadult males during winter. All 15 birds were thus severely emaciated and cachexic with general atrophy of muscles and internal organs. Hunger oedema, distended gall bladder, empty stomach, empty and dilated intestines and dilated cardiomyopathy were observed as well. In addition, all 15 Common Eiders were infected with high loads of the acanthocephalan parasite Polymorphus minutus. No gross morphological changes suggested toxicological, bacteriological or viral causes to the mortality. Taken together, our autopsy suggested starvation leading to secondary metabolic catabolism and eventually congestive heart failure. Five birds that were examined in 2007 showed the same symptoms. We suspect that the introduction of suboptimal feeding conditions in combination with a high parasite load over the last decade synergistically caused high physiological stress leading to population level effects manifested as high mortality.

Effects of canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) on body condition and activity of free-ranging coyotes (Canis latrans)

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1042-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin N Sacks ◽  
Karen M Blejwas
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Canis Latrans ◽  
Infected Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Canine Heartworm ◽  
Average Body Mass ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Average Body

We used radiotelemetry to study relationships among canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) infection, body condition, and activity of free-ranging coyotes (Canis latrans). Average body mass at death was lower for 17 coyotes in a high-intensity infected group (mean = 33.6 heartworms) than for 18 coyotes in a control group (mean = 3.6 heartworms; p < 0.01). Coyotes in the infected group lost body mass at an average rate of 20% per year relative to the control group (p < 0.01). Bone marrow fat was negatively correlated with heartworm burden (R2 = 0.27; p < 0.01). Average body mass of coyotes at initial capture (i.e., potentially before infection) did not differ between infected and control groups (p = 0.90; 1–β = 0.70). Activity was negatively correlated with heartworm burden during the last 2 months of life (R2 = 0.30; p < 0.01), but no correlation was found 2–4 months before death. Activity of the infected group (n = 13) declined over time (p = 0.01), whereas no difference in activity was observed in the control group (n = 13; p = 0.50). Our findings indicate that heartworm infection reduced body condition and activity of coyotes but that nutritional status did not significantly affect susceptibility to infection.

Low prevalence of type 2 diabetes despite a high average body mass index in the aymara natives from chile

Nutrition ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Santos ◽  
Francisco Pérez-Bravo ◽  
Elena Carrasco ◽  
Marcelo Calvillán ◽  
Cecilia Albala
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Average Body Mass Index ◽  
Average Body Mass ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Average Body

scholarly journals Evaluation of the quality level of carcass from the aspect of proportion of major carcass parts in pork carcass sides

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Kosovac ◽  
Milica Petrovic ◽  
Branislav Zivkovic ◽  
Mihal Fabjan ◽  
Cedomir Radovic
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Average Body Mass ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Back Part

Results of the investigation carried out on pork carcasses (n = 20), deriving from Large Yorkshire pigs, are presented in this paper. Investigation began with average body mass of pigs of approximately 25 kg and ended with average body mass of 100 kg. Trial animals received uniquediet mixture (content of crude protein 17,4%, lysine content 0,9%, cellulose content 4,9%). Following traits were determined: mass of warm carcass sides at slaughtering, fat thickness between 13th and 14th rib and on vertebrae where Gluteus medius pars piriformis most penetrates the fat tissue. After cooling of carcass sides during 24 hour period on temperature of 4?C, lateral section was cut between 13lh and 14th rib in order to determine section surface of the Musculus longissiums dorsi (MLD) and surrounding fat tissue. Based on MLD section and surrounding fat tissue the meat-fat ration on the back part of carcass was calculated. Dissection of right carcass side was done according to the method of WENINGER et al. (Petricevic, 1985). Following quantitativi traits are presented: pH1 and pH2 values determined by using the digital pH-meter 45 minutes post mortem and 24 hours subsequent to slaughtering, respectively. Average weight of warm carcass side was 41,7 kg. Major parameters for dissection are fat thickness (22,35 - 23,35 mm). MLD area was 36,40 cm2. In regard to the share of major parts of carcass sides, extremely high contribution of back part (8,20 kg or 19,62%) whereas the determined contribution of ham in carcass side was 10,68 kg or 25,5%. Contribution of muscle tissue in certain carcass parts varied. For instance, the highest relative share of muscle tissue was determined in ham and shoulder 71,91% and 71,67%, respectively, followed by neek, 62,86%, whereas in other major carcass parts value of aporox 58% was determined. Total content of muscle tissue in carcass side was 58,41%. Majority of quality parameters were within the normal values.

scholarly journals Predicting the birth of a large fetus in obese women

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
I. V. Savelyeva ◽  
E. A. Bukharova ◽  
O. V. Shirokova ◽  
N. V. Nosova
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Average Body Mass Index ◽  
Normal Body Weight ◽  
Average Body Mass ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Average Body

Purpose. To determine the risk of macrosomia in pregnant women as a function of body weight.Material and Methods. The study included 754 patients. All patients were divided into three groups. Group 1 included 262 obese patients with an average body mass index (BMI) of 33.1 (31.4; 35.9) kg/m2, aged 30 (27; 34) years. Group 2 comprised 260 overweight patients with an average body mass index of 27.5 (26.4; 28.7) kg/m2, aged 29 (25; 33) years. Group 3 (control) included 232 patients with normal body weight, BMI of 22.6 (21.0; 23.8) kg/m2, aged 28 (25; 31.5) years. Anthropometric data were assessed in all patients with the performance of general clinical and laboratory examinations.Results. Based on the results of logistic regression analysis for continuous variables, a prognostic model for the birth of a large fetus with a probability of up to 70.3% was constructed.

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